Life after divorce is not a bed of roses: experience of upper middle class Egyptians

Around the world, in both developed and developing countries equally, divorce rates have increased tremendously during the twentieth century, regardless of the world\u27s diversified cultures, religions, value systems, etc, making divorce a universal modern phenomenon. With older generations, women would have rather maintained a miserable marriage than endure the tragedies of dissolving one. This thesis investigates the changing attitudes towards divorce along with the underlying causes for its skyrocketing rates in the world generally and in Egypt, specifically. I frame a comparison between older and younger generations who have experienced both marriage and divorce. I used two theoretical approaches to explain that generational gap in divorce rates: modernization theory and feminism theory. In light of Modernization theory, those changes are due to change in certain social variables from the past until now. These are the changes in family values and gender roles, the rise of the level of education for women, the increase in employment opportunities for women and hence economic independence, sexual openness versus sexual repression, the exposure to the West and its media, and the wide expansion and use of the internet. Feminism emphasizes the change in women\u27s perception to themselves due to economic empowerment and the reduced stigma associated with divorce as the main factors for the increasing divorce rates. Qualitative research methods are what I used mainly, interviewing sixty respondents on the subjects, who were mostly divorcees, and hearing their narratives. I initiated this research with mainly one question on my mind about the causes of the generational gap in divorce and it ended with many more questions; some I explored in my thesis and some are still left for future research. My findings shed light on the role of changing gender roles and partners expectations of marriage, women new empowered status due to education and employment, the double standards in marriage choices, marrying for all the wrong reasons including to just have sexual relations, sexual dissatisfaction resulting, and exposure to the internet and the media, with the internet being responsible for over 60% of the demise of the marital union. With a divorce taking place in Egypt every six minutes, the incompatible marriage choices and using the internet later on as a quick fix to problems resulting from that incompatibility are major contributions of my research. The role of education, counseling, NGOs and positively using the media are my suggestions to reduce divorce rates

TRADITIONAL TO RECENT APPROACHES IN HERBAL MEDICINE THERAPY OF COVID-19

Coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) is a newly identified coronavirus strain that causes symptoms ranging from cold-like signs to deaths that reached millions around the world. Until this time, there is no approved vaccine has been invented for clinical use, therefore, developing an effective program for therapy is of high priority to save the lives of patients and protect others from being infected. Nature resembles a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which innovative ideas, therapies, and products can be deduced. Chinese herbal medicine had succeeded in the treatment of other coronavirus pneumonia such as SARS, MERS and, H7N9 avian influenza which gives us hope to find the targeted remedy in the traditionally used natural herbs consumed by natives from different regions. This work aims to highlight the use of natural traditional remedies to treat viral pneumonia. This systematic review will include studies of the effects of traditional herbal medicine and its role in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Although promising results were obtained in many cases, but, only a few studies reported the fractional characterization of bioactive principles and/or mechanisms of action. It is requested that pharmaceutical industries, government agencies, and the scientific community will have a gaze at some of these plants for future research and, to find a potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARSCoV-2 therapeutics in the near future.                          Peer Review History: Received: 6 September 2020; Revised: 10 October; Accepted: 25 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Amani S. Awaad, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj. KSA. [email protected] Similar Articles: EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL; AN OFF-LABEL USE TO PROTECT THE WORLD FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC: REVIEW-BASED HYPOTHESES THE RISKS AND ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-DIABETES THERAPY IN THE POSITIVE COVID-19 PATIEN

Transport Stress Changes Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Defense System, and Hepatic HSPs mRNA Expressions of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Transport procedures usually cause fish stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transport stress on blood biochemical profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers, and hepatic heat shock proteins (HSPs) of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish (body weight 55.57 ± 5.13 g) were randomly distributed to two groups, the control, and the treatment. The control group was kept under the normal culture conditions. The treatment group was exposed to the process of transport (3.5 h). Fish samples were collected before transport, after packing and at 0, 1, 6, 24, 72, and 168 h after transport, respectively. Transport caused a significant increase in the serum concentrations of cortisol, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, as well as, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase at 0 and 1 h after transport compared with non-transported fish and the basal level. Blood total protein content significantly declined in the transported fish. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malonaldehyde content, and the activities of both glutathione peroxidase and catalase significantly increased in fish within 6 h after transport. The transported fish exhibited a significant higher level in either the concentration of nitric oxide or the mRNA expressions of both hepatic HSP70 and HSP90. It is concluded that transport triggers stress response of I. punctatus, leading to the obvious change in antioxidant capacity. I. punctatus need to be more care after transport to recover from transport stress

Effect of Coping Strategies Program on Quality of Life among Emergency Clinic Nurses Working at Night Shift

Context: The night shift work can have a negative impact on job performance, sleep, physical and emotional health, social life, family life, and level of job-related stress for nurses.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coping strategies program on quality of life among emergency clinic nurses working at night shift. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. The study was conducted at Emergency Clinic affiliated to Benha University Hospital. A convenience sample was used to achieve the aim of this study. It includes all nurses (60 nurses) who worked at night shift at Emergency Clinic. Three tools utilized in this study: Three tools were utilized in this study: Structured interviewing questionnaire to assess nurses' data, ways of coping scale for measuring coping abilities of nurses working at night shift. It included 45 items comprising eight subscales. The quality of life scale, which was designed for measuring the quality of life for nurses, consisted of 34 items categorized based on the quality of life in three domains. Results: A result reveals a significant difference between nurses' quality of life and their coping abilities post-program implementation (P= 0.001) compared to the pre-intervention level. A positive significant correlation coefficient between nurses coping strategies and their quality-of-life post-program implementation (r= 0.40, p=<0.05).Conclusion: This study concluded that the coping strategies program was effective, and its results had a drastic improvement in coping abilities and quality of life for nurses working at night shift. The study suggested establishing continuous educational programs for nurses working on the night shift at the emergency clinic unit about coping strategies & their effect on their quality of life

Motion of Spinning and Spinning Deviation Density Tensors in Riemannian Geometry

Equations of motion of spinning density for extended objects, and corresponding deviation equations are derived. The problem of motion for a variable mass to a spinning extended object is obtained. Spinning fluids may be considered as a special case to express the motion of spinning density for extended objects. Meanwhile, spinning density tensor can be expressed in terms of tetrad formalism of General Relativity to be regarded as a gauge theory of gravity. Equations of spinning and spinning deviation density tensors have been derived using a specific type of Bazanski Lagrangian is performed.Comment: 15 LaTeX page

Implicit Sensing in Traffic Optimization: Advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques

A sudden roadblock on highways due to many reasons such as road maintenance, accidents, and car repair is a common situation we encounter almost daily. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) equipped with sensors that can acquire vehicle dynamics such as speed, acceleration, and location can make intelligent decisions to change lanes before reaching a roadblock. A number of literature studies have examined car-following models and lane-changing models. However, only a few studies proposed an integrated car-following and lane-changing model, which has the potential to model practical driving maneuvers. Hence, in this paper, we present an integrated car-following and lane-changing decision-control system based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to address this issue. Specifically, we consider a scenario where sudden construction work will be carried out along a highway. We model the scenario as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ the well-known DQN algorithm to train the RL agent to make the appropriate decision accordingly (i.e., either stay in the same lane or change lanes). To overcome the delay and computational requirement of DRL algorithms, we adopt an MEC-assisted architecture where the RL agents are trained on MEC servers. We utilize the highly reputable SUMO simulator and OPENAI GYM to evaluate the performance of the proposed model under two policies; {\epsilon}-greedy policy and Boltzmann policy. The results unequivocally demonstrate that the DQN agent trained using the {\epsilon}-greedy policy significantly outperforms the one trained with the Boltzmann policy

Structural and mechanistic studies of quinone oxidoreductase II : NQO2

Flavoenzymes are a widely diverse group of enzymes that are able to catalyze a variety of different chemical reactions. A growing interest in flavoenzymes capable of reducing aromatic nitro groups may be attributed to their ability to reduce anticancer prodrugs such as CB 1954. Similarly, quinine oxidoreductases are able to activate anticancer prodrugs such as mitomycin derivatives by reducing the quinone derivative to the hydroxyl derivative. Some oxidoreductases are able to reduce nitro aromatic compounds. These enzymes may be either mammalian such as NQO1 and NQO2 which are over expressed in certain cancerous cells or bacterial which can be introduced into the cancerous growth. The bacterial nitroreductases have been previously well characterized and were found to share several similarities. On the other hand, other nitro reducing enzymes have not been investigated to determine the presence of any shared similarities. Another aim of this thesis is to identify the differences between the structure of the oxidized and reduced forms of NQO2. The similarities shared between the flavoenzymes which are known to reduce nitroaromatic compounds to their hydroxylamine or amine derivative were investigated in this thesis. Both the sequences and 3D structures of the selected proteins were compared and investigated using a variety of bioinformatics tools such as sequence and structure alignment, in addition to homology modelling. It was discovered that there are several aromatic residues conserved in different positions, relative to the flavin cofactor, in the catalytic sites of the proteins. The 3D structure of the reduced NQO2 was determined using X-ray crystallography. The oxidized and reduced protein structures were compared to determine the structural differences. The expression, purification and crystallization of the NQO2 protein, as well as the reduction of the protein crystals are described in this work. The determination of the structure of the reduced protein provided new insights into the mechanism of electron transport to and from the flavin cofactor. Moreover, kinetics studies were undertaken on the purified NQO2 protein using fluorescence spectroscopy. These resulted in the identification of several new substrates for NQO2