AKTUALISASI SPIRIT ISLAM NUSANTARA DAN ISLAM BERKEMAJUAN, DUA INSTRUMEN PENANGKAL ARUS RADIKALISASI PENEGAK NEGARA DEMOKRASI

The emergence of radical notions in the ideology of the Ummah is a public phenomenon that must be eradicated from the minds of mankind, because this understanding can present a negative impact that can disturb the condition of social people which lead to acts of terrorism. This action occurs because the majority of radical groups tend to respond to religious normative texts in a written manner without any further analysis, so that there is a stagnation of the interpretations in their mindset. Indonesia itself is one of the countries that adopts the notion of democracy as a principle of citizenship and constitutionality, but on the other hand the unity of Indonesian is weak and vulnerable to radical understanding which is increasingly attacking the solidarity of the country's integration. This can be seen by reflecting on the active actions of religious radicalization and terrorism in Indonesia which have been ongoing, especially entering the early 21st century. Therefore, in response to the presence of phenomenology, the author tries to present a counteractive response as an antithetical refutation of the argument. That is an effort to counteract the radical notion, the author tried to explain the views of two major assemblies of Muslim organizations in the country, namely NU with the spirit of Islamic Nusantara and Muhammadiyah with Islamic Spirit Progressing (Islam Berkemajuan), by using paradigm- comparative analysis method between both of them. Where the results are found that both are indigenous products, which is where Islam Nusantara is a spirit that tends to ukhuwahwataniyah as a multicultural people while Islam progresses towards social modernism. With the final conclusion, the two spirits did not at all mention the negative radicalist doctrines, but explicitly oriented to the movement of tolerance, moderation and contextualization which led to the upholding of democratic values in the Indonesian country. 

Antimicrobial stewardship: need of the hour

Efforts to tackle the global threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) have recently taken shape in a number of potentially far-reaching collaborative initiatives. When microbes become resistant to medicines, the options for treating the diseases they cause are reduced. This resistance to antimicrobial medicines is happening in all parts of the world for a broad range of microorganisms with an increasing prevalence that threatens human and animal health. The direct consequences of infection with resistant microorganisms can be severe, including longer illnesses, increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay, loss of protection for patients undergoing operations and other medical procedures, and increased costs. Antimicrobial resistance affects all areas of health, involves many sectors and has an impact on the whole of society. To overcome the threat of antimicrobial resistance, a three-pillar approach has been advocated i.e. Optimize the use of existing antimicrobial agents, prevent the transmission of drug-resistant organisms through infection control and Improve environmental decontamination. Antimicrobial stewardship [AMSP] is one of the key strategies to overcome resistance. It is an inter-professional effort, across the continuum of care, involves timely and optimal selection, dose and duration of an antimicrobial for the best clinical outcome for the treatment or prevention of infection with minimal toxicity to the patient and minimal impact on resistance and other ecological adverse events

Length-weight, Condition factor and gonadosomatic index of blackspot snapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskal, 1775) (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the northern Persian Gulf

The present study aimed to evaluate the length-weight and Length-length relationships as well as the condition factor and gonadosomatic index of the Blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma in the northern Persian Gulf, Hormozgan Province, Iran. The specimens were collected monthly from April 2016 to March 2017. The size (TL, total length; FL, fork length; SL, standard length) were measured and weighted (BW, total body wet weight). A total of 446 individuals were analyzed. The TL-BW relationship indicated isometric growth pattern in both sexes. In females, the means for condition factor was higher than males. In both sexes, the lowest value of both condition factor and gonadosomatic index were detected in autumn with ascending trend in the next seasons reaching the peak in spring. The oscillation in condition factor, as well as gonadosomatic throughout the sampling year, was most prominent in females which may be related to the reproductive cycle. The information reinforces data to define fishing closed seasons in this important fish that is used in many places in the world

Antimicrobial utilization pattern in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome positive septicemia: a prospective study in an apex hospital in South Delhi

Background: Despite significant advances in critical care, mortality and morbidity in severe sepsis and septic shock remain high, this may be explained by the fact that in sepsis bacterial infection triggers the innate immune response, setting in motion a cascade of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines leading to what we recognize as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). It has been thought that this self-propagating cascade drives the progression to severe sepsis and septic shock with increasing degrees of cellular injury and end-organ dysfunction, therefor early initiation of empirical antimicrobial agent is crucial and life-saving atleast in high risk patient. This study aimed to see the outcome (recover or mortality) of patients diagnosed by using SIRS criteria.Methods: Total of 105 patients of suspected sepsis fulfilling SIRS criteria (SIRS ≥2), were included in study. Study population were administered appropriate empirical antimicrobial depending on the source of infection and followed till the final outcome (complete recovery or death).Results: Out of 105 patients included in study based on SIRS criteria, 87 (82.85%) were confirmed to be having septicemia on further evaluation. In majority of patient primary source of infection were respiratory tract (44.76%) and most commonly employed and effective empirical antimicrobial were a combination piperacillin with tazobactum and amikacin (40%). 92.39% patients recovered with empirical antimicrobial, with total in-hospital mortality rate of 7.61%.Conclusions: Early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial by using SIRS as an indicator for the early diagnosis of septicemia is crucial in the management of septicemia and prevention of development of severe sepsis, septic shock

Deterministic model approaches in identifying and quantifying technological challenges in rice production and research and in predicting population, rice production and consumption in Malaysia

In general, rice production and sufficiency is the main concern to all Asian countries in currently facing the ever growing population and climatic uncertainties. The consumption in Malaysia relies largely on the locally produced (70%) and imported (30%) rice for years. The price hike of this staple food, which can be categorized as a security food crop with an annual production of 1.6 million tons (beras) yielded from about 650,000 ha of the harvested paddy irrigated- and non-irrigated growing areas nationwide, could possibly be expensive to the lower-income consumers. With “no further reduction” in the modelled per capita rice consumption (82.3 kg/person/ year) versus the increasing population, various efforts must be made in term of research and technological advancement, increased cropping hectarage, as well as active extension program to increase the production of rice for consumption, self-sufficiency and more importantly, for having strong rice stock-file accumulation. Based on the data gathered from the past 27-years (1980 – 2007), the deterministic mathematical models of the Malaysian population, rice per capita consumption and five rice yield models versus years (1980 – 2007 and 2008 – 2030) were developed and predicted. The proposed model was based on the national average yields over the years and the model could be used to predict the yield ‘close’ to the nation’s rice production in the years ahead. The data on the crop cutting test or survey were used for comparison purposes. With the derivatives of the yield models, the quantitative technological advancement indexes were used in identifying the research objective, scope and areas, as well as in quantifying the contribution of crops and their management-related technologies in the past, present and predicted technological performances in rice production. To reach sufficient rice production at a relatively faster rate, the scope of the research’s objective should be based on the high yield model, in which the averaged yield could reach 13.4 t/ha in the year 2030. The priority order of the research areas would be irrigation/water > crop establishment-related management > sustainability of the existing management technology > large plot production-related adaptive studies (technological uniformity studies) > continual varietal improvement. The local released varieties are ecologically suited to the Malaysian rice growing areas, where varietal development and improvement are generally time consuming. With the current planted hectareage, coupled with the inclusion of the planned additional 100,000 ha (assumed to be staggered), as planned by the Ministry of Agriculture and with the conversion of the non-fully to fully irrigated areas by 2012, the Malaysian rice self-sufficiency is predicted to be observed/achieved in 2012. The ‘modified higher-order polynomial’ yield model which was conditioned with the scope of the above research objective and the area priorities predicts the rice production of 2.0, 4.4 and 9.1 million t/ha in 2010, 2020 and 2030, respectively. With the modelled minimum per capita consumption (82.3 g/person/year) and the predicted population of 29.3 (2010), 36.7 (2020) and 45.7 million (2030), the respective consumption, surplus and self-sufficiency would be 2.4, 3.0 and 3.8 million tons, -0.4, 1.3 and 5.3 million tons and 83, 144 and 241%, respectively. The surplus could then be used for the stock-pile accumulation and export

NFC based inventory control system for secure and efficient communication

This paper brings up this idea of using Near Field Communication (NFC) for inventory control system instead of using traditional barcodes. NFC because of its high security, ease of use and efficiency can be very suitable for systems like inventory control. In traditional inventory control systems, each product has a barcode pasted on it, which is vulnerable to attacks as barcodes are open and have no security. Furthermore, barcodes are prone to damages and can be unreliable when pasted on different types of products e.g. hot and frozen products, circular shaped products and irregular shaped products like clothes etc. NFC on the other hand is very efficient, secure and reliable when it comes to short-range wireless communication. In this paper we will present our prototype for the inventory control system of an electronic store in which each product has a passive NFC tag pasted to it. When a customer buys a product the receipt of the product is generated using NFC between the NFC passive tag on the product and NFC enabled device (e.g. smart phone or reader) at the cash counter

Hematological changes in patients of chronic renal failure and the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CRD) is a global public health problem, where slowly progressive deterioration in kidney function lead to numerous hematological and biochemical dysfunction which further make the patients vulnerable to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality if appropriate measures is not taken for their control. The aim of present study was to find out the common hematological dysfunction that may occur in the patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) and in the process of dialysis and suggest appropriate measures for their management.Methods: Forty-two patient with CRF and on regular maintenance dialysis and 40 healthy adults were recruited into the study. Hemoglobin concentration, total red cell count, total white blood cell count and platelet count and ESR were assessed for the subjects and controls. Results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version.Results: showed that the RBC count, hemoglobin levels and platelets counts are significantly reduced in the patients of chronic renal failure and the process of hemodialysis further decreases the level of all the above mentioned hematological parameters whereas there is slight increase in total leucocyte count but significant increase in ESR was detected.Conclusions: Chronic renal failure is associated with different degrees of abnormality in hematological parameters that needs careful evaluation and management

Tajik Persian: Readings in History, Culture and Society

This project was funded by KU Libraries’ Parent’s Campaign with support from the David Shulenburger Office of Scholarly Communication & Copyright and the Open Educational Resources Working Group in the University of Kansas Libraries.Tajik Persian: Readings in History, Culture and Society seeks to help students develop reading proficiency in Tajik at advanced level through authentic texts written for native speakers and provides them glimpses into the history, culture and society of Tajikistan without losing its focus on cultural aspects of the country—an aspect that constitutes a core component in the second language acquisition. The book can be adopted by instructors as a supplementary or the main textbook for advanced-level courses

Identification of anti-inflammatory compound/compounds in hexane fraction of Jatropha curcas root extract

Jatropha curcas is a medicinal plant with many therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, anti-cancer and antioxidant. The root extract has been shown to possess high anti-inflammatory activity. Previously, the compounds responsible for this activity have not been fully elucidated. Two fractions (Fraction 1 and Fraction 2) obtained from a preparative HPLC of the root extract showed significant anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells with Fraction 1 giving higher nitric oxide (NO) inhibition compared to Fraction 2 and L-NAME. Further purification steps involving column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and analytical HPLC of Fraction 1 produced two fractions labeled as Fraction A and Fraction B. Both fractions showed anti-inflammatory activity without cytotoxic activity in RAW 264.7 cells. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that Fraction A contained a group of 18 carbon fatty acid compounds consisting of 2 oxooctadecanoic acids; 15, 16 dihydroxy 9Z, 12Z octadecadienoic acid; octadecadienoic isomer and 15,16 dihydroxy 9Z, 12Z octadecadienoic acid, 15S, 16S. The 18-carbon fatty acid structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. The IC₅₀ value of compounds in Fraction A for anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cell line was 434.8±0.75 µg/mL. From the analysis, it can be concluded that Fraction A can be classified under 18 carbon long chain fatty acid group based on LC MS/MS and NMR analysis. This active compound shows an inhibition towards NO activity

Anti-inflammatory activity of Jatropha curcas extracts

The Jatropha curcas plant or locally known as “pokok jarak” has been widely used as remedies for various conditions including arthritis, gout, jaundice, wound and inflammation. In this study, the seed, leaves, stem and root of J. curcas plant were screened for anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide inhibition) and cytotoxic activities (MTT assay) by using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the methanolic extract of root. However, root extract showed high inhibition towards RAW 264.7 cells growth due to it cytotoxicity. Further extraction procedure by using four solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water) with different polarities was conducted on the root sample. The hexane partition showed high anti-inflammatory activity, at the same time high cytotoxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells at 1 mg/mL. Analysis of this extract by GCMS showed the presence of high levels of terpenes and diterpenes which are known to possess cytotoxic activity. Fractionation process of the hexane partition using column chromatography gave five spots, where two spots (H-4 and H-5) showed anti-inflammatory activity and low cytotoxicity. The two spots showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid by GCMS analysis. This finding suggests that these two compounds are responsible for producing the anti-inflammatory activity of the J. curcas root