Recursive Non-Local Means Filter for Video Denoising

In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient algorithm for video denoising that exploits temporal and spatial redundancy. The proposed method is based on non-local means (NLM). NLM methods have been applied successfully in various image denoising applications. In the single-frame NLM method, each output pixel is formed as a weighted sum of the center pixels of neighboring patches, within a given search window. The weights are based on the patch intensity vector distances. The process requires computing vector distances for all of the patches in the search window. Direct extension of this method from 2D to 3D, for video processing, can be computationally demanding. Note that the size of a 3D search window is the size of the 2D search window multiplied by the number of frames being used to form the output. Exploiting a large number of frames in this manner can be prohibitive for real-time video processing. Here, we propose a novel recursive NLM (RNLM) algorithm for video processing. Our RNLM method takes advantage of recursion for computational savings, compared with the direct 3D NLM. However, like the 3D NLM, our method is still able to exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy for improved performance, compared with 2D NLM. In our approach, the first frame is processed with single-frame NLM. Subsequent frames are estimated using a weighted sum of pixels from the current frame and a pixel from the previous frame estimate. Only the single best matching patch from the previous estimate is incorporated into the current estimate. Several experimental results are presented here to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method in terms of quantitative and subjective image quality

Psychological Analysis on Autogenesis as Preface to God Cognition (A Comparative Analysis of View Point of Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib --peace be upon him-and Scholars of Education and Pedagogy)

One of the questions which has engaged the mind and soul of many people is: how can fifteen century old teachings of Islam and its guide lines given by Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and infallible Imams (peace be upon them) can answer the needs of today and how can it lead the way of today’s people to perfection? Is the teaching of Islam compatible with science of today?The present papertries to emphasize on teachings of Islam not belonging to people of specific time period, and have static and variable laws and comprehensive view on every aspect of life. It also performs an analytic and comparative study on viewpoint of psychologists and sayings of Imam Ali's concerning the most fundamental need of humanity; Autogenesis and perfectionism. Probably it may help us answer the above questions and will also help us in manifesting some part of that infallible Imam's endless knowledge

Syntheses, Structures and Biological Activity of Some Schiff Base Metal Complexes

اربع معقدات قاعدة شف ثنائية النواة جديدة [(MCl2)2L] = M} Fe (1), (2) Co, Cu (3), Sn (4) { ليكاند = 1,4-ثنائي فنيلين (ميثان دايين) ثنائي(ايثان ثنائي امين). حضرت بطريقة التفاعل المباشر بين اليكاند وعدد من هاليدات الفلزات. الصيغ التركيبية للمركبات اثبتت من خلال عدد من التقنيات الطيفية مكيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي وطيف الكتلة. حددت الفعالية الحيوية للمركبات تجاه عدد من العزلات البكتيرية السالبة والموجبة الغرام مثل العصية القولونية, الزوائف, العصيات, المكورات العنقودية, المسبحات العنقودية.Four new binuclear Schiff base metal complexes [(MCl2)2L] {M = Fe 1, Co 2, Cu 3, Sn 4, L = N,N’-1,4-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene) bis (ethane-1,2-diamine)} have been synthesized using direct reaction between proligand (L) and the corresponding metal chloride (FeCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2 and SnCl2). The structures of the complexes have been conclusively determined by a set of spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectra). Finally, the biological properties of the complexes have been investigated with a comparative approach against different species of bacteria (E. coli G-, Pseudomonas G-, Bacillus G+, Staphylococcus G+, and Streptococcus G+)

Influence of Fluoride Addition on Hydroxyapatite Prepared for Medical Applications

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has been prepared as bioceramic material with biological specifications useful to used for orthopedic and dental implant applications. Wet chemical processing seems to form the fine grain size and uniform characteristic nanocrystalline materials by the interstice factors controlling which affected the grain size and crystallinity in order to give good mechanical and/or constituent properties similar as natural bone. Fluorinated hydroxyapatite [4-6 wt% F, (FHA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2–Fx] was developed in new method for its posses to increased strength and to give higher corrosion resistance in biofluids than pure HAP moreover reduces the risk of dental caries. The phase's and functional groups characterizations XRD & FTIR reveled the purity of the product and its free of other phases, while the morphology tests showed the compound homogeneity as fluoride interpenetrated in the compound lattice net

Pcr-Based Detection of Chicken and Cattle Meat Targeting Cytochrome B Gene As Affected By Heating and Mixing of Meat

This study was conducted to examine the effects of heating and mixing of cattle and chicken meat on their identification by PCR targeting cytochrome b gene using species-specific primers. In addition to simplex PCR, multiplex-PCR was used for detection in meat mixtures.  Five samples of cattle meat and five samples of chicken meat were subjected to 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 C for 20 minutes. The results of PCR targeting cytochrome b gene showed that all heat treatment groups of cattle and chicken meat were identical. After mixing equal quantities of cattle and chicken, ten samples were selected from different locations in the mixture. Results showed that 50 % of samples were present both cattle and chicken, whereas, only 30 % of samples were present cattle only, in addition, only 20 % of samples were present chicken only. The results of this study confirm that DNA was unaffected by heating up to 120 C for 20 minutes and refer to the importance of increasing sample numbers and sites of tested meat mixtures

Isolation and Identification the Causative Agent of Bacterial Hepatitis in the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)

The present study was conducted to isolate and diagnose the bacterial infection of liver of common carp fish, with investigated the histopathological changes in effected organs. 102 common carp fish were collected from fish farms located in the area of the Abbasia, Najaf, Iraq, During six month of experimental period extended from 1st January to 1st July of 2016. The experimental period of current study was divided into two periods (three month each), first period was started from 1st January to 1st April and the second period was started from 1st April to 1st July . liver samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification, with histopathological examination. Pathogenic agents were isolated and identified by using culture media (Nutrient agar, Salmonella -Shigella agar, MacConkey agar , pseudomonas agar and EMB agar), biochemical tests and Api20 test for confirmation.Result of this study showed differences between the bacterial isolates in first period from bacterial isolates in second period. The results of bacterial isolates in the first period were (E.coli 23.5%, Enterobacter 21.6% and Aeromonashydrophila 7.8% for the months January, February and March ) , while results of the bacterial isolates in the second period were (E. coli 35.3%, klebseliaoxytoca 15.7%, Salmonella Spp 3.9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.8% , K.pneumonia 9.8%). Histopathological results show Vaculation, necrosis and nuclear condensation were observed in hepatocytes of effected livers. In conclusion, According to the results obtained in this study, we investigated that , the time period from April up to July pathogenic agent ratio was more than pathogens agent ratio that was isolated in the months of January, February and March. Keywords: common carp, Bacterial disease ,Aeromonashydrophila, live

Optimizing the drying conditions of date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) to conserve its phenolic content and antioxidants for preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea

This is the final version. Available from Springer via the DOI in this record. Data availability: All data supporting this study are included in this manuscript.Date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) fruits are a good source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants. Drying can increase the shelf life of the fruit and its applications in the food development industry. Optimizing the drying conditions can help to produce prime-quality dried date plum fruits and conserve nutrients including phytochemicals. This study used a two-factor graphics-optimal design to optimize convective drying considering the air velocity and drying temperature of date plum fruits. The independent factors considered included drying temperature (43.78–86.21 °C) and air velocities (0.54–1.96 m/s), and the responses included total phenolic content (TPC), total favonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of date plum fruit. The optimized drying conditions (68 °C and 1.75 m/s) resulted in desirable TPC, TFC, FRAP, and DPPH values. The fndings indicated that long drying time at low temperatures signifcantly decreased the phenolics and antioxidants. Date plum tea with diferent decoction times (5, 10, and 15 min) was prepared from fruits dried at optimum conditions. A decoction time of 5 min resulted in the highest catechin, vanillic, epicatechin, syringic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside content, which were 2.45±0.04, 11.06±0.11, 22.03±0.11, 12.95±0.08, and 9.37±0.10 mg/L; respectively. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion revealed that the tea product can be a source of highly bioaccessible (>80%) gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. Applying optimized drying conditions to dehydrate date plum fruit can be useful in preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea