Characterization of Non-Derivatized Cellulose Samples by Size Exclusion Chromatography in Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride/Dimethylsulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO)

International audienceThis paper deals with the use of tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethylsulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) to characterize the molar mass distribution of non-derivatized cellulosic samples by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Different cellulose samples with various average degree of polymerization (DP) were first solubilized in this solvent system, with increasing TBAF rates, and then analyzed by SEC coupled to a refractive index detector (RID), using DMSO as mobile phase. The Molar Masses (MM) obtained by conventional calibration were then discussed and compared with suppliers’ data and MM determined by viscosimetry measurements. By this non-classic method, molar mass of low DP samples (Avicel® and cotton fibers) have been determined. For high DP samples (α-cellulose and Vitacel®), dissolution with TBAF concentration of 10 mg/mL involved elution of cellulose aggregates in the exclusion volume, related to an incomplete dissolution or the dilution of TBAF molecules in elution solvent, preventing the correct evaluation of their molar mass

LGWP & HC Refrigerants Solubility Tests Performed in Running Scroll Compressor

This paper presents the results of investigations on Low Global Warming Potential refrigerants and R290 solubility with different lubricants. Solubility impacts a lot the final lubricant-refrigerant mixture reaching the bearing lubricant inlet and in the same way can impact compressor reliability on wet vapor flowing back to compressor inlet Experimental data, measured in operating compressors, are compared to static steady state values coming from PVT plots. R407C and R410A, two well-known HFC refrigerants, are added as a reference. This work highlights the differences between dynamic solubility (tests performed in a compressor) and static solubility (from PVT plots). A comparison of the impact on the dynamic solubility has been done when a steering feature is added. This work allows us to define the best compromise between different lubricants in these new applications

Détection d'arcs électriques séries par analyse temps-fréquence et traitement morphologique

- Les arcs électriques séries peuvent endommager gravement les installations électriques, voire provoquer des incendies. Cet article décrit une méthode de détection des arcs séries basée sur l'analyse de la dérivée du courant. Une Représentation Temps-Fréquence (RTF) de ce signal (spectrogramme glissant) permet de mettre en évidence des motifs caractéristiques des arcs séries. Un traitement morphologique simple permet d'extraire les motifs d'arcs de la RTF et de quantifier l'importance du phénomène sous la forme d'un « degré de présence d'arc série »

LOLINA MARTINÓN DE CARNAVAL [Material gráfico]

ÁLBUM FAMILIAR CASA DE COLÓNCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

A Conceptual Framework and a Suite of Tools to Support Crisis Management

This article aims at describing an approach to support crisis management. The main idea is to use an original vision of Big-Data to manage the question of collaboration issues in crisis response. On the one hand, this article introduces a general framework that structures the methodology applied in our approach. This framework includes several technical and business dimensions and embeds scientific results that are presented in this article or have been described in previous articles. On the other hand, the resulting implemented suite of tools is also presented with regards to the conceptual framework. Finally, in order to emphasize all the main features described in this article, both the framework and the suite of tools are illustrated and put into action through a scenario extracted from a real exercise

Study of Viscoelastic Effect on the Frequency Shift of Microcantilever Chemical Sensors (journal article)

Microcantilevers coated with a chemically sensitive layer are increasingly being used in chemical detection systems. The sensitive coating, often a polymer, absorbs specific molecules, which can be detected by monitoring the shift in the mechanical resonant frequency. Usually. the frequency shift resulting from molecular absorption is interpreted as a mass loading effect. However, mass loading is not the only effect that has an impact on the frequency shift; the viscoelastic properties of the sensitive coating also are affected by the sorption process. Sorption-induced modulus changes are typically difficult to characterize. However, it is known that the sorption of analyte molecules in a polymer coating results in the plasticization of the coating. In most cases, the polymer becomes more rubbery with increasing concentration of analyte molecules, i.e., the coating becomes softer with increasing loss modulus, and the storage modulus decreases. Using a new analytical model developed for the resonant frequency expression of a hybrid microcantilever (elastic base and viscoelastic layer), the effects of the modification of the storage and loss moduli of the sensitive layer on the resonant frequency are examined. The main conclusion of this analytical study is that, even if the sensitive coating moduli are small compared to the base cantilever\u27s Young\u27s modulus, the effect of the change in the viscoelastic coating properties could contribute significantly to the overall frequency shift (8-23% in the simulations depending on the coating thickness, with even higher contributions for other sets of problem parameters

One-step microwave synthesis of palladium-carbon nanotubes hybrids with improved catalytic performance

7 páginas, 7 figuras, 3 tablas.-- El pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print.A fast and easy one-step linker-free approach for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticle/multiwall carbon nanotube (Pd-NP/MWCNT)hybrid materials is described using microwave irradiation for the effective decomposition of Pd2dba3 complex in the presence of MWCNTs. High loadings of Pd nanoparticles (up to 40 wt.%) having sizes between 3 and 5 nm are deposited on the surface of MWCNTs within a time of only 2 minutess. The Pd-NP/MWCNT materials serve as efficient catalysts in C-C coupling as well as in hydrogenation reactions, all characterized by high conversion rates using a small amount of catalysts, high turnover frequency values and good recyclbility.Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under projects CTQ2008-01784 and MAT2007-66927-C02-01, and the Gobierno de Aragón (DGAPI086- 08) is gratefully acknowledged. M.C. thanks MICINN for her Grant No. BES-2008-003503.Peer reviewe

Modélisation par Eléments Finis d'une Ligne à Retard à Ondes de Love

Les microcapteurs acoustiques à ondes de surface ont largement démontré leurs performances pour détecter des composés chimiques et biologiques en milieux gazeux et liquides. Plus précisément, les dispositifs à onde de Love font l’objet d’une attention particulière en raison de leurs bons résultats en milieux liquides notamment. La conception de ces dispositifs nécessite une phase de modélisation et de simulation indispensable à leur mise en œuvre opérationnelle. Cependant, à ce jour, en raison de la complexité de ces dispositifs, la plupart des modèles présentés simulent quelques caractéristiques de propagation de l’onde. La vitesse de phase est plus particulièrement calculée afin de permettre l’estimation de la sensibilité à l’effet de masse des capteurs. Nous proposons dans cette communication d’aller au-delà des modélisations classiques en présentant l’utilisation d’un logiciel à éléments finis pour un dispositif à ondes de Love. Nous présentons ainsi une modélisation globale permettant l’estimation d’un large champ de paramètres lors du fonctionnement du dispositif. Les premiers résultats seront présentés et analysés. Les perspectives et potentialités de l’utilisation de ce logiciel pour les capteurs à ondes de Love seront également abordées

Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping

The conversion of CO2 into desirable multicarbon products via the electrochemical reduction reaction holds promise to achieve a circular carbon economy. Here, we report a strategy in which we modify the surface of bimetallic silver-copper catalyst with aromatic heterocycles such as thiadiazole and triazole derivatives to increase the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon molecules. By combining operando Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy with electrocatalytic measurements and analysis of the reaction products, we identified that the electron withdrawing nature of functional groups orients the reaction pathway towards the production of C2+ species (ethanol and ethylene) and enhances the reaction rate on the surface of the catalyst by adjusting the electronic state of surface copper atoms. As a result, we achieve a high Faradaic efficiency for the C2+ formation of approximate to 80% and full-cell energy efficiency of 20.3% with a specific current density of 261.4 mA cm(-2) for C2+ products. Strategies to systematically tune CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products are of high interests. Here the authors report electron withdrawing functional group alters the reaction pathway towards C2+ products by adjusting the oxidation state of surface copper.D.V., K.Q., and H.L.W. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 804320). L.L., D.V., and H.L.W acknowledge the use of TEM instrumentation provided by the Nation Facility ELECMI ICTS (`Division de Microscopia Electronica', Universidad de Cadiz, DME-UCA). L.L. acknowledges funding from the Andalusian regional government (FEDER-UCA-18-106613), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 823717-ESTEEM3), and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (PID2019-107578GA-I00). K.Q. and Y.Z. acknowledge financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633127) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310602). J.L. acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808134). We thank Soleil Synchrotron and Andrea Zitolo for allocating beamtime at beamline Samba within the proposal 20200732