4,882 research outputs found
Clasificación de las anomalías vasculares (tumores y malformaciones). Características clínicas e historia natural
Vascular anomalies are divided into tumours and
malformations. Haemangiomas are the most frequent
amongst the former. Not normally present at birth,
except in a premonitory form, they grow for 10-12
months due to hyperplasia, to subsequently undergo a
progressive involution for a period that might last from
ten to twelve years. They have an incidence of up to
12% in newborns; they are more common amongst
girls; and are divided into superficial, deep and compound.
Congenital haemangiomas and those that do
not undergo involution are considered to be rare entities.
Vascular malformations, with a lower incidence
than haemangiomas, are always present at birth, they
grow by hypertrophy and never undergo involution.
According to the classification of the ISSVA, vascular
malformations are divided - depending on the vessel
affected - into capillary or venular (port-wine stain),
venous, lymphatic, arteriovenous and combined or
complex. Each of these has certain defining clinical and
haemodynamic peculiarities. Within the final group are
included some with a low flow, such as the Klippel-Trenaunay
syndrome (venous and lymphatic venular vascular
malformation associated with the muscularskeletal
hypertrophy of an extremity), and others with
a high flow, such as the Parkes-Weber syndrome
Protocolo de actuación ante hemangiomas y/o malformaciones vasculares
When facing any vascular lesion present in the first
moments of life, it is necessary to determine whether
one is dealing with a tumour or a vascular malformation,
given the different evolution of both processes and,
hence, the different treatments they require.
Diagnosis is basically clinical, based on a correct
anamnesis and a detailed physical exploration. The
first thing is to establish whether the lesion was present
at birth and has changed size significantly, which
would lead one to think of a haemangioma or, on the
contrary, whether it is congenital and of very slow
growth, such as vascular malformations. Facing dubious
lesions, it is recommendable to carry out a biopsy
with immunohistochemistry for the GLUT-1 antibody,
specific to haemangiomas.
Amongst the image tests, the first choice is usually
ecography-Doppler, which makes it possible to determine
whether the lesion is of high or low flow and to
distinguish whether one is dealing with a haemangioma
or a vascular malformation. Depending on the type of
lesion, its localisation and degree of affectation it might
be necessary to carry out radiography, magnetic resonance,
phlebography, angio-resonance, arteriography
or lymphoscintigraphy to complete the study.
In more particular cases, such as multiple haemangiomatosis,
it is necessary to carry out an hepatic
echography, blood concealed in faeces, gastroscopy
and colonoscopy, as well a determination of thyroid
hormones; and in venous or combined extensive malformations,
a haemogram and coagulation tests.
On the other hand, the possible repercussions on
other organs make a multidisciplinary approach essential,
with the participation of different specialists.
Due to the wide spectrum covered by vascular
anomalies, treatment must be individualised
Actualización en malformaciones venosas
Venous malformations represent 2/3rds of all vascular
malformations and are frequently much more
complex than they appear to be. Patients with large
venous malformations require a deep analytical and radiological
study, as well as specific treatment to control
any possible localised intravascular coagulation. If the
lesions are extensive, especially in the lower member,
a study should be made to detect the presence of an
underlying osteoporosis with the idea of preventing
pathological fractures. Equally, a check must be made
for arthropathy, and an early prophylactic synovectomy
must be considered when the radiological extension
makes this advisable, with the idea of avoiding
irreversible damage to the joints with the passage of
time. Currently, microfoam scleropathy is favoured as
the treatment of choice for low-flow vascular malformations.
In the not too distant future, the use of selective
antiangiogenic medicines, besides low-molecularweight
heparins
Tipificación y caracterización de granjas cinegéticas de faisán (Phasianus colchicus) en España
This research typified and characterised the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) game farms in Spain using structural
and marketing variables. A structured survey was given to 25 private-owned farms in May 2010. A categorical principal
components analysis performed to typify the farms yielded two dimensions. First dimension explained 50.5% of
the variance and included the variables “number of females in the breeding flock”, and “the farm is of complete-cycle
or not”. Second dimension explained 32.3% of the variance and included the variables “age of the farm” and “the farm
advertises its activity in the game press”. A cluster analysis differentiated four farm typologies. Farm type 1 included
28% of the farms, being recent (established between 1990 and 2003), complete-cycle and medium-sized (breeding
flock of 15 to 300 females), with low advertising activity in the game press and without a hunting preserve. Farm type
2 included 28% of the farms, being the most recent (established between 1994 and 2008), without breeding flock, with
low advertising activity, and most have hunting preserve. Farm type 3 included 20% of the farms, being old (established
between 1983 and 1992), without breeding flock and with high advertising activity; 40% of them have hunting preserve.
Farm type 4 included 24% of the farms, being old (established between 1980 and 1995), complete-cycle and high-sized
(breeding flock of 50 to 1,000 females), with high advertising activity; most have hunting preserve. In conclusion, this
is an alternative poultry sub-sector consolidated in Spain, despite being only three decades old.Se tipificaron y caracterizaron granjas cinegéticas de faisán (Phasianus colchicus) en España usando variables de
estructura y comercialización obtenidas mediante encuesta a 25 granjas privadas en 2010. Un análisis de componentes
principales categóricos realizado para tipificar las granjas generó dos dimensiones. La primera dimensión explicó el
50,5% de la varianza e incluyó las variables “número de hembras reproductoras” y “la granja es de ciclo completo o
no”. La segunda dimensión explicó el 32,3% de la varianza e incluyó las variables “edad de la granja” y “la granja se
publicita en prensa cinegética”. Un análisis de conglomerados subsiguiente diferenció cuatro tipologías de granjas. La
tipología 1 incluyó al 28% de las granjas, siendo recientes (fundadas entre 1990 y 2003), de ciclo completo y tamaño
medio (15 a 300 hembras reproductoras), con baja actividad publicitaria en prensa cinegética y sin coto de caza. La
tipología 2 incluyó un 28% de las granjas, siendo las más recientes (fundadas entre 1994 y 2008), sin reproductores,
con baja actividad publicitaria y la mayoría con coto. La tipología 3 incluyó un 20% de las granjas, siendo antiguas
(fundadas entre 1983 y 1992), sin plantel reproductor y con elevada actividad publicitaria; el 40% tienen coto. La tipología
4 incluyó un 24% de las granjas, siendo antiguas (fundadas entre 1980 y 1995), de ciclo completo y gran tamaño
(50 a 1.000 hembras reproductoras), con elevada actividad publicitaria y la mayoría con coto. Con sólo tres
décadas de existencia este subsector avícola alternativo está consolidado en Españ
Linear basal cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid: Reconstruction with a musculocutaneous transposition flap
Linear basal cell carcinoma (LBCC) is a rare
morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma. It is
defined as a basal cell carcinoma that grows
following a linear pattern, with a longitudinal
diameter longer that its width. This entity was first
reported by Lewis in 1985,1 and since then
approximately 50 new cases have been described.
LBCC characteristically spreads following relaxed
skin tension lines, and the most frequent site is the
lower eyelid. Currently, some controversy exists
regarding the most appropriate surgical approach
and reconstructive technique for LBCC. For this
reason, we present 2 cases recently managed in
our center
Simplifying forehead and temple reconstruction: a narrative review
The forehead and temporal region are frequent areas of skin cancer development. After tumor removal, reconstruction must be performed, maintaining the frontal-temporal line of the scalp and symmetry of the eyebrows in an attempt to hide the scars within these marks or natural folds and wrinkles. Second wound healing and skin grafts generally do not produce an acceptable cosmetic result. When direct closure is not possible, the technique of choice is skin flaps. In the midfrontal line continuation of the glabella, there is a remnant of skin to be used as a donor area for local flaps; similarly, it occurs in the preauricular cheek, which can move toward the temple. In addition to the classic advancement and rotation flaps, the frontalis myocutaneous transposition flap is an excellent technique for closing defects which are wider than higher on the forehead. Its design is very versatile and can be performed between the two pupil lines at different heights depending on the location of the defect. On the other hand, the preauricular skin advancement flap with an infralobular Burow's triangle is also an excellent option for reconstructing tumors in the temporal area
Length of the artificial incubation in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa)
La incubación artificial de los huevos es una fase del manejo clave para la viabilidad de las granjas cinegéticas
de perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa). Sin embargo, la duración de la incubación artificial y la dispersión
de las eclosiones no han sido previamente cuantificadas en esta especie. Con este objetivo se
analizaron cuatro ensayos de incubación artificial de huevos de perdiz roja procedentes de tres granjas
cinegéticas del sur de España realizados incluyendo variabilidad de factores de manejo de los reproductores
y de la incubación. La duración media de la incubación fue de 23,4 días, difiriendo entre
ensayos (P = 0,004), con un valor modal de 23 días y finalizando la mayoría de las eclosiones (percentil
95) el día 24,5 de incubación. La eclosión mostró una distribución asimétrica positiva y leptocúrtica, como
corresponde al patrón de eclosión de las especies precociales. Las eclosiones, que pueden comenzar el
día 21,5 y finalizar el día 26 de incubación, se extendieron en promedio durante cuatro días, periodo
mayor que el descrito en la literatura divulgativa probablemente porque en el presente estudio los huevos
no estuvieron en contacto entre sí, lo que pudo limitar la sincronía en la eclosión. Los resultados de
este estudio son útiles para conocer la distribución de la eclosión en las granjas cinegéticas de perdiz
roja, posibilitando la mejora del manejo de los lotes de huevos en la nacedoraThe artificial incubation of the eggs is a key management phase for the feasibility of the red-legged
partridge (Alectoris rufa) game farms. However, the length of the artificial incubation and the spreading
pattern of the hatching have not been previously quantified in this species. To this end, four trials
of artificial incubation of eggs from three red-legged partridge game farms located in southern Spain
were analised. The trials included a wide range of variability with regard to management of breeders
and incubation process. The average length of the incubation period was 23.4 days, with differences
among trials (P = 0,004), showing a modal value of 23 days. Most of the chicks (percentile 95) hatched
before 24.5 days of incubation. The distribution of the hatch was leptokurtic and showed positive asymmetry,
fitting with the hatching pattern of the precocial species. The hatching, that can start on day 21.5
and finish on day 26 of incubation, were spread over four days on average. This period was longer than
that described in the informative literature, probably because in the present study the eggs were not in contact with each other, which could have limited the hatching synchrony. The results of the present
study are useful to understand the distribution of hatching in the red-legged game farms, enabling
improved management of the batches of eggs in the hatchery
Differential modulation of IL-8 and TNF-α expression in human keratinocytes by buflomedil chlorhydrate and pentoxifylline
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative used in a wide range of
dermatoses. As well as its hemorrheologic activity, PTX has anti-inflammatory
properties. Buflomedil chlorhydrate (BC) is another hemorrheological drug with
peripheral vasodilatory action, whose clinical uses are similar to those of PTX.
Both drugs increase intracellular levels of cAMP, either secondary to
phosphodiesterase inhibition (PTX) or adenyl-cyclase stimulation (BC). Long-term
cultures of normal human keratinocytes were prepared in a free-serum medium, and
stimulated with 1 mg/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and PTX or BC
(100-1000 micrograms/ml). Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and
TGF-beta 1 using ELISA and Northern blot or RT-PCR techniques were measured.
TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes. TPA did not induce
IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta release of keratinocytes. TPA increased RNA expression of
the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. BC diminished
TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes; in the case of IL-8 it
is possible that this inhibition occur to transcriptional level. Moreover PTX was
unable to inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis and expression. PTX and BC reduced
TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and beta expression. It is possible that BC action is
specifically exerted on keratinocytes, because we did not find similar results
with TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis in mononuclear peripheral blood cells
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