4,519 research outputs found
In Search of Dilution Solution: Implementation of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act
Symposium: The New World of Intellectual Propert
Western in the 1980\u27s
When one is asked to write on the development of one\u27s faculty over a decade, the most difficult part of the task is simply to determine where to begin. After some thought, I came to the conclusion that the most appropriate starting point is the statement of the objective that appears in the Dean\u27s Message contained in our Calendar. We state that our objective is to offer students a liberal education through the critical study of legal and related materials in preparation for the private practice of law, for government service and for kindred vocations. In short, we wish to provide an educational setting that emphasizes learning about law, rather than simply learning the law. This statement will be the focal point of this article
Buyer power in U.K. food retailing: a 'first-pass' test
Habtu Weldegebriel, University of Warwick
Abstract
The potential existence of buyer power in U.K. food retailing has attracted the scrutiny of the U.K.'s anti-trust authorities, culminating in the second of two comprehensive regulatory inquiries in recent years. Such inquiries are authoritative but correspondingly time-consuming and costly. Moreover, detection of buyer power has been dogged by the paucity of reliable evidence of its existence. In this paper, we present a simple theoretical model of oligopsony which delivers quasi-reduced form retailer-producer pricing equations with which the null of perfect competition can be tested using readily available market data. Using a cointegrated vector autoregression, we find empirical results that show the null of perfect competition can be rejected in seven of the nine food products investigated. Though not conclusive on the existence of buyer power, the proposed test offers a means via which the behaviour of the retail-producer price spread is consistent with it. At the very least, it can corroborate the concerns of the anti-trust authorities as to whether buyer power is potentially one source of concern
The Extended IRTF Spectral Library: Expanded coverage in metallicity, temperature, and surface gravity
We present a spectral library of 284 stars observed with the
medium-resolution infrared spectrograph, SpeX, at the 3.0 meter NASA Infrared
Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Maunakea, Hawaii. This library extends the
metallicity range of the IRTF Cool Star library beyond solar metallicity to
[Fe/H] . All of the observed stars are also in the MILES
optical stellar library, providing continuous spectral coverage for each star
from . The spectra are absolute flux calibrated using Two Micron
All Sky Survey photometry and the continuum shape of the spectra is preserved
during the data reduction process. Synthesized colors agree with
observed colors at the level, on average. We also present a spectral
interpolator that uses the library to create a data-driven model of spectra as
a function of , , and [Fe/H]. We use the library and interpolator
to compare empirical trends with theoretical predictions of spectral feature
behavior as a function of stellar parameters. These comparisons extend to the
previously difficult to access low-metallicity and cool dwarf regimes, as well
as the previously poorly sampled super-solar metallicity regime. The library
and interpolator are publicly available.Comment: Accepted to ApJS. The website making the data publicly available will
be available soon. For those interested in the meantime, contact the first
autho
Non-Linearity Corrections and Statistical Uncertainties Associated with Near-Infrared Arrays
We derive general equations for non-linearity corrections and statistical
uncertainty (variance) estimates for data acquired with near-infrared detectors
employing correlated double sampling, multiple correlated double sampling
(Fowler sampling) and uniformly-spaced continuous readout techniques. We
compare our equation for the variance on each pixel associated with Fowler
sampling with measurements obtained from data taken with the array installed in
the near-infrared cross-dispersed spectrograph (SpeX) at the NASA Infrared
Telescope Facility and find that it provides an accurate representation of the
empirical results. This comparison also reveals that the read noise associated
with a single readout of the SpeX array increases with the number of
non-destructive reads, n_r, as n_r^0.16. This implies that the {effective} read
noise of a stored image decreases as n_r^-0.34, shallower than the expected
rate of n_r^-0.5. The cause of this read noise behavior is uncertain, but may
be due to heating of the array as a result of the multiple read outs. Such
behavior may be generic to arrays that employ correlated or multiple correlated
double sampling readouts.Comment: 21 pages, accepted by PAS
Rapid parallel adaptation despite gene flow in silent crickets
The work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council awards to N.W.B. [NE/I027800/1, NE/L011255/1]. Bioinformatics support was provided by a Wellcome Trust ISSF award [105621/Z/14/Z]. X.Z. was supported by a China Scholarship Council PhD studentship [201703780018].Gene flow is predicted to impede parallel adaptation via de novo mutation, because it can introduce pre-existing adaptive alleles from population to population. We test this using Hawaiian crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) in which ‘flatwing’ males that lack sound-producing wing structures recently arose and spread under selection from an acoustically-orienting parasitoid. Morphometric and genetic comparisons identify distinct flatwing phenotypes in populations on three islands, localized to different loci. Nevertheless, we detect strong, recent and ongoing gene flow among the populations. Using genome scans and gene expression analysis we find that parallel evolution of flatwing on different islands is associated with shared genomic hotspots of adaptation that contain the gene doublesex, but the form of selection differs among islands and corresponds to known flatwing demographics in the wild. We thus show how parallel adaptation can occur on contemporary timescales despite gene flow, indicating that it could be less constrained than previously appreciated.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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