Systematic review and meta-analysis of the provision of preventive care for modifiable chronic disease risk behaviours by mental health services

People with mental illness experience increased chronic disease burden, contributed to by a greater prevalence of modifiable chronic disease risk behaviours. Policies recommend mental health services provide preventive care for such risk behaviours. Provision of such care has not previously been synthesised. This review assessed the provision of preventive care for modifiable chronic disease risk behaviours by mental health services. Four databases were searched from 2006 to 2017. Eligible studies were observational quantitative study designs conducted in mental health services, where preventive care was provided to clients for tobacco smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, inadequate nutrition, or inadequate physical activity. Two reviewers independently screened studies, conducted data extraction and critical appraisal. Results were pooled as proportions of clients receiving or clinicians providing preventive care using random effects meta-analyses, by risk behaviour and preventive care element (ask/assess, advise, assist, arrange). Subgroup analyses were conducted by mental health service type (inpatient, outpatient, other/multiple). Narrative synthesis was used where meta-analysis was not possible. Thirty-eight studies were included with 26 amenable to meta-analyses. Analyses revealed that rates of assessment were highest for smoking (78%, 95% confidence interval [CI]:59%–96%) and lowest for nutrition (17%, 95% CI:1%–35%); with variable rates of care provision for all behaviours, care elements, and across service types, with substantial heterogeneity across analyses. Findings indicated suboptimal and variable provision of preventive care for modifiable chronic disease risk behaviours in mental health services, but should be considered with caution due to the very low quality of cumulative evidence

Nudging towards Serendipity:a case with personal digital photos

Serendipity is an engaging, deeply personal and even magical experience to some. While serendipity has been noted to arise during people's interactions with digital photos, we have yet to understand how this occurs or how it could be supported during-and-through the use of technology. Inspired by findings about serendipity arising from people's shuffle listening, we designed a digital photo display system to explore how we could support people's encounters with serendipity with digital photos. Through this, we gained a deeper understanding of this technology-mediated serendipity and found ways that can support and even nudge people towards encountering serendipity

The relationship between driver distraction and mental workload

Driver distraction and mental workload are two constructs that are closely related, but which are affected by different aspects of the driving situation and may also have different effects on driving performance. This chapter introduces the concept of latent driver distraction, a form of driver distraction that does not materialise in measurably unsafe driving behaviour, but that does impair being able to respond adequately to upcoming safety-critical situations. It proposes using one of the measurement tools for mental workload as an indication of latent driver distraction. It further raises the issue of evidence for increased mental workload being used often as a direct indication of all types of driver distraction. However, measurements should focus on the type of driver distraction that is measured, instead of translating an increase in one of the constructs into a supposed increase in the other construct. The relationship between mental workload and driver distraction is made explicit

Rotation in the dynamic factor modeling of multivariate stationary time series

dynamic factor model, identifiability, polynomial division, moving-average, rotation criteria,