A MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CITY: CASE OF CORDOBA

From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area and thus, they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and construction, city government, the socio-economic construction, architectural and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that the European urbanization and its product Renaissance in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun’s thoughts. From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area and thus, they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and construction, city government, the socio-economic construction, architectural and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that the European urbanization and its product Renaissance in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun’s thoughts.&nbsp

STRIKING NOVEL MULTI-MISMUTATIONS ON GNAS1, FGF23 AND FGFR3 GENES IN CKD WITH SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (SH) AND SAGLIKER SYNDROME (SS): A COMBINATION OF BONE DISPLASIAS, CKD, SH

WOS: 000489485800075

Serum Levels of Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Patients with Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke

Trace elements are essential components of biological structures, but alternatively, they can be toxic at concentrations beyond those necessary for their biological functions. Changes in the concentration of essential trace elements and heavy metals may affect acute hemorrhagic stroke. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of essential trace elements [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg)] and heavy metals [cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)] in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty-six patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and 29 healthy controls were enrolled. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (UNICAM-929) was used to measure serum Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Mn and Mg concentrations. Serum Cd, Pb and Fe levels were significantly higher in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke than controls (p 0.05). We first demonstrate increased Cd, Pb, and Fe levels; and decreased Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn levels in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. These findings may have diagnostic and prognostic value for acute hemorrhagic stroke. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke