Diffraction Plane Dependence of Micro Residual Stresses in Uniaxially Extended Carbon Steels

In the stress measurement using X-ray or neutron diffraction, an elastic anisotropy as well as a plastic anisotropy of crystal must be carefully considered. In the X-ray and neutron diffraction stress measurement for polycrystalline materials, a particular {hkl} plane is used in measuring lattice strains. The dependence of an X-ray elastic constant on a diffraction plane is a typical example caused by an elastic anisotropy of the crystal. The yield strength and the work hardening rate of a single crystal depend on a crystallographic direction of the crystal. The difference in the yield strength and the work hardening rate relating to the crystallographic direction develops different residual stresses measured on each {hkl} diffraction after plastic deformation of a polycrystalline material. The present paper describes the result of the neutron stress measurement on uniaxially extended low and middle carbon steels. A tri-axial residual stress state developed in the extended specimens was measured on different kind of {hkl} diffraction plane. The measurement on the {110}, {200} and {211} diffraction showed that residual stresses increased with increasing the plastic elongation and the residual stresses on {110} were compressive, {200} were tensile and those on {211} were the middle of the former two planes. Received: 30 September 2010; Revised: 28 October 2010; Accepted: 1 November 201

Diffraction Plane Dependence of Micro Residual Stresses in Uniaxially Extended Carbon Steels

In the stress measurement using X-ray or neutron diffraction, an elastic anisotropy as well as a plastic anisotropy of crystal must be carefully considered. In the X-ray and neutron diffraction stress measurement for polycrystalline materials, a particular {hkl} plane is used in measuring lattice strains. The dependence of an X-ray elastic constant on a diffraction plane is a typical example caused by an elastic anisotropy of the crystal. The yield strength and the work hardening rate of a single crystal depend on a crystallographic direction of the crystal. The difference in the yield strength and the work hardening rate relating to the crystallographic direction develops different residual stresses measured on each {hkl} diffraction after plastic deformation of a polycrystalline material. The present paper describes the result of the neutron stress measurement on uniaxially extended low and middle carbon steels. A tri-axial residual stress state developed in the extended specimens was measured on different kind of {hkl} diffraction plane. The measurement on the {110}, {200} and {211} diffraction showed that residual stresses increased with increasing the plastic elongation and the residual stresses on {110} were compressive, {200} were tensile and those on {211} were the middle of the former two planes. Received: 30 September 2010; Revised: 28 October 2010; Accepted: 1 November 201

Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax: clinical and economic analysis in comparison to the traditional approach

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Power Rayleigh Distribution for Fitting Total Deaths of Covid-19 in Egypt

The Rayleigh distribution incorporate the lifetime of an object or a service time. In this paper, a new model, called, Power Rayleigh distribution (PR) is submitted for specifying the confirmed total deaths of Corona virus (Covid-19) in Egypt. Statistical and reliability properties of the PR distribution such as survival function, failure rate function, mean residual life, order statistic and extreme value distribution are deduced and studied. Maximum likelihood method is used to evaluate the unknown parameters. Simulation Schemes are introduced. Finally, two sets of real-life data are construed and observed that the new model can provide a best fit to water runoff data and the total deaths of Covid-19 data than other well-known distributions

A game theoretic approach for optimizing density of remote radio heads in user centric cloud-based radio access network

In this paper, we develop a game theoretic formulation for empowering cloud enabled HetNets with adaptive Self Organizing Network (SON) capabilities. SON capabilities for intelligent and efficient radio resource management is a fundamental design pillar for the emerging 5G cellular networks. The C-RAN system model investigated in this paper consists of ultra-dense remote radio heads (RRHs) overlaid by central baseband units that can be collocated with much less densely deployed overlaying macro base-stations (BSs). It has been recently demonstrated that under a user centric scheduling mechanism, C-RAN inherently manifests the trade-off between Energy Efficiency (EE) and Spectral Efficiency (SE) in terms of RRH density. The key objective of the game theoretic framework developed in this paper is to dynamically optimize the trade-off between the EE and the SE of the C- RAN. More specifically, for an ultra-dense C- RAN based HetNet, the density of active RRHs should be carefully dimensioned to maximize the SE. However, the density of RRHs which maximizes the SE may not necessarily be optimal in terms of the EE. In order to strike a balance between these two performance determinants, we develop a game theoretic formulation by employing a Nash bargaining framework. The two metrics of interest, SE and EE, are modeled as virtual players in a bargaining problem and the Nash bargaining solution for RRH density is determined. In the light of the optimization outcome we evaluate corresponding key performance indicators through numerical results. These results offer insights for a C-RAN designer on how to optimally design a SON mechanism to achieve a desired trade-off level between the SE and the EE in a dynamic fashion

GG-prime and GG-primary GG-ideals on GG-schemes

Let $G$ be a flat finite-type group scheme over a scheme $S$, and $X$ a noetherian $S$-scheme on which $G$-acts. We define and study $G$-prime and $G$-primary $G$-ideals on $X$ and study their basic properties. In particular, we prove the existence of minimal $G$-primary decomposition and the well-definedness of $G$-associated $G$-primes. We also prove a generalization of Matijevic-Roberts type theorem. In particular, we prove Matijevic-Roberts type theorem on graded rings for $F$-regular and $F$-rational properties.Comment: 54pages, added Example 6.16 and the reference [8]. The final versio

Major depression and disease activity among systemic lupus erythematosus Egyptian females

AbstractAim of the workThe aim of this study was to identify the relationship between disease activity in SLE Egyptian females and the presence, severity and pattern of major depression in these patients.Patients and methodsThe study sample included 100 female patients; fifty SLE patients and fifty healthy adults with matching age serving as control. Patients were assessed using Beck Inventory Score for the presence of major depression, SLEDAI to determine disease activity, SLICC/ACR damage index and HAQ score for functional disability.ResultsThe majority of patients had symptoms of major depression 32/50 (64%) based on Beck Inventory Score while in controls only 16/50 (36%) had major depression. The most common depressive symptoms in SLE patients were: Guilty feeling (92%), Self-dislike (91.6%), Self-criticalness (90.4%), Crying spells (87.5%), Loss of pleasure (83.3%), Change in appetite (83.3%), Agitation (82.8%) and Pessimism (82%). Patients with major depression presented a trend toward having greater severity of SLE disease activity compared with those without major depression (p=0.04). The presence of major depression was significantly associated with functional disability measured by HAQ score (p=0.01). The patients with major depression did not differ significantly from patients without major depression regarding their steroid dosage (p=0.55), SLICC/ACR damage score (p=0.16) and disease duration (p=0.69) but differed significantly as regards Beck Hopelessness Scale (p<0.0001) and suicidal ideation score (p=0.009).ConclusionMajor depression was highly presented in Egyptian SLE patients (64%); its severity was associated with disease activity, but not with steroid administration, cumulative damage or disease duration

The values of intrapleural pressure before the removal of chest tube in non-complicated pulmonary lobectomies

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Major depression and disease activity among systemic lupus erythematosus Egyptian females

AbstractAim of the workThe aim of this study was to identify the relationship between disease activity in SLE Egyptian females and the presence, severity and pattern of major depression in these patients.Patients and methodsThe study sample included 100 female patients; fifty SLE patients and fifty healthy adults with matching age serving as control. Patients were assessed using Beck Inventory Score for the presence of major depression, SLEDAI to determine disease activity, SLICC/ACR damage index and HAQ score for functional disability.ResultsThe majority of patients had symptoms of major depression 32/50 (64%) based on Beck Inventory Score while in controls only 16/50 (36%) had major depression. The most common depressive symptoms in SLE patients were: Guilty feeling (92%), Self-dislike (91.6%), Self-criticalness (90.4%), Crying spells (87.5%), Loss of pleasure (83.3%), Change in appetite (83.3%), Agitation (82.8%) and Pessimism (82%). Patients with major depression presented a trend toward having greater severity of SLE disease activity compared with those without major depression (p=0.04). The presence of major depression was significantly associated with functional disability measured by HAQ score (p=0.01). The patients with major depression did not differ significantly from patients without major depression regarding their steroid dosage (p=0.55), SLICC/ACR damage score (p=0.16) and disease duration (p=0.69) but differed significantly as regards Beck Hopelessness Scale (p<0.0001) and suicidal ideation score (p=0.009).ConclusionMajor depression was highly presented in Egyptian SLE patients (64%); its severity was associated with disease activity, but not with steroid administration, cumulative damage or disease duration