Playing Down to the Competition? Making Sense of a Golfer\u27s Frequently Used Excuse

Golf is a sport that continues to develop throughout the years. The development of the sport exceeds the fascinating technological advances of the clubs, balls and gadgets and has taken a new sector of people by storm. Every year golf seems to capture a new audience and more over a new generation of women have taken a liking to the sport. With all these great advances there still seems to be a question out there on why performance fluctuates so much? This fluctuation can be seen by the avid sports observer on any weekend of a PGA tour event, yearly seasons and monetary winnings lists where seldomly does a golfer rule the sport for a long time how it is often seen in other sports. Our research focuses on a mental phenomenon that causes weekend golfers some of the same stresses. Opposite of a professional golfer, weekend golfers do not know the root cause of their inconsistent play, some blame the weather, while others blame new equipment, or old equipment. With every excuse a golfer gives, one has stood out to us more than others as it takes the mental aspect of the sport to another level. “I played bad because the person I was playing against was so good, (or so bad), that it affected my play”. This excuse seems to have merit within the golfing community as the many golfers we have spoken to on this journey seem to agree with the statements. The theoretical framework this research will draw from is social learning theory and in particular the subfactor of self-efficacy, which is the degree of one’s feeling about one’s ability to accomplish his or her goals (Bandura, 1997). Does the self-efficacy of a golfer change because they are playing with a golfer of a substantial difference in skill level, and does this change cause a less than usual performance

Electro-oxidation of 2-chlorophenol with BDD electrodes in a continuous flow electrochemical reactor

Es un artículo científico publicado en una revista indizada en JCRSynthetic solutions of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP, 1 mM) were treated in an undivided continuous flow electrochemical reactor equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The process was conducted at different current densities (j = 0.10, 0.125, and 0.14 A cm−2), initial pH (4.0, 7.3, and 9.0), and volumetric flow rate (Q = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L min−1). The results of this study showed that the best operational conditions were: j = 0.14 A cm−2, pH = 7.3, and y Q = 1 L min−1. Under these operational conditions the degradation and mineralization of 2-CP were, 100% and 96%, respectively, after 6 h of electrolysis time. The by-products were identified by UHPLC. Also, it was found that the electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol follows a pseudo-first order kinetics. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the electrolysis process employed in this work allows high percentages (96%) of mineralization of 2-CP, a relative low treatment cost ($ 3 MXN/ 2.5 L of synthetic solution), and that the process is applicable to remediate wastewater.CONACYT 269093 PRODEP 103/14/1135

Physiological, morphological, and mannanase production studies on Aspergillus niger uam-gs1 mutants

Mutant strains from Aspergillus niger UAM-GS1 were produced by UV radiation to increase their hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic activity production. The mutant strains showing more enzymatic activity were those labelled GS1-S059 and GS1-S067. These strains also showed the largest relationship between diameter of hydrolysis zone and colony diameter. The mutant GS1-S067 showed a colony radial extension rate and a biomass growth rate [g biomass/(cm2 h)], 1.17 times higher than that achieved by strain UAM-GS1. The high invasive capacity makes this mutant strain a promising alternative for its use in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). The morphological properties of the two mutant strains were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of the sporangium of the mutant strains GS1-S059 and GS1-S067 was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than that found for the parental strain. The hypha length and diameter of the mutant strains significantly changed (P < 0.05) compared to the parental strain. A Pearson correlation analysis on hypha length, sporangium diameter, and cellulase and xylanase activities indicated that there was a strong relationship among these variables in relation to mannanase activity. Mutant strains GS1-S059 and GS1-S067 significantly increased their level of mannanase, xylanase and cellulase production, compared to the parental strain, improving their potential industrial applications

Quién nos hubiera dicho : Guadalajara, 22 de abril

Obra que analiza la movilización civil que se produjo en Guadalajara como consecuencia de la tragedia vivida por la ciudad con las explosiones del 22 de abril de 1992. Además de la crónica de la tragedia, los textos incluyen artículos respecto de la demora de las autoridades en dictaminar sobre los responsables del desastre. A la vez, se enfatiza el papel jugado por distintos sectores de la sociedad civil en las tareas inmediatamente posteriores a las explosiones, así como en la reconstrucción a más largo plazo

G Protein-coupled Receptor-promoted Trafficking of Gβ1γ2 Leads to AKT Activation at Endosomes via a Mechanism Mediated by Gβ1γ2-Rab11a Interaction

G-protein coupled receptors activate heterotrimeric G proteins at the plasma membrane in which most of their effectors are intrinsically located or transiently associated as the external signal is being transduced. This paradigm has been extended to the intracellular compartments by studies in yeast showing that trafficking of Gα activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) at endosomal compartments, suggesting that vesicle trafficking regulates potential actions of Gα and possibly Gβγ at the level of endosomes. Here, we show that Gβγ interacts with Rab11a and that the two proteins colocalize at early and recycling endosomes in response to activation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. This agonist-dependent association of Gβγ to Rab11a-positive endosomes contributes to the recruitment of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT at this intracellular compartment. These events are sensitive to the expression of a dominant-negative Rab11a mutant or treatment with wortmannin, suggesting that Rab11a-dependent Gβγ trafficking promotes the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway associated with endosomal compartments. In addition, RNA interference-mediated Rab11a depletion, or expression of a dominant-negative Rab11a mutant attenuated LPA-dependent cell survival and proliferation, suggesting that endosomal activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in response to Gβγ trafficking, via its interaction with Rab11, is a relevant step in the mechanism controlling these fundamental events