New Exact Jacobi Elliptic Function Solutions for Nonlinear Equations Using F-expansion Method

In this work, Jacobi elliptic function solutions for integrable nonlinear equations using F-expansion method are represented. KdV and Boussinesq equations are considered and new results are obtained.Key Words: Jacobi elliptic functions; F-expansion method; Solitary waves; Periodic solution

Antioxidant activities and flavonoid contents of selected plants belonging to Family Loranthaceae

The methanolic extract of three parasitic plants belonging to family Loranthaceae (Plicosepalus acacia, Plicosepalus curviflorus and Phragmanthera austro arabica) were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The free radical and nitrogen oxide scavenging abilities were evaluated using diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Griess reagent was used to determine the total antioxidant activity. The three extracts showed comparable activities. The three activities ranged from 18 to 56% of the activity of standard ascorbic. The total flavonoid contents were determined and calculated in terms of quercetin which was detected in all the examined extracts. The quercetin concentration was determined using high performance thin layer chromatography using CHCl3 : MeOH : glacial acetic acid (8.5: 1.5: 0.1) for development. The maximum sensitivity was obtained when the plates were scanned at 360 nm. The concentration of quercetin varied from 0.157 (P. austro arabica) to 0.062 g% (P. acacia) and P. curviflorus contained 0.115 g% w/w quercetin. All validation parameters were found to be satisfactory regarding accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantitation.Key words: Loranthaceae, antioxidant, spectrophotometry, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), flavonoids, quercetin, ascorbic acid

Geometry of Evolving Plane Curves Problem via Lie Group Analysis

The purpose of the present work is to construct new geometrical models for motion of plane curves. We have obtained nonlinear partial differential equations and have discussed the solutions of these equations using symmetry groups methods. Also, geometric interpretation for these solutions are given through the Gaussian and mean curvatures to the soliton surfaces attached to the solution of the evolving problem. Key Words: Motion of curve; Symmetry groups; Monge for

Perinatal Eexposure to Cadmium Affects Neurobehavioural Development and Anxiety -Like Behaviour in Rat Offspring

Abstract: Cadmium is a known industrial and environmental pollutant. The present study was conducted to assess the potential influence of maternal cadmium (Cd) exposure on postnatal development and neuromotor maturation in offspring rats. Moreover, locomotors activity and anxiety -like behavior was also monitored post weaning. Cadmium chloride in doses of 0 , 5, 50 mg / L was administered orally in drinking water to pregnant rats from the 7 th day of pregnancy till weaning of these pups at 30 days of age . All the females were allowed to deliver and wean their offspring. The pups were evaluated for physical development and neuromotor maturation (Reflexes). Also, open-field activity and anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM) were determined at weaning age of young rats. The results revealed that, birth weight of pups exposed to high doses of Cd was decreased relative to controls. A delay in some developmental landmarks (incisor eruption, vagina opening, testes descent) due to maternal cadmium exposure was also noticed pups. Moreover, a delay in neuromotor development (neonatal reflexes) and poor motor coordination was recorded in Cdcl 2 exposed neonates. Cadmium -exposed offspring showed hyperactivity in open field test presented by increased horizontal locomotion

Shorter sleep duration and better sleep quality are associated with greater tissue density in the brain

Poor sleep quality is associated with unfavorable psychological measurements, whereas sleep duration has complex relationships with such measurements. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between microstructural properties of the brain and sleep duration/sleep quality in a young adult. The associations between mean diffusivity (MD), a measure of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and sleep duration/sleep quality were investigated in a study cohort of 1201 normal young adults. Positive correlations between sleep duration and MD of widespread areas of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the dopaminergic systems, were identified. Negative correlations between sleep quality and MD of the widespread areas of the brain, including the PFC and the right hippocampus, were also detected. Lower MD has been previously associated with more neural tissues in the brain. Further, shorter sleep duration was associated with greater persistence and executive functioning (lower Stroop interference), whereas good sleep quality was associated with states and traits relevant to positive affects. These results suggest that bad sleep quality and longer sleep duration were associated with aberrant neurocognitive measurements in the brain in healthy young adults

Chemical Profiling of Significant Antioxidant and Phytotoxic Microwave-Extracted Essential Oil from Araucaria heterophylla Resin

Due to the various hazards of using synthetic chemical compounds in pharmaceutics, agriculture, and industry, scientists and researchers do their best to explore and assess new green natural compounds from natural resources with potent activity. The essential oil (EO) from the resin collected from Araucaria heterophylla Salisb. was extracted by the microwave technique and chemically characterized via GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the extract EO was assessed for its antioxidant and phytotoxic activities. The EO has 33 compounds, mainly terpenes (98.23%), and the major compounds were α-pinene (62.57%), β-pinene (6.60%), germacrene D (5.88%), and β-caryophyllene (3.56%). The extracted EO showed substantial antioxidant activity, where it showed IC50 values of 142.42 and 118.03 mg L−1 for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. On the other hand, the EO revealed considerable phytotoxicity against the weed Chenopodium murale, where the EO showed IC50 values of 304.0, 230.1, and 147.1 mg L−1, for seed germination, seedling shoot growth, and seedling root growth, respectively. Moreover, the EO showed the same pattern of allelopathic inhibition against the weed Sonchus oleraceus, where it showed IC50 values of 295.7, 224.5, and 106.1 mg L−1, for seed germination, seedling shoot growth, and seedling root growth, respectively. The present study showed that the extraction technique affects the constituents of the EO, particularly the quantitative composition. The EO of A. heterophylla resin also revealed considerable antioxidant and phytotoxic activity against weeds. Therefore, it can be considered a promising natural resource that could be integrated into the weed management approach. However, further study is recommended for deep characterization of their authentic compounds and evaluation of their mode of action(s) on a wide spectrum of weeds

Bacterial Diseases Affecting the Cultured Sepia Officinalis Leading to Increase Mortality Rates in The Laboratory

The early growth, mortality rates and bacterial infections of the cultured Sepia Officinalis were experimentally studied in the laboratory. Two hundred eighty five sepia larvae were hatched and placed in a 100 liter capacity rectangular glass aquarium (filled with seawater) in the laboratory. The Sepia individuals (285 individuals) were divided into two groups the first fed on a mixture of amphipods, rotifers and artemia and the second group fed only on amphipods to follow their growth and mortality. The second group was observed to grow faster with length 6.76 ± 0.06mm and weight 0.11 ± 0.01gm than the first one. The survival rate was 100% by the end of the first week and decreased gradually by the end of thesecond week. The recorded mortality rate reached 49% by the day 15th, where they infected with bacterial disease of Vibrio alginolyticus. The clinical signs of the diseased S. Officinalis were lethargic condition, food fasting and multiple skin ulcers with white-gray discoloration were observed and appeared on the body. The main post mortem lesions were congestion of the internal organ, beside the presence of ascetic fluid. The mortality among the diseased Sepia was increased by age; however it may causes death of most individuals by increasing time more than two weeks. The findings of antibiotic sensitivity test cleared that the isolated V. alginolyticus was sensitive to amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulanate), streptomycin, ciprofloxacin and chlormphinicol. Controversially, it was resistant to oxytetracycline, tobramycin, gentamycine and enrofloxacin.Keywords: Sepia Officinalis - growth rate - mortality rate - bacterial infection

Bacterial Diseases Affecting the Cultured Sepia Officinalis Leading to Increase Mortality Rates in The Laboratory

The early growth, mortality rates and bacterial infections of the cultured Sepia Officinalis were experimentally studied in the laboratory. Two hundred eighty-five sepia larvae were hatched and placed in a 100-liter capacity rectangular glass aquarium (filled with seawater) in the laboratory. The Sepia individuals (285 individuals) were divided into two groups the first fed on a mixture of amphipods, rotifers and artemia and the second group fed only on amphipods to follow their growth and mortality. The second group was observed to grow faster with length 6.76 ± 0.06mm and weight 0.11 ± 0.01gm than the first one. The survival rate was 100% by the end of the first week and decreased gradually by the end of the second week. The recorded mortality rate reached 49% by the day 15th, where they infected with bacterial disease of Vibrio alginolyticus. The clinical signs of the diseased S. Officinalis were lethargic condition, food fasting and multiple skin ulcers with white-gray discoloration were observed and appeared on the body. The main postmortem lesions were congestion of the internal organ, beside the presence of ascetic fluid. The mortality among the diseased Sepia was increased by age; however, it may cause death of most individuals by increasing time more than two weeks. The findings of antibiotic sensitivity test cleared that the isolated V. alginolyticus was sensitive to amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulanate), streptomycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Controversially, it was resistant to oxytetracycline, tobramycin, gentamycin and enrofloxacin

Eugenia supra-axillaris Essential Oil and Its Nanoemulsion: Chemical Characterization, In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Activities

The use of standard synthetic medications to treat inflammatory illnesses is associated with several negative effects. It has been shown that medicinal plants and their by-products are useful for safely treating inflammation. Herein, the essential oil of Eugenia supra-axillaris (family: Myrtaceae, ESA-EO) was isolated and further chemically characterized by GC-MS, and then, its nanoemulsion (ESA-EO-NE) was prepared. In addition, the anti-inflammation against the carrageenan-induced rats, the analgesic, and antipyretic activities of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE were evaluated in rats. Forty-three compounds were identified via GC-MS and categorized as mono- (61.38%) and sesquiterpenes (34.86%). d-limonene (32.82%), α-pinene (24.33%), germacrene-D (4.88%), α-humulene (4.73%), α-cadinol (3.39%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.15%) represented the main components. The administration of ES-EO and ES-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) demonstrated strong, dose-dependent inflammation inhibition capabilities in the model of rat paw edema, in comparison with both the reference drug and control. Reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased levels of glutathione (GSH), and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in paw tissues all contributed to these substantial reductions in inflammation. Moreover, the oral administration of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited potent analgesic and antipyretic activities in rats. Although the higher dose of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg) displayed delayed anti-inflammatory activity, they have long-lasting inflammation inhibition with fast onset and long-standing analgesic effects better than reference drugs. Furthermore, the most effective antipyretic efficacy was provided by ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg). These results provide insight into the possible therapeutic application of ESA-EO and its nanoemulsion against various inflammatory and painful illnesses as well as hyperthermia ailments