Association of socioeconomic deprivation with life expectancy and all‑cause mortality in Spain, 2011–2013

Life tables summarise a population’s mortality experience during a time period. Sex- and agespecific life tables are needed to compute various cancer survival measures. However, mortality rates vary according to socioeconomic status. We present sex- and age-specific life tables based on socioeconomic status at the census tract level in Spain during 2011–2013 that will allow estimating cancer relative survival estimates and life expectancy measures by socioeconomic status. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Spanish Statistical Office. Socioeconomic level was measured using the Spanish Deprivation Index by census tract. We produced sex- and age-specific life expectancies at birth by quintiles of deprivation, and life tables by census tract and province. Life expectancy at birth was higher among women than among men. Women and men in the most deprived census tracts in Spain lived 3.2 and 3.8 years less than their counterparts in the least deprived areas. A higher life expectancy in the northern regions of Spain was discovered. Life expectancy was higher in provincial capitals than in rural areas. We found a significant life expectancy gap and geographical variation by sex and socioeconomic status in Spain. The gap was more pronounced among men than among women. Understanding the association between life expectancy and socioeconomic status could help in developing appropriate public health programs. Furthermore, the life tables we produced are needed to estimate cancer specific survival measures by socioeconomic status. Therefore, they are important for cancer control in Spain.Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission PI18/01593 CP17/00206-EU/FEDERAsociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC) PROYE20023SANCCancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) from the CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Procedures and Legal Instruments for Drought Declaration in the Segura River Basin (Spain)

The phenomenon of drought and its socioeconomic and environmental consequences have been addressed in many studies, which show that anticipating its diagnosis and activating specific management measures are fundamental for providing an efficient response. In the Segura River Basin, located in south-east Spain, many episodes have occurred throughout history, with devastating effects on production and supply systems. However, they have enabled us to learn and evolve towards developing a resilient system to address these situations, through the application of external resources, transfers from other basins and non-conventional resources derived from the reuse of treated water and desalinated seawater. This evolution has been possible thanks to the advances made in hydrological planning and, specifically, the Special Drought Plans, through the development of indicator systems associated with scenarios which enable the automatic activation of specific actions to reduce the impacts. Climate change is already a reality and has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, testing the capacity to respond based on the current policies. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyse the last drought occurring in the Segura River Basin in the period 2015–2019 by comparing the status indicators developed for detecting drought in the SDP 2007 with its subsequent review carried out in the year 2018, in which these indicators were updated and expanded so as to cover both drought and scarcity. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis has been made of the approved legislation and the measures adopted which consisted in the mobilisation of more than 600 hm³ of extraordinary resources, which have been able to maintain the supply to the population and minimise the economic losses of the productive systems, particularly in irrigated agriculture.This research was funded by the Water Chair of the University of Alicante-Alicante Provincial Council (2022) and by the Campus Hábitat5U network of excellence

Bayesian variable selection and survival modeling: assessing the Most important comorbidities that impact lung and colorectal cancer survival in Spain

Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez is supported by a Miguel Servet I Investigator award (Grant CP17/00206) and a project grant EU-FEDER-FIS PI-18/01593 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Danilo Alvares is supported by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT, Chile) grant number 11190018.Cancer survival represents one of the main indicators of interest in cancer epidemiology. However, the survival of cancer patients can be affected by several factors, such as comorbidities, that may interact with the cancer biology. Moreover, it is interesting to understand how different cancer sites and tumour stages are affected by different comorbidities. Identifying the comorbidities that affect cancer survival is thus of interest as it can be used to identify factors driving the survival of cancer patients. This information can also be used to identify vulnerable groups of patients with comorbidities that may lead to worst prognosis of cancer. We address these questions and propose a principled selection and evaluation of the effect of comorbidities on the overall survival of cancer patients. In the first step, we apply a Bayesian variable selection method that can be used to identify the comorbidities that predict overall survival. In the second step, we build a general Bayesian survival model that accounts for time-varying effects. In the third step, we derive several posterior predictive measures to quantify the effect of individual comorbidities on the population overall survival. We present applications to data on lung and colorectal cancers from two Spanish population-based cancer registries. The proposed methodology is implemented with a combination of the R-packages mombf and rstan. We provide the code for reproducibility at https://github.com/migariane/ BayesVarImpComorbiCancer.Miguel Servet I Investigator award CP17/00206 EU-FEDER-FIS PI-18/01593Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 1119001

Propuesta de diseño de una asignatura de seguridad de sistemas informáticos

Muchos de los actuales planes de estudios de informática carecen de asignaturas específicas sobre las materias relacionadas con la seguridad de los sistemas informáticos, y, dada la impor-tancia creciente de esta materia, es de esperar que sea clave en los futuros planes de estudios. Además, su cuerpo curricular no está tan claro como en otras asignaturas más clásicas (sistemas operativos, bases de datos, etc). En este artículo se plantea una propuesta de diseño de dicha asignatura, desde las competen-cias que se pretenden lograr hasta los contenidos a impartir y la metodología de trabajo, siguiendo la filosofía planteada por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES).Peer Reviewe

Association of socioeconomic deprivation with life expectancy and all-cause mortality in Spain, 2011-2013

Life tables summarise a population's mortality experience during a time period. Sex- and age-specific life tables are needed to compute various cancer survival measures. However, mortality rates vary according to socioeconomic status. We present sex- and age-specific life tables based on socioeconomic status at the census tract level in Spain during 2011-2013 that will allow estimating cancer relative survival estimates and life expectancy measures by socioeconomic status. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Spanish Statistical Office. Socioeconomic level was measured using the Spanish Deprivation Index by census tract. We produced sex- and age-specific life expectancies at birth by quintiles of deprivation, and life tables by census tract and province. Life expectancy at birth was higher among women than among men. Women and men in the most deprived census tracts in Spain lived 3.2 and 3.8 years less than their counterparts in the least deprived areas. A higher life expectancy in the northern regions of Spain was discovered. Life expectancy was higher in provincial capitals than in rural areas. We found a significant life expectancy gap and geographical variation by sex and socioeconomic status in Spain. The gap was more pronounced among men than among women. Understanding the association between life expectancy and socioeconomic status could help in developing appropriate public health programs. Furthermore, the life tables we produced are needed to estimate cancer specific survival measures by socioeconomic status. Therefore, they are important for cancer control in Spain.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII): I18/01593 & CP17/00206-EU/FEDER. Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC): PROYE20023SÁNC and the Cancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) from the CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Te funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.S

Bovedas tardogóticas en los oratorios palatinos sevillanos: el caso de la Capilla de la Flagelación de la Casa Pilatos

El oratorio de la Casa de Pilatos está estrechamente relacionado con aquéllos presentes en otros palacios sevillanos de cro-nología similar, como el del palacio de las Dueñas o el conocido como oratorio de los Reyes Católicos en los Reales Alcá-zares. En todos ellos encontramos bóvedas de crucería rebajadas con terceletes de nervios estilizados con una decoración vegetal sorprendente, que coexisten con motivos decorativos islámicos o paredes de azulejos. El análisis geométrico de la bóveda del oratorio y el estudio de su trazado permiten establecer relaciones con los otros dos ejemplos mencionados y con la bóveda de la capilla de Nuestra Señora de la Antigua en la catedral de Sevilla, cuya traza se atribuye a Simón de Colonia. Con ella comparte tanto el cruce de los nervios en los enjarjes como algunos procedimientos seguidos en su ejecución final.The oratory of the Casa de Pilatos is closely related to those present in other Sevillian palaces of similar chronology, such as the palace of the Dueñas or the one known as the oratorio of the Catholic Monarchs in the Reales Alcázares. In all of them, we find surbased ribbed vaults with tiercerons of stylized nerves with a striking vegetal decoration, which coexist with Islamic decorative motifs or tiled walls. The geometrical analysis of the vault of the oratory and the study of its layoutallow to establish relations with both the other examples mentioned, and with the vault of the chapel of Nuestra Señora de la Antigua of the cathedral of Seville, whose trace is attributed to Simón de Colonia. With this it shares both the crossing ofthe ribs in the zones close to the springing as some procedures followed in its final execution

Rewiring Vascular Metabolism Prevents Sudden Death due to Aortic Ruptures-Brief Report.

The goal of this study was to determine whether boosting mitochondrial respiration prevents the development of fatal aortic ruptures triggered by atherosclerosis and hypertension. Ang-II (angiotensin-II) was infused in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice fed with a western diet to induce acute aortic aneurysms and lethal ruptures. We found decreased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from murine and human aortic aneurysms. Boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside reduced the development of aortic aneurysms and sudden death by aortic ruptures. Targetable vascular metabolism is a new clinical strategy to prevent fatal aortic ruptures and sudden death in patients with aortic aneurysms.This study was supported by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/188, PI19/855), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the European Commission through H2020-EU.1.1 and European Research Council grant ERC-2016-StG 715322-EndoMitTalk. This work was partially supported by Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/ BMD-3867 RENIM-CM), co-financed by European Structural and Investment Fund. M. Mittelbrunn is supported by the Miguel Servet Program (CP 19/014, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre). J. Oller and E. Gabandé-Rodríguez are supported by Juan de la Cierva (IJC2019-040152-I and IJC2018-036850-I respectively). Support was also provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grants (RTI2018-099246-B-I00, Comunidad de Madrid and Fondo Social Europeo funds (AORTASANA-CM; J. Miguel Redondo), J. Miguel Redondo was also funded by Fundación La Caixa (HR18-00068), The Marfan Foundation USA and the CIBER-CV of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CB16/11/00264).S

Cancer incidence estimation from mortality data: a validation study within a population-based cancer registry

Background: Population-based cancer registries are required to calculate cancer incidence in a geographical area, and several methods have been developed to obtain estimations of cancer incidence in areas not covered by a cancer registry. However, an extended analysis of those methods in order to confirm their validity is still needed. Methods: We assessed the validity of one of the most frequently used methods to estimate cancer incidence, on the basis of cancer mortality data and the incidence-to-mortality ratio (IMR), the IMR method. Using the previous 15-year cancer mortality time series, we derived the expected yearly number of cancer cases in the period 2004– 2013 for six cancer sites for each sex. Generalized linear mixed models, including a polynomial function for the year of death and smoothing splines for age, were adjusted. Models were fitted under a Bayesian framework based on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The IMR method was applied to five scenarios reflecting different assumptions regarding the behavior of the IMR. We compared incident cases estimated with the IMR method to observed cases diagnosed in 2004–2013 in Granada. A goodness-of-fit (GOF) indicator was formulated to determine the best estimation scenario. Results: A total of 39,848 cancer incidence cases and 43,884 deaths due to cancer were included. The relative differences between the observed and predicted numbers of cancer cases were less than 10% for most cancer sites. The constant assumption for the IMR trend provided the best GOF for colon, rectal, lung, bladder, and stomach cancers in men and colon, rectum, breast, and corpus uteri in women. The linear assumption was better for lung and ovarian cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In the best scenario, the mean absolute percentage error was 6% in men and 4% in women for overall cancer. Female breast cancer and prostate cancer obtained the worst GOF results in all scenarios. Conclusion: A comparison with a historical time series of real data in a population-based cancer registry indicated that the IMR method is a valid tool for the estimation of cancer incidence. The goodness-of-fit indicator proposed can help select the best assumption for the IMR based on a statistical argument.Subprogram "Cancer surveillance" of the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MINECO/FEDER PGC2018-098860-B-I00Andalusian Department of Health Research, Development and Innovation PI-0152/201