Preferences of young consumers for joints obtained from the technological division of the rabbit carcass evaluated by photographic images

Una muestra de 405 jóvenes de Andalucía, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 32 años y con un 54,3% de mujeres, se sometió a dos pruebas de valoración de fotografías con la finalidad de conocer, por una parte, su preferencia entre las piezas pata trasera, pata delantera, pieza lomo y caja torácica procedentes del despiece tecnológico de la canal de conejo y, por otra parte, su preferencia entre la pieza lomo y las chuletas de lomo obtenidas de esta pieza por sección transversal al raquis. En la primera prueba el orden de preferencia, de mayor a menor atractivo, fue la pata trasera, la pieza lomo, la pata delantera y la caja torácica (P<0,001) tanto en hombres como en mujeres y si eran o no consumidores de carne de conejo. En la segunda prueba la pieza lomo fue mejor valorada que las chuletas de lomo (P<0,001) por el conjunto de los sujetos de la muestra, por ambos sexos y por los jóvenes que consumían carne de conejo, mientras que los no consumidores de carne de conejo no mostraron diferencias de valoración entre ambas presentaciones (P>0,05). Los resultados ilustran la mayor aceptación que pueden tener para los consumidores las piezas de la canal con mayor cantidad de carne, sugiriéndose que estas diferencias de preferencia entre piezas de la canal podrían influir en eventuales decisiones de compra de despieces de carne de conejo.A sample of 405 young people from Andalusia (Spain), aged between 18 and 32 years and 54.3% of women was subjected to two tests consisting in scoring of photographic images in order to study i) their preference among hind leg, fore leg, loin and thoracic cage joints obtained from the technological division of the rabbit carcass, and ii) their preference between the loin joint and loin chops obtained by transverse cutting of the raquis. In the first test the decreasing degree of preference was the hind leg, the loin joint, the fore leg and the thoracic cage (P <0.001) in both men and women and whether they were rabbit meat consumer or not. In the second test loin joint reached higher score than loin chops (P <0.001) for all the individuals in the sample, for both sexes and for young people who consume rabbit meat, while non rabbit meat consumers showed no difference in preference between the two presentations (P> 0.05). The results illustrate the higher acceptance that young consumers may show for joints of the carcass with higher meat content, this suggesting that differences in preference among carcass joints could influence any decisions to purchase cuts of rabbit meat

La retórica latino-cristiana: Agustín de Hipona

[EN] The "Christian Scientia" as it is presented in "De Doctrina Christiana" has two aspects: inventio, which corresponds to intellectio, to the understanding of the Holy Writings, and, on other hand, the exposition of the results obtained. These two sides are closely linked in his ideal of oratory: "dicere sapienter et eloquenter". On trying to acquire eloquence the main point is the "familiaritas" with the models, and these are the Writings and the Christian authors, the only models, as for content and form, that must be of any interest to the Christian orator. From this point of view the place left for standard rhetoric is very small

Effect on hatchability of length of time for turning eggs during the incubation in Red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa)

El volteo de los huevos en la incubación artificial es clave para lograr buenas tasas de eclosión y pollos viables. En la producción de perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa) la duración recomendada para el periodo durante el que los huevos deben ser volteados en la incubación no se ha comprobado experimentalmente. Para contribuir al conocimiento de la duración óptima del periodo de volteo, se incubaron 74 huevos divididos en tres grupos: huevos volteados hasta el día 18 ó 19, volteados hasta el día 20 ó 21 y volteados hasta el día 22 de incubación. La tasa de eclosión fue mayor en los huevos volteados durante 20 días o másTurning of the eggs during the artificial incubation is critical in order to obtain a good hatchability and viable one-day-old chicks. In Red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) farming, the recommended length of time during which the eggs should be turned along the incubation process has not been experimentally tested. With the aim of improving knowledge on the optimum length of time for the eggs to be turned during the incubation, seventy four eggs were incubated, divided into three groups: eggs that were turned until day 18 or 19, eggs that were turned until day 20 or 21, and eggs that were turned until day 22 of incubation. The hatchability of the eggs was higher for the eggs that were turned during the incubation over at least 20 days

La valoración de los eunucos en Amiano Marcelino: el significado del elogio de Euterio

[ES] Nuestra intención en este trabajo consiste en examinar en qué medida Amiano acoge en su obra la consideración convencional negativa de los eunucos y, en segundo lugar, observar si esto le conduce a una utilización de este colectivo como medio de caracterización de la oposición entre buenos y malos emperadores basada en la utilización que de ellos hacen los monarcas.[EN] The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, the extent to which Ammianus incorporates the conventionally negative treatment of eunuchs in his work is examined. Secondly, this paper examines whether or not the treatment of eunuchs leads to a means of classifying emperors in categories of either good or bad, based on the way the monarchs utilize them

Characterisation of wild rabbit commercial game farms in Spain

[EN] The aim of this research is to characterise the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) commercial game farms in Spain using variables related to structure, management and marketing. To this end, a structured survey was administered in 2009 to 21 privately-owned farms. This subsector was an average age of 13. The average size of the breeding stock of the farms was 431 does and 64 bucks. Eighty-five percent of the farms kept all or part of the breeding stock in cages and 38.1% used artificial insemination. All the farms carried out breeder self-replacement, 4.8% by buying wild rabbits from other farms, whereas 38.1% captured wild rabbits for this purpose. Nineteen percent of the wild rabbit game farms also produced other game species, mainly red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and quail (Coturnix coturnix). Fourteen percent of the farms supplied wild rabbits to be used as prey to be released in programmes for the conservation of endangered predators, and 38.1% supplied breeding rabbits to be used by other farms to replace culled animals. Eighty-six percent of the farms offered the service of transporting the animals from the farm to the hunting grounds to their clients, and 14.3% advised customers on how to successfully release and restock hunting grounds. Seventy-six percent of the farms marketed their products throughout Spain, and 38.1% exported wild rabbits to neighbouring countries, mainly Portugal and France. Forty-three percent of the farms advertised themselves in hunting magazines, 19.1% promoted themselves by attending livestock and game fairs, and 38.1% had their own websites. In conclusion, this alternative rabbit production system constitutes a well-established subsector in Spain, despite being only 2 decades old. It also seems that it has not yet reached its development maturity. It shows wide diversity in terms of farm size and structure, as well as marketing and promotional activities.González-Redondo, P.; Sánchez-Martínez, R. (2014). Characterisation of wild rabbit commercial game farms in Spain. World Rabbit Science. 22(1):51-58. doi:10.4995/wrs.2014.1213SWORD515822

Effect of the inclusion of Amaranthus dubius in diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with Amaranthus dubius on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits. One hundred and six New Zealand White rabbits, weaned at 35 d of age, were assigned to three experimental diets including 0%, 16% and 32% of A. dubius (A0, A16 and A32), and were fed ad libitum until their slaughter at 87 d of age. Drip loss percentage (A0: 2.47, A16: 3.83 and A32: 3.61%; P < .05), dissectible fact percentage (A0: 3.02, A16: 3.63 and A32: 3.77%; P < .05) and thoracic cage percentage (A0: 12.97, A16: 13.68 and A32: 13.68%; P < .05) increased with diets including A. dubius. Contrarily, hind part percentage (A0: 40.00, A16: 38.95 and A32: 38.89%; P < .05) and compactness of the carcass decreased (A0: 2.38, A16: 2.42 and A32: 2.48; P < .01). The inclusion of A. dubius in the diets increased protein (A0: 21.52, A16: 23.76 and A32: 24.27%; P < .05) and fat contents (A0: 3.33, A16: 4.16 and A32: 5.39%; P < .05), while moisture of meat decreased proportionally (A0: 74.23, A16: 70.99 and A32: 67.70%; P < .05). These findings suggest that A. dubius can be considered as an alternative raw material for rabbit feeding in tropical and subtropical regions where it is widespread

Efecto de la época de recolecta y órgano de la planta sobre el contenido de metales de Amaranthus Dubius Mart. ex Thell

El amaranto (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) es utilizado como planta forrajera en la alimentación de ovinos, caprinos, porcinos y bovinos, además, de ser reportada como arvense en diversos cultivos comerciales. Se evaluó el contenido de metales en hojas, tallos y panículas de amaranto recolectado en época lluviosa y seca. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en la población de Merecure, municipio Acevedo, estado Miranda, Venezuela. Se determinó la concentración de Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Cd, Pb y Hg por espectroscopia de absorción atómica y Na y K por fotometría de llama. Los valores encontrados fueron superiores a los reportados por otros investigadores en la misma y en otras especies de amaranto. Los metales mayoritarios fueron Ca, K, Al, Mg y Fe. Se detectó trazas de Hg y no se evidenció la presencia de Cd y Pb. La acumulación de metales fue heterogénea entre los órganos de la planta y estuvo influenciada por la época de recolect

The validity and reliability of a new instrumented device for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: A restriction in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) has been linked to several clinical manifestations such as metatarsalgia, heel pain, nerve entrapment, ankle joint equinus, patellar and ankle injuries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Leg Motion system for measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive repeated-measures study. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy male university students were recruited to test the reliability of the Leg Motion system, which is a portable tool used for assessment of ankle dorsiflexion during the weight-bearing lunge test. The participants were tested two times separated by two weeks and measurements were performed at the same time of the day by the same single rater. To test the validity of the Leg Motion system, other maximal ankle dorsiflexion ROM assessments (goniometer, inclinometer and measuring tape) were measured in a single session (i.e., the first test session) during the weight-bearing lunge position using a standard goniometer, a digital inclinometer and a measuring tape measure with the ability to measure to the nearest 0.1 cm. RESULTS: Paired t-tests showed the absence of significant differences between right and left limb measurements of dorsiflexion in all tests. Mean values ± standard deviations were as follows: Leg Motion test (left 11.6cm±3.9; right 11.9cm ±4.0), tape measure (left 11.6cm±4.0; right 11.8cm±4.2), goniometer (left 40.6º±5.2; right 40.6º±5.2), and digital inclinometer (left 40.0º±5.8; right 39.9º±5.6). The Leg Motion composite values (i.e., average of the two legs) showed a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with the tape measure (r=0.99), with the goniometer (r=0.66), and with the digital inclinometer (r=0.72). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study provide evidence to support the use of the Leg Motion system as a valid, portable, and easy to use alternative to the weight-bearing lunge test to assess ankle dorsiflexion ROM in healthy participants

Influence of Stress Assessed through Infrared Thermography and Environmental Parameters on the Performance of Fattening Rabbits

Rabbits often experience stress when they perceive certain stimuli, such as handling. The physiological response of animals to stress and temperament is associated with feeding efficiency, with those with the least capacity to react to stress showing the highest performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stress due to heat (temperature-humidity index; THI) or handling, assessed using infrared thermography, on the performance parameters of rabbits of a Spanish Common breed. Thirty-nine rabbits were analyzed during a 38-d fattening period at two times of the year: a cold period and a warm period. The rabbits’ stress due to handling was assessed by the temperature difference taken in the inner ear, before and after being handled. The animals were more productive in the cold season. Temperature-humidity index significantly influenced average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (DFI). Rabbits with higher levels of stress showed higher ADG, DFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values. The greater the stress due to handling, the less efficient the animals were. FCR increased with higher THI. It was concluded that changes in animal welfare caused by the rabbits’ reactivity to both climatic and individual factors affect animal productivit

Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors

[EN] In clinical examination of rabbits, the temperature is usually recorded with a digital thermometer introduced rectally, an invasive procedure that could cause handling stress. The aim of this study was to assess body temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) in four areas of the rabbit’s anatomy: eye (ETT), outer ear (OETT), inner ear (IETT) and nose (NTT), and then validate it as an alternative measure to rectal temperature (RT) assessed with a conventional thermometer. Temperature samples were taken twice a week from 48 weaned rabbits of Spanish Common Rabbit breed during a 38-d fattening period. The factors considered were: doe from which the rabbits came (8 does), weeks of fattening period (4 to 5 wk), batch (3 periods of the year: April-May, June-July and January-February) and group size (cages with 1 to 7 rabbits). On average, the results were an RT of 38.48±0.02 °C; ETT of 37.31±0.05 °C; OETT of 29.09±0.26°C; IETT of 30.53±0.251 °C, and NTT of 33.29±0.11 °C (mean±se). Moderate, statistically significant positive correlations (P&lt;0.001) were observed between RT and temperatures measured with infrared thermography (IETT, OETT, ETT and NTT), both in general (0.39 to 0.49) and intraclass (0.36 to 0.39), based on the batch, group size, week of fattening period and doe. The thermographic measurements which showed the highest correlation with RT were OETT and IETT. We also studied the effects that could influence the temperature variables evaluated by IRT and RT within each batch: for each week of the fattening period, for the group size and for the doe effect. We found significant differences (P&lt;0.001) between weeks within the batch, with a tendency for the temperature of the rabbits to increase as the fattening period progressed. The doe effect (within the batch) did not show, on the whole, any statistically significant differences within batches. On the other hand, we did observe a trend towards higher temperatures as the group size increased. In conclusion, infrared thermography is an effective tool for body temperature assessment and correlates closely with RT, with IETT appearing as the best reference point for taking body temperature in fattening rabbits. Infrared thermography appeared as a suitable alternative to RT for body temperature assessment in rabbits, thus avoiding handling stress.Jaén-Téllez, JA.; Bartolomé, E.; Sánchez-Guerrero, MJ.; Valera, M.; González-Redondo, P. (2021). Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors. World Rabbit Science. 29(4):263-273. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.15556OJS263273294Ardiaca M., Brotóns N.J., Montesinos A. 2010. Aproximación a las urgencias y cuidados intensivos en conejos, psitácidas y reptiles. Clín. Vet. Peq. 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