Hydrodynamic behaviour in liquid-liquid flow system: bench scale study

The purpose of this study is to determine hydrodynamic properties of liquid-liquid systems between ethanol and palm oil. The fundamental characteristics of dispersed phase are essentially controlled by Sauter diameter and coalescence rate. Droplets of oil in ethanol phase were dropped several. Besides, size of droplets and dropping velocity were measured. From the average, the Sauter diameter is 0.002m with 0.73m/s velocity under gravitational force. Ethanol is potentially to be dispersed phase in agitated environment as compared to the palm oil. Other than that, several phase ratios were also mixed under vigorous stirring (700 rpm) for 20 minutes before settling process taking place. The times of settlement shows that, at the high oil ratio the appearance of emulsion become significant. This implies that the emulsion although may create ultimate contact between phases and it might also have mass transfer hindrance to the liquid-liquid system because dynamic density

Child Social Welfare Institution Participation in the Implementation of Good Governance

The application of the principles of good governance is not only limited to ministries and government agencies or central and regional government levels. The application of good governance needs to be extended to non-governmental social institutions such as children's social welfare institutions. Sejati  Orphanage of Muhammadiyah Rappang is one of the social welfare institutions of children in South Sulawesi, founded by H. ismail Ambo Mariama since 1950 as a form of social concern for the massacre known as the 40,000 victims in December 1949 in South Sulawesi. This research  aims to determine the level of participation and application of the principles of good governance in the orphanage. This research uses quantitative descriptive method by describing the two variables using the Likert scale and examining the relationship between the two variables using linear regression analysis. Samples is 30 was taken from 150 populations. The results show that the level of participation and application of the principles of good governance are included in the excellent category. While the level of participation influences 42.2 percent of the application of the principles of good governance. This shows that the application of the principles of good governance in social institutions is easier compared to other institutions

Fraction decision confusion – a case study among 13-year old students / Noraini Noordin, Fadzilah Abdol Razak and Nooraini Ali

Abstract— If one uses mental computation in an estimation procedure, there will be a previous selection of simple numbers to be operated on mentally. This choice of numbers will bring about approximate answers, thus, this implies that a close relationship exists between estimation and mental computation. A study was conducted in 2010 on 385 students from four selected colleges in the North Zone of Malaysia to assess the estimation and computation abilities of 13-year old students. These students had prior exposure to fractions at primary schools. Students were asked to respond to items on a Computation Test and an Estimation Test followed by a Probing Interview. The Computation and Estimation Tests have similar stem items. Analysis of the responses to the Computation and Estimation Tests was done using Rasch Measurement Model. Among issues investigated in the study was fraction confusion decision. This paper discusses the estimation problems student face when they compare fractions to another number. Items 2, 3 and 6 on the Computation Test were selected for analysis. Responses to all these three items demonstrated that majority of the students were able to convert fractions to decimal numbers, and vice versa. Majority of the selected students were also able to demonstrate their computational estimation ability by using prior knowledge on counting on or counting back sequence to decide which among the given decimal numbers in Item 3 was larger than 4 150/1000. However, responses to Items 2 and 6 indicated that students were confused. This impeded their judgments in deciding which among the given improper fractions in Item 2 was nearest to 10, and which among the given sums of fractions in Item 6 was nearest to 5. In terms of hierarchy of difficulty, Item 6 caused the most confusion to the students

IR-UWB Radar Sensor for Fine Human Motion Detection

Fine human motion detection in contact-less manner based on radar technology is increasingly appealing research efforts among researchers and one of the promising approach that have garnered research momentum in recent years is IR-UWB radar. IR-UWB radar is a kind of radar sensor that was developed from combining UWB and radar technology. Being a technology that offers unique capability of penetrability, high temporal resolution, low power consumption and emits non-ionizing electromagnetic waves, IR-UWB radar sensor is an encouraging fusion of radar and UWB technology that can be leveraged into many useful extensive number of application. In this paper, a preliminary study of detecting fine human motion using IR-UWB radar sensor is presented where a system model based on the IR-UWB radar sensor operation on fine human motion detection is described. For testing, this work employs a right hand and fingers. Based on the tests, the movement of right hand and fingers can be discriminated accurately at a distance of between 5cm to 10cm with minor occurrence of noises

Handling mixed numbers on a number line – a problem among lower secondary students / Noraini Noordin, Fadzilah Abdol Razak and Nooraini Ali

Primary school Mathematics curriculum dictates that students will be taught to look at fractions in three different forms: proper fractions, improper fractions and mixed numbers beginning Year 3 at primary schools. Based on their four-year exposure to fractions at primary school, students should be able to determine equal intervals on a structured number line. Using the part-whole approach to interpret fractions, students will normally break up the distance between two points on the number line into equal number of parts to represent equal intervals. In a previous study done to assess the conceptual understanding of fractions among secondary students, there were three items involving students handling fractions that attracted our attention, i) item involving naming proper fractions on a number line, given two reference points, 0 and 1; ii) item involving placing a mixed number on a number line, given two consecutive proper fractions as reference points and iii) item involving naming two fractions A and B placed an interval distance to the right of the first and second reference points, respectively. Estimation is a process that needed preliminary selection of simple numbers to be worked on mentally and this choice of number will help in approximating the results. There were few shortcomings on the part of the students in the estimation processes that they went through. As a result, the previous study indicated students facing difficulties as they progressed through from items i) to iii). There is a need to understand this phenomena, thus, these three items were included as items in the Probing Interview for the current study which was conducted on random samples of students from selected colleges in the North Zone of Malaysia. It is hoped that these findings will shed some information on fraction confusion that interfered with their estimation and computation abilities

A Weighted Least Squares Consideration for IR-UWB Radar based Device-Free Object Positioning Estimation for Indoor Environment

Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radar is a type of radar functioning based on UWB transmission technology that uses an exceedingly wide bandwidth low power impulse signal to continuously transmitting and receiving the impulse signal for object detection within a range. To date, most of the proposed Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission technology-based object positioning estimation systems for indoor environment depends on objects to be attached with an active UWB devices. In certain circumstances, it is ideal to track objects in passive manner without the requirement of any attached tracking devices or device-free object positioning estimation. IRUWB radar has shown promising utilization in realizing device-free object positioning estimation for indoor environment. With this motivation, in this paper a work on weighted least squares consideration for IR-UWB radar-based device-free object positioning estimation for indoor environment is presented

Some biological aspects of four marine fish species in Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf

The study described some biological characteristics of four commercially important fish species in Iraqi marine waters including Planiliza klunzengeri, P. subviridis, Acanthopagrus arabicus and Otolithes ruber from February 2020 to January 2021. The length and weight of individual fish caught were measured. The length-weight relationships were W= 0.027L2.715 for P. klunzengeri,  W= 0.034L2.670 for P. subviridis,  W= 0.030L2.867 for A. arabicus and W= 0.023L2.755 for O. ruber, and all species indicated negative allometric growth. The lower values of the relative condition factor (Kn) were found at the mid-lengths of P. klunzingeri and P. subviridis, and the large individuals for A. arabicus and O. ruber. Scales were used for age determination and measurements, and the back-calculated lengths-at-ages were calculated using the body proportional formula. Asymptotic total lengths (L∞) estimated were 29.6, 32.8, 44.9 and 70.6 cm for P. klunzengeri, P. subviridis, A. arabicus and O. ruber, respectively. These results could assist in fisheries management for the sustainable exploitation of these commercially important species in Iraqi marine waters

The motives behind the deception and propaganda used by the elite & political leaders: a Qur’anic – mass communication perspective

Propaganda has been one of the main issues and hot topics in Human Sciences that is of great concern in our contemporary world. The Elite and the Political leaders through the ages used all sorts of deceptions, manipulation and disinformation not only to propagate their agendas but also for easy control of the masses. Undoubtedly, there are many reasons for that. But what are the main motives behind such dirty tricks and tactics? This study is an attempt to answer the abovementioned question and to shed light on the role the elite and the political leaders play in deceiving the public. It is extremely important for the Muslims of all generations to be familiar with all sorts of deceptions and propaganda adopted by the elite and the overbearing political leaders so as to avoid being trapped and being misled by them. The scope of the study will be the Qur‟anic perspective pertaining to the motives behind deception and propaganda used by the elite & the political leaders in deceiving the masses. To address the problem under study, three research methods shall be adopted; namely: descriptive, analytical, historical and, to some extent, comparative methods. This new attempt of its kind is considered to be an integrated Qur‟anic-Mass Communication study