Identities involving 3-variable Hermite polynomials arising from umbral method

In this paper, we employ an umbral method to reformulate the 3-variable Hermite polynomials and introduce the 4-parameter 3-variable Hermite polynomials. We also obtain some new properties for these polynomials. Moreover, some special cases are discussed and some concluding remarks are also given. © 2020, The Author(s)

Clinicoradiological correlation of infarct patterns on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in stroke

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) represents a major advance in the early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. It can detect edema due to ischemia in the brain tissue. It not only establishes the presence and location of ischemic brain injury but also a relatively new concept is the determination of infarct patterns seen on diffusion imaging and its clinical correlation. Objective To determine the frequency of various infarct patterns and their relationship with functional outcome of the patient. Materials and methods A total of 108 patients with acute stroke were enrolled by purposive sampling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained with departmental protocol and diffusion-weighted sequences. The clinical data was collected from medical records and functional outcome was assessed at the time of admission using Barthel Index (BI) which was dichotomized into poor and favorable outcomes. The radiological data was collected and three infarct patterns (cortical, subcortical, and territorial infarcts) were recorded from diffusion-weighted images. Association of other risk factors such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia, and smoking were also evaluated. Results Amongst the three infarct patterns, subcortical infarcts were noted with the highest proportion of 62% (67/108). The highest proportion of territorial infarcts (78.6%) was significantly associated with a poor outcome in comparison to cortical and subcortical infarcts. Cortical infarcts (61.5%) were significantly associated with good outcomes followed by subcortical and then territorial infarcts (p-value \u3c 0.002). Amongst the risk factors, HTN was found to be highly prevalent followed by diabetes mellitus (DM). Conclusion Subcortical infarct pattern was the most common, followed by territorial and cortical infarct. The highest proportion of infarct pattern with good outcomes was seen with cortical infarcts followed by subcortical and then territorial infarct pattern. HTN and coronary artery disease (CAD) were the effect modifiers showing significant association with poor outcomes

Expectations in a Marriage Proposal: A Gender-Based Comparison in Pakistan

To determine the differences in expectations of males and females regarding marriage proposals. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Karachi. Young people aged between 18 and 45 years were enrolled in the study. An online questionnaire was circulated through a convenience sampling technique. Our sample had 456 participants with n=294 64.5% females. N=387 84.9% were between 18-25 years of age. N=292 64% did not have a preference regarding spouse’s skin tone but n=269 59.0% preferred a taller spouse. Body type was a considerable factor for n=227 49.8%. N=309 67.8% preferred their partner to have a job, own a business and have a career. Love marriage was preferred by n=194 42.5%. Majority of the sample (58.1%) did not have a preference in terms of ethnicity but n=193 42.2% wanted a spouse from the same sect, denomination or caste. N=357 78.3% were against dowry. 52% of the participants said their choices were influenced by societal norms and culture to some extent. Four most important personality traits in a potential spouse were loyalty (75.7%), respect (62.7%), maturity (49.3%) and honesty (46.5%). The findings of this study are reflective of our community and culture as the majority of individuals are under societal influence. Moreover, their preference in traits emphasizes mutual understanding as opposed to physical characteristics. An adequate understanding of an individual's expectations from a marriage proposal decreases the risk of psychological distress associated with the relationship

Fekete-Szegö Problem of Functions Associated with Hyperbolic Domains

In the field of Geometric Function Theory, one can not deny the importance of analytic and univalent functions. The characteristics of these functions including their taylor series expansion, their coefficients in these representations as well as their associated functional inequalities have always attracted the researchers. In particular, Fekete-Szegö inequality is one of such vastly studied and investigated functional inequality. Our main focus in this article is to investigate the Fekete-Szegö functional for the class of analytic functions associated with hyperbolic regions. Tofurther enhance the worth of our work, we include similar problems for the inverse functions of these discussed analytic functions

Monitoring of particulate matter concentrations at high altitude ecosystems of Pakistan and China

Particulate matter exhibits different behavior with altitude. A comparative analysis was carried out to monitor PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10 and PMTotal at elevations above 3000 m in both China and Pakistan. Real time monitoring of PM was carried out at both sites using a DustTrak DRX (model 8533, TSI Inc.) for 24 hours each. In Pakistan, the average value of PMTotal was 415 ± 16 μg/m3 while in China the value was considerably lower i.e. 110 ± 57 μg/m3. The 24-hour mean values recorded were well above the WHO recommended limit of 25 μg/m3. These results indicate that, even at sites some distance from anthropogenic sources, PM concentrations still pose a health risk

Changes in particulate matter concentrations at different altitudinal levels with environmental dynamics

Ambient air quality is defined not only by the source strength but a variety of meteorological parameters as well. In the current study, ambient concentrations of PM along with temperature and relative humidity levels were monitored at seven different locations of Pakistan. A DustTrak DRX (Model 8533, TSI Inc.) was employed for twenty four hours real time monitoring of particulate matter at the selected sites. A considerable variation was observed in the 24 hour trend of particulate matter (PM) at different locations owing to variation in meteorological conditions due to different altitudes and seasons, and natural and anthropogenic sources in the vicinity. The highest average concentrations of PM2.5 (407μg/m3 were observed at highest elevation (Makra Peak, Shogran, 3089 m) while lowest averages (102 μg/m3) were obtained at the seaside (Hawks Bay, Karachi, 0 m).On the other hand PMTotal fraction exhibited highest levels at site B (506 μg/m3) and lowest at Site A (121 μg/m3).Correlation factors were determined for PM and meteorological parameters at each location. More research needs to be conducted to have a comprehensive knowledge about the physical parameters controlling particulate dispersal at different altitudes within the country

Seasonal variation of particulate matter in the ambient conditions of Khanspur, Pakistan

Concentrations of particulate matter tend to vary with shifting seasons. Levels of particulate matter were monitored during the summer and winter season in Khanspur, a high altitude tourist resort in Pakistan. A DustTrak DRX (Model 8533, TSI Inc.) and Kestrel 4500 Pocket Weather Tracker (Nielsen- Kellerman) were installed at selected site in Khanspur and run for 24 hours. During summer the 24- hour average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10 and PMTotal were 96 ± 26.42, 106± 29.02, 118± 33.3, 163± 52.5 and 209 ± 79.5 μg/m3 while these were considerably lower during the winter season for the same size fractions (62 ± 48.6, 63± 49.3, 63 ± 49.5, 65.33 ± 50.06 and 66.96 ± 50.78μg/m3). A one way ANOVA was applied on the obtained data and it was concluded that seasons have a substantial impact upon PM concentrations. Moreover, this study provides evidence that seasonal variation of particulate matter is influenced by meteorological parameters

Role of Flavonoids as Wound Healing Agent

Flavonoids are found as the most abundant bioactive compounds all around the world. It is found in a number of medicinal plants that are used as wound healing agents in traditional medicinal uses such as Buddleja globosa, Moringa oleifera, Lam, Butea monosperma, Parapiptadenia rigida and Ononis spinosa. Flavonoids nowadays are being used in different formulation and wound healing dressings. Inflammation, proliferation and reepithelialization are involved in wound healing. Most of the wound healing medicinal plants possess multiple flavonoids that act as synergistic effect or combined effect. This chapter briefly reviews the role of flavonoids as wound healing agent in traditional and modern medicine

Changes in particulate matter concentrations at different altitudinal levels with environmental dynamics

Ambient air quality is defined not only by the source strength but a variety of meteorological parameters as well. In the current study, ambient concentrations of PM along with temperature and relative humidity levels were monitored at seven different locations of Pakistan. A DustTrak DRX (Model 8533, TSI Inc.) was employed for twenty four hours real time monitoring of particulate matter at the selected sites. A considerable variation was observed in the 24 hour trend of particulate matter (PM) at different locations owing to variation in meteorological conditions due to different altitudes and seasons, and natural and anthropogenic sources in the vicinity. The highest average concentrations of PM2.5 (407 mu g/m(3)) were observed at highest elevation (Makra Peak, Shogran, 3089 m) while lowest averages (102 mu g/m(3)) were obtained at the seaside (Hawks Bay, Karachi, 0 m). On the other hand PMTotal fraction exhibited highest levels at site B (506 mu g/m(3)) and lowest at Site A (121 mu g/m(3)). Correlation factors were determined for PM and meteorological parameters at each location. More research needs to be conducted to have a comprehensive knowledge about the physical parameters controlling particulate dispersal at different altitudes within the country

Enhanced methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of wheat straw rice straw and sugarcane bagasse: A kinetic analysis

Future energy and environmental issues are the major driving force towards increased global utilization of biomass, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lignocellulosic residues are abundant in Pakistan. The present study investigated the best-mixed proportion of mechanically pretreated lignocellulosic residues i.e., wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS), bagasse and wheat straw (BAWS), bagasse, and rice straw (BARS), bagasse, wheat straw, and rice straw (BAWSRS) through anaerobic co-digestion. Anaerobic batch mode bioreactors comprising of lignocellulosic proportions and control bioreactors were run in parallel at mesophilic temperature (35 degrees C) for the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5 and 2.5. Maximum and stable biomethane production was observed at the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5, and the highest biomethane yield 339.0089123 NmLCH4/gVS was achieved by co-digestion of wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS) and lowest 15.74 NmLCH4/gVS from bagasse and rice straw (BARS) at 2.5 substrates to inoculum ratio. Furthermore, anaerobic reactor performance was determined by using bio-kinetic parameters i.e., production rate (Rm), lag phase (lambda), and coefficient of determination (R2). The bio-kinetic parameters were evaluated by using kinetic models; first-order kinetics, Logistic function model, Modified Gompertz Model, and Transference function model. Among all kinetic models, the Logistic function model provided the best fit with experimental data followed by Modified Gompertz Model. The study suggests that a decrease in methane production was due to lower hydrolysis rate and higher lignin content of the co-digested substrates, and mechanical pretreatment leads to the breakage of complex lignocellulosic structure. The organic matter degradation evidence will be utilized by the biogas digesters developed in rural areas of Pakistan, where these agricultural residues are ample waste and need a technological solution to manage and produce renewable energy.Web of Science1113art. no. 606