Validity of the Iranian Version of Health Utility Index Mark 3 Quality of Life Questionnaire

Background: The aim of this study was to standardize and develop the health utility index III (HUI3); quality of life questionnaire. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran. Method: Forward-backward translation method was applied in order to translate the Canadian version into Persian. The final version was developed after modifications. Double stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling were respectively used for population and patients. A total of 511 healthy people in 15 regions of Esfahan/Iran and 51 patients suffering from cardiovascular disease completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha and interclass correlation coefficient were used for testing the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of population was 32.8 ± 11.3 years and the mean age of patients was 48.8 ± 6.2 years. The assessment of Interclass Correlation Coefficient of the tool in patients after two weeks in all eight questions ranged from 0.76 to 1 (ICC=0/91) that shows its high reliability. In addition, the average score in Alfa Cronbach was 0.68. Content validity of the questionnaire was 0.82. Differentiability of the test shows that a higher quality of life can be affected by male gender, higher education, low age, and employment In addition, the utility result of quality of life indicates a significant difference in the quality of life of patients compared with the general population (p = 0.004) Conclusion: The results showed a translated version is valid, reliable and applicable in medical sciences studies and can be used to Persian language

Validity of the Iranian Version of Health Utility Index Mark 3 Quality of Life Questionnaire

Background: The aim of this study was to standardize and develop the health utility index III (HUI3); quality of life questionnaire. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran. Method: Forward-backward translation method was applied in order to translate the Canadian version into Persian. The final version was developed after modifications. Double stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling were respectively used for population and patients. A total of 511 healthy people in 15 regions of Esfahan/Iran and 51 patients suffering from cardiovascular disease completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha and interclass correlation coefficient were used for testing the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of population was 32.8 ± 11.3 years and the mean age of patients was 48.8 ± 6.2 years. The assessment of Interclass Correlation Coefficient of the tool in patients after two weeks in all eight questions ranged from 0.76 to 1 (ICC=0/91) that shows its high reliability. In addition, the average score in Alfa Cronbach was 0.68. Content validity of the questionnaire was 0.82. Differentiability of the test shows that a higher quality of life can be affected by male gender, higher education, low age, and employment In addition, the utility result of quality of life indicates a significant difference in the quality of life of patients compared with the general population (p = 0.004) Conclusion: The results showed a translated version is valid, reliable and applicable in medical sciences studies and can be used to Persian language

Barriers to student research from the perspectives of nursing, health, and medical sciences students: A cross-sectional study

Background: Research is a key prerequisite for professional development in medical sciences. There is limited authoritative information about the barriers to student research. Objective: The objective of this study was done to identify barriers to student research from the perspectives of nursing and medical science students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 2017, on 250 students randomly selected among nursing, medicine, and paramedic and health sciences students. A researcher-made, barriers to student research questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained 32 items on personal, organizational, educational, environmental, technical, and quality- and result-related barriers to student research. The possible total score of the questionnaire and its subscales was 1-5. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and the independent-samples t-test. Results: There were barriers in all domains; however, respectively, the most important barriers to student research were environmental (3.70 ± 0.72), technical (3.59 ± 0.6), quality- and result-related (3.29 ± 0.67) barriers. More educational barriers to research were reported by nursing students and those with less previous experience in research activities (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In order of importance, the barriers to student research are environmental, technical, quality- and result-related barriers. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of providing students with necessary facilities and counseling in the area of research

Development of a Model for Predicting Heart Attack Based on Fog Computing

Introduction: Various studies have demonstrated the benefits of using distributed fog computing for the Internet of Things (IoT). Fog computing has brought cloud computing capabilities such as computing, storage, and processing closer to IoT nodes. The new model of fog and edge computing, compared to cloud computing, provides less latency for data processing by bringing resources closer to users. This is essential for delay-sensitive applications such as remote healthcare and provides more reliable services. In this study, a fog-based system was proposed to monitor the condition of heart patients. Method: This study was a developmental-applied one. A set of data relevant to coronary heart patients available in the machine learning data repository of the University of California Irvine was used for evaluation. In this system, each of the heart patient's symptoms is evaluated based on the normal range in the fog layer and the status of the patient is determined. In this layer, requests are prioritized based on the number of symptoms that are out of the normal range. The efficiency of the proposed system was evaluated in terms of network usage time, latency, and response time. Results: The system presented in this study led to the improvement of network usage time by 23.77%, reduction of latency by 23.71%, and enhancement of response time by 32.95%. Conclusion: Using the priority queue to prioritize requests at the fog layer reduces the response time to emergency requests

One-Pot, Sequential Four-Component Synthesis of Benzo[<i>a</i>]chromeno[2,3-<i>c</i>]phenazine Derivatives Using SiO₂–SO₃H as an Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst Under Conventional Heating and Microwave Irradiation

<p>Silica sulfuric acid (SiO₂–SO₃H) has been used as an effective and reusable solid catalyst for the one-pot, two-step, four-component microwave-assisted synthesis of benzo[a]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, o-phenylenediamine, aldehydes, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. This new procedure has a number of advantages such as: high yields, very short reaction time, operational simplicity, simple work-up procedures and avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts, and organic solvents and is devoid of inessential derivatization and generation of hazardous substances. Moreover, the catalyst shows high thermal stability and can be recovered and reused without loss of reactivity.</p

Synthesis of Functionalized γ-Spiroiminolactones through a One-Pot Three-Component Reaction of Isocyanides, Acetylenic Esters, and 6<i>H</i>-Indeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyrido[3,2-<i>e</i>]pyrazin-6-one

<p>A new and efficient isocyanide-based one-pot multi-component reaction has been described for the synthesis of novel ?-spiroiminolactone derivatives. Products were obtained by a three-component condensation reaction between isocyanides with acetylenic esters which was trapped with 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one (aromatic ketone) in CH2Cl2 without use of any catalyst or activator in excellent yields.</p