Interpreting aggregate wage growth

This paper analyzes the relationship between aggregate wages and individual wages when there is time series variation in employment and in the dispersion of wages. A new and easily implementable framework for the empirical analysis of aggregation biases is developed. Aggregate real wages are shown to contain three important bias terms: one associated with the dispersion of individual wages, a second reflecting the distribution of working hours, and a third deriving from compositional changes in the (selected) sample of workers. Noting the importance of these issues for recent experience in Britain, data on real wages and participation for British male workers over the period 1978-1996 are studied. A close correspondence between the estimated biases and the patterns of differences shown by aggregate wages is established. This is shown to have important implications for the interpretation of real wage growth over this period.Aggregate Real Earnings, Participation, Wage Distribution

Leading-edge receptivity to a vortical freestream disturbance: A numerical analysis

The receptivity to freestream vorticity of the boundary layer over a flat plate with an elliptic leading edge is investigated numerically. The flow is simulated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes system in general curvilinear coordinates with the vorticity and stream function as dependent variables. A finite-difference scheme which is second-order accurate in both space and time is used. As a first step, the steady basic-state solution is computed. Then a small amplitude vortical disturbance is introduced at the upstream boundary and the governing equations are solved time-accurately to evaluate the spatial and temporal growth of the perturbations leading to instability waves (Tollmien-Schlichting waves) inside the boundary layer. Preliminary results for a symmetric, 2-D disturbance reveal the presence of Tollmien-Schlichting waves aft of the flat-plate/ellipse juncture

Oneida College Lacrosse Players’ Perspectives of the Sacred Game of Lacrosse

Oneida college lacrosse players have an important perspective on the sacred game of lacrosse that needs to be heard. The Oneida are one of six tribes of the Haudenosaunee, or also known as, the Iroquois. Lacrosse is one of the fastest growing sports in the world and the style played today is most similar to the Haudenosaunee style. Oneidas are traditionally orators and lacrosse players. There is a lack of literature on the Oneida, lacrosse, and education. Oneida college lacrosse players face a problem in attempting to preserve their traditional Indigenous knowledge at their respective university communities, while also seeking the best way to transmit that knowledge. Oneida college lacrosse players are challenged physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually when navigating Western education as Native American students. There is a Western educational disparity for Native American people, a distrust of Native Americans towards researchers, and additionally, an emergence of decolonizing ideologies of Indigenous researchers claiming a space in academia. This action research study included monthly talking circles and weekly journaling with 12 Oneida college lacrosse players as collaborators. This dissertation utilized action research and in particular, community-based participatory research, along with principles based on decolonizing practices and the sacred medicine wheel. One interpretation of the sacred medicine wheel is viewing the world through the lens of the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual, and this was used as a framework for sharing our perceptions’ as collaborators in this dissertation. This dissertation created new knowledge on Oneida college lacrosse players’ perceptions concerning the sacred game of lacrosse. Several themes emerged relating to retaining and transmitting traditional perceptions of the sacred game of lacrosse to participants’ respective university or college communities. Finally, this research created unique and transformative spaces for community healing and growth amongst collaborators

On Designing of a Low Leakage Patient-Centric Provider Network

When a patient in a provider network seeks services outside of their community, the community experiences a leakage. Leakage is undesirable as it typically leads to higher out-of-network cost for patient and increases barrier for care coordination, which is particularly problematic for Accountable Care Organization (ACO) as the in-network providers are financially responsible for patient quality and outcome. We aim to design a data-driven method to identify naturally occurring provider networks driven by diabetic patient choices, and understand the relationship among provider composition, patient composition, and service leakage pattern. We construct a healthcare provider network based on patients' historical medical insurance claims. A community detection algorithm is used to identify naturally occurring communities of collaborating providers. Finally, import-export analysis is conducted to benchmark their leakage pattern and identify further leakage reduction opportunity. The design yields six major provider communities with diverse profiles. Some communities are geographically concentrated, while others tend to draw patients with certain diabetic co-morbidities. Providers from the same healthcare institution are likely to be assigned to the same community. While most communities have high within-community utilization and spending, at 85% and 86% respectively, leakage still persists. Hence, we utilize a metric from import-export analysis to detect leakage, gaining insight on how to minimizing leakage. In conclusion, we identify patient-driven provider organization by surfacing providers who share a large number of patients. By analyzing the import-export behavior of each identified community using a novel approach and profiling community patient and provider composition we understand the key features of having a balanced number of PCP and specialists and provider heterogeneity

STATE UTILITIES AND THE SUPREME COURT, 1922-1930

This is a review of Supreme Court decisions for the past eight years on the subject of the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to state regulation of property and business devoted to a public use\u27\u27 or affected with a public interest,\u27\u27 if one may be allowed to endorse without recourse these amorphous phrases issued by the court. The field covered is broader than that of strict public utilities which may be subjected to the duty to serve all. It includes all efforts on the part of the states to subject particular enterprises to price regulation. Rates of interest and charges for insurance may be regulated, but this does not mean that banks and insurers may be compelled to contract. Most of the cases deal with the power to fix prices and with restrictions on the exercise of this power. Some are concerned with special duties and obligations that may be imposed on those enterprises that come within the class of public callings. In the footnotes are given references to law-review articles and editorial notes from 1922 to 1930 which discuss the cases reported in the text or with cases presenting other problems of a similar character

Constitutional Law in 1919-1920

This review aims to include all the decisions on constitutional questions rendered by the Supreme\u27Court of the United States during the October Term of court which began in October, i919, and ended in June, i92o.1 The treatment for the most part contents itself with exposition. The footnotes give references to articles and editorial notes in recognized law journals commenting on the cases here reviewed and on the more important constitutional decisions of other courts.2 The classification of the cases and the arrangement of topics are not satisfactory, but no alternative seems distinctly superior. A classification on the basis of the clauses of the Constitution under which the cases arise would have decided demerits. Under the Fourteenth Amendment we should have to jumble together complaints against judicial procedure, tax laws, police measures, exercises of eminent domain and other governmental action. It seems preferable to follow established distinctions between various governmental powers and to let them set the plan for the main structure of the classification

The Business Situs of Credits

Reprinted from West Virginia law quarterly, January, 1922Cover titleMode of access: Internet