Detekcija enterotoksigene bakterije Staphylococcus aureus u sirovom i pasteriziranom mlijeku

The aim of this study was to investigate staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by ELISA, and detect the five classical sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes by real-time PCR in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw and pasteurized milk samples. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 98 out of 100 raw milk samples, and in 6 out of 100 pasteurized milk samples. On further biochemical tests, S. aureus was isolated in 48 samples (48%) of raw milk (n=100) and in one sample (1%) of pasteurized milk (n=100). Ten (10%) out of 100 raw milk samples were positive for at least one enterotoxin, and the most frequently observed SE was SEA (10%), followed by SEE (7%) and SEB (6%), but none of the isolates were positive for SEC and SED. At least one of the SEs gene types (sea, seb, sec, sed, see) was detected in 45 (93.8%; 45/48) S. aureus isolates from raw milk samples. sec, sea, seb, sed, and see genes were observed in 56.2%, 39.5%, 31.2%, 29.1% and 14.5% of strains respectively. The enterotoxin genes were the single type in 21 (46.7%) of the 45 isolates, there were two in 15 (33.3%), three in six (13.3%), four in two (4.4%), and one (2.2%) in all gene regions. The SE gene was not detected in the S. aureus (n=1) isolate from pasteurized milk. As a result of this study, the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk was revealed, and it was pointed out that these SEs may contribute to cases of staphylococcal foodborne poisoning (SPF).Cilj je bio u izolatima bakterije Staphilococcus aureus iz sirovog i pasteriziranog mlijeka pomoću ELISA testa istražiti enterotoksine stafilokoka (SEs) te uporabom PCR-a u stvarnom vremenu provjeriti prisustvo pet gena, sea, seb, sec, sedi i see. Bakterija Staphylococcus spp. izolirana je iz 98 od 100 uzoraka sirovog mlijeka i iz 6 od 100 uzoraka pasteriziranog mlijeka. Daljnjim je biokemijskim testiranjem S. aureus izolirana iz 48 uzoraka (48%) sirovog mlijeka (n=100) i iz jednog uzorka (1%) pasteriziranog mlijeka (n=100). Ukupno je 10 uzoraka (10%) od 100 uzoraka sirovog mlijeka bilo pozitivno na barem jedan enterotoksin, a najčešći je enterotoksin bio SEA (10%), zatim SEE (7%) i SEB (6%). Ni jedan od izolata nije bio pozitivan na SEC i SED. Najmanje je jedan tip gena za enterotoksine (sea, seb, sec, sed, see) otkriven u 45 izolata (93,8%, 45/48) S. aureus iz uzoraka sirovog mlijeka. Gen sec uočen je u 56, 2% sojeva, gen sea u 39,5% sojeva, gen seb u 31,2% sojeva, gen sed u 29,1% sojeva i gen see u 14,5% sojeva. Geni za enterotoksine pronađeni su kao pojedinačan tip u 21 od 45 izolata (46,7%), dva od 15 izolata (33,3%), tri od šest izolata (13,3%), četiri od dva izolata (4,4%) i jedan (2,2%) u svim regijama gena. Gen za enterotoksin nije pronađen u izolatu S. aureus (n=1) iz pasteriziranog mlijeka. Ovo je istraživanje pokazalo da se enterotoksigena bakterija S. aureus nalazi u sirovom mlijeku, pri čemu je naglašeno da enterotoksini mogu pridonijeti trovanju hranom uzrokovanom stafilokokima (SPF)

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia involving occipital bone: a case report and review of literature

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a progressive systemic bone tumour of young and it can be seen on cranial  bones. FD is divided into three types according to radiological features. The second most common  subtype is polyostotic subtype. With this article, we aimed to review and present clinical features, radiological examination, differential diagnosis and treatment management of a case of solitary  monostotic fibrous dysplasia of occipital bone. 15 years old female patient admitted to our hospital for a bump and in the back of his head that she  noticed 1 month ago. Her physical and neurological examination was normal. On cranial CT examination we detected a bony defect. Her gadolinium enhanced cranial MRI revealed bony defect along with massive  gadolinium enhancement in adjacent tissue. On histopathologic examination; PANCK, CD68, CD1a were found negative and CD45, S-100, Vimentine were found positive. Ki-67 was 4,8%. In conclusion, fibrous dysplasia is a progressive bone disease of the young patients. Despite its resemblance to a benign lesion by not being symptomatic it can progress and cause severe bony defects and skin lesions. Total surgical resection is  necessary and sufficient for total treatment.Key words: Fibrous dysplasia, cystic, cranial, monostotic, occipital, traum

Intradural Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Lumbar Spine: A Distinctive Case Report

Background. Solitary fibrous tumors are ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasms of putative fibroblastic origin. They were originally described in the pleura but subsequently have been reported in many extraserosal sites. Solitary fibrous tumors may also occur in the meninges, central nervous system parenchyma, and spinal cord. Case. A 67-year-old male patient with progressive lower extremity weakness, urinary urgency, and sexual dysfunction has been admitted to our hospital. On his lumbar MRI, we detected an intradural lesion posterior to the L3 vertebral corpus. We resected the lesion by L3 total laminectomy. Immunohistological findings revealed strong and diffuse immunopositivity with vimentin, CD34, and bcl-2. Ki-67 proliferation index was 5–8%. We did not detect any recurrence 12 months after his operation. Conclusion. SFT is mostly seen in young and middle-aged patients and should be considered among differential diagnosis in cases suffering from pain, hypoesthesia, and urinary dysfunction. Gross total resection should be primary treatment. Tumors that have high Ki-67 labeling should be followed up for potential recurrences

Spinal Intramedullary Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Objective. Breast cancer accounts for approximately one-third of all cancers in females. Approximately 8.5 % of all central nervous system metastases are located in the spinal cord. These patients have rapidly progressing neurological deficits and require immediate examination. The aim of surgery is decompression of neural tissue and histological evaluation of the tumor. In this paper, we present a case of breast cancer metastasis in thoracic spinal intramedullary area which had been partially excised and then given adjuvant radiotherapy. Case. A 43-year-old female patient with breast cancer for 8 years was admitted to our hospital with complaints of weakness in both legs. Eight years ago, she received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On her neurological examination, she had paraparesis (left lower extremity: 2/5, right lower extremity: 3/5) and urinary incontinence. Spinal MRI revealed a gadolinium enhancing intramedullary lesion. Pathologic examination of the lesion was consistent with breast carcinoma metastasis. The patient has been taken into radiotherapy. Conclusion. Spinal intramedullary metastasis of breast cancer is an extremely rare situation, but it has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Microsurgical resection is necessary for preservation or amelioration of neurological state and also for increased life expectancy and quality

Comparison of adjacent segment degeneration in patients using cervical cage and disc prosthesis in anterior cervical surgery

Aim: To examine the prevalence of adjacent segment degeneration associated with the use of cages and disc prostheses in patients who underwent cervical disc surgery via an anterior cervical approach. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 patients who underwent cervical disc surgery via an anterior cervical approach at our clinic between 2018 and 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of implant used: those with a cervical cage (Group 1) and those with a cervical disc prosthesis (Group 2). Patients' demographic and clinical details, including age, gender, smoking habits, follow-up durations, and any additional comorbid diseases, were recorded. Radiological evaluations focused on degeneration rates in the segments adjacent to where either the cage or disc prosthesis was implanted. Results: In the study comparing two groups, participants' average ages were 48.9 in Group 1 and 48.1 in Group 2 (p=0.720). Group 1 had a higher proportion of smokers (p=0.052) and more discopathy (p=0.196). In terms of disc degenerations, variations existed but were not statistically significant (p=0.259). Utilizing the Pfirrmann grading, Group 1 had more Grade III degeneration (p=0.088) and a significantly higher presence of ossification or osteophytes (p=0.038). Both groups showed high rates of adjacent segment degeneration, yet Group 1 had notably more proximal degeneration (p=0.012). Stenosis and facet hypertrophy differences were not significant (p=0.417, p=0.071). Follow-up duration averaged around 38 months for both groups (p=0.929). Conclusions: No substantial difference in the overall incidence of adjacent segment degeneration between the two procedures. Nevertheless, further large-scale and long-term studies are essential to draw comprehensive conclusions regarding the optimal surgical intervention for cervical disc ailments

Spinal Intradural Hematoma and Permanent Paraparesis after a Lumboperitoneal Shunt Operation: An Unusual Complication

Pseudotumor cerebri is a condition of increased intracranial pressure in the absence of clinical, laboratory or radiological pathology. Spinal intradural hematoma formation after lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) implantation is very rare, but it can cause sudden and serious deterioration. In this report, we present a patient who developed an intradural hematoma following LPS operation. A 27-year-old male patient suffering from headaches and progressive vision loss was diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri. He underwent LPS operation in January 2009. Four hours after the operation, he developed urinary and fecal incontinence with paraparesis (1/5). Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging identified an intradural hematoma at the level of L2-L3, and he was reoperated. The intradural hematoma was removed. Physical therapy was started because of paraparesis. Two months later, the patient's muscle strength had increased to 3/5. Surgeons must remember that, LPS implantation can cause a spinal intradural hematoma in a small percentage of patients, with catastrophic results

A Study of Complexation-ability of Neutral Schiff Bases to Some Metal Cations

The constants of the extraction equilibrium and the distribution fordichloromethane as an organic solvent having low dielectric constant of metal cations withchiral Schiff bases, benzaldehydene-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanol (I), o- benzaldehydene-(S)-2-hydroxybenzaldehydene-(S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propanol (II),amino-3-methylbutanol (III) with anionic dyes [4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol mono sodiummonohydrate (NaPar), sodium picrat (NaPic) and potassium picrat (KPic)] and some heavymetal chlorides were determined at 25 oC. All the ligands have given strongestcomplexation for NaPar. In contrast, similar behaviour for both alkali metal picrates is notapparent in the complexation of corresponding ligands

Partial molar appearance of the placenta in trisomy 13.

Although molecular studies have shown that more than 90% of partial moles are secondary to diandric triploidy, there are some rare cases with tetraploidy or unspecified aneuploidies. We diagnosed 3 cases of partial mole presentation during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy with multiple fetal abnormalities. In all 3 cases, cytogenetic studies showed trisomy 13, We present the cases and discuss the clinical and pathological aspects of the conditions presented as partial moles. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel