Energy efficiency-spectral efficiency trade-off of transmit antenna selection

We investigate the energy efficiency-spectral efficiency (EE-SE) trade-off of transmit antenna selection/maximum ratio combining (TAS) scheme. A realistic power consumption model (PCM) is considered, and it is shown that using TAS can provide significant energy savings when compared to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the low to medium SE region, regardless the number of antennas, as well as outperform transmit beamforming scheme (MRT) for the entire SE range. For a fixed number of receive antennas, our results also show that the EE gain of TAS over MIMO becomes even greater as the number of transmit antennas increases. The optimal value of SE that maximizes the EE is obtained analytically, and confirmed by numerical results. Moreover, the influence of receiver correlation is also evaluated and it is shown that considering a non-realistic PCM can lead to mistakes when comparing TAS and MIMO

On the Area Energy Efficiency of Multiple Transmit Antenna Small Base Stations

We analyze the area energy efficiency (AEE) of spatial multiplexing (SM) and transmit antenna selection (TAS), considering a realistic power consumption model for small base stations (BSs), which includes the power consumed by the backhaul as well as different interference attenuation levels. Our results show an optimum number of BSs for each technique that maximizes the AEE. Moreover, we also show that TAS has a larger AEE than SM when the demand for system capacity is low, while SM becomes more energy efficient when the demanded capacity is larger. Additionally, when the capacity demand and the area to be covered are fixed, the number of BSs needed to be deployed is smaller for SM than for the other techniques. Finally, the system performance in terms of AEE is shown to be strongly dependent on the amount of interference, which in turn depends on the employed interference-mitigation scheme, and on the employed power consumption model

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PANAS NORMALIZING TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK PADA BAJA TULANGAN DEFORM PASCA KEBAKARAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of normalizing treatment on tensile strength, yield stress and strain of reinforcing steel after fire. Normalizing treatment was carried out at a temperature of 800 ° C with a holding time of 25 minutes and compared the results of post fire reinforcing steel with after normalizing treatment. The goals of the normalizing process vary widely. Normalizing can increase or decrease the strength and hardness of steel, depending on the heat treatment and mechanical properties of the steel prior to the normalizing process. But in general the purpose of the normalizing process is to increase the machinability, grain-structure refinement, homogenization, and regulate or modify the residual stress that exists in steel. From the results of the tensile test after normalizing, the highest tensile strength value was obtained in the specimens cooled with water at 600 ° C at 597.85 N / mm² and the lowest value at 400 ° C with air at 443.9 N / mm². The largest yield stress value was at 600 ° C with water at 416.28 N / mm² and the lowest value at 800 ° C with air at 318.243 N / mm². The greatest value of strain was at 800 ° C with water at 31.66% and the smallest strain at 400 ° C with air at 21.67%

Aproximações entre Espinosa e Amálio Pinheiro: modos de conhecimento na América Latina

Neste trabalho, como já explicitado desde o título, empreendemos uma aproximação entre o pensamento de Espinosa (século XVII), expressado na Ética, e a obra teórica de Amálio Pinheiro. Nosso objetivo foi estabelecer relações entre os três gêneros de conhecimento propostos por Espinosa e os procedimentos de tradução barroquizantes e mestiços abordados por Amálio Pinheiro em seus textos. Em seguida, pautados no que descreve Pinheiro, defendemos que os afetos ativos de alegria, descritos por Espinosa como resultantes dos conhecimentos de segundo e de terceiro gêneros, já se encontram presentes na forma de produção de cultura dos povos latino-americanos. Trazemos ao debate o conceito de signo de Espinosa, como representação mutilada e confusa da realidade, e o de Pinheiro: imantado – na vozearia da natureza e dos povos – e relacional: atua também na dimensão dos códigos préverbais. Defendemos que é por meio do aumento da capacidade de sermos simultânea e multiplamente afetados e, também, da seleção dos afetos de alegria que podemos conhecer sem a mediação dos signos. Por operar aquém dos signos, tal conhecimento modifica as obras, de maneira que o contato com estas se dá mais pela apreensão do ritmo e dos afetos do que apenas pela interpretação. Nossa hipótese, portanto, é a de que o segundo e o terceiro gêneros de conhecimento propostos por Espinosa, em certa medida, já se efetuam, neste continente, nos modos de viver mestiços que se valem da tradução e da incorporação de múltiplos saberes, fazeres e sentires, sempre em consonância com a natureza, como nos diz Pinheiro. O corpus de nosso trabalho se constitui na análise, comparação, aproximação e por vezes entrelaçamento das obras dos autores acima citados, bem como na seleção e análise de exemplos da música popular e da literatura; composições em que, a despeito dos sujeitos que as produziram, as noções comuns (segundo gênero de conhecimento) e as essências singulares (terceiro gênero) insistem e subsistemIn this study, as already explained in the title, we performed an approximation between Espinosa’s ideas (17th century), expressed in his Ethics, and Amálio Pinheiro’s theoretical work. Our objective was to establish relationships among the three kinds of knowledge proposed by Espinosa and the baroque mestizo procedures for translation addressed by Amálio Pinheiro in his texts. Based on Pinheiro’s descriptions, we argue that the active affects of joy, which Espinosa described as resulting from the knowledge of the second and third kinds, are already present in the form of cultural production by Latin American people. We bring up to the debate the concept of Espinosa's sign, as a mutilated and confused representation of reality, and Pinheiro’s: magnetized – in the voice of nature and people – and relational: also acting in the dimension of pre-verbal codes. We argue that it is through the increase in the capacity to be simultaneously and multiply affected and, also, the selection of the affects of joy that we can know without the mediation of signs. As it operates underneath the signs, such knowledge modifies the works, so that the contact with them takes place by the apprehension of rhythm and affects rather than by interpretation only. Our hypothesis, therefore, is that the second and third kinds of knowledge proposed by Espinosa, to a relative extent, are already carried out, in this continent, in the mestizo ways of living that use translation and incorporation of multiple pieces of knowledge, practices and feelings, always in harmony with nature, as Pinheiro tells us. The corpus of our work comprises the analysis, comparison, approximation, and sometimes intertwining of the works of the mentioned authors, as well as the selection and analysis of examples of popular music and literature; compositions in which, despite the subjects who produced them, the common notions (second kind of knowledge) and the singular essences (third kind) insist and subsistCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPE

A PLURALIDADE CULTURAL NA PAISAGEM DE DIAMANTINA (MG): AÇÕES VALORATIVAS DA COMUNIDADE AO USO TURÍSTICO

O município de Diamantina localiza-se na mesorregião do Vale do Jequitinhonha, no Estado de Minas Gerais (MG), e abrange cinco distritos: Conselheiro da Mata, Extração, Medanha, São João da Chapada, Sopa e a Vila de Biribiri

Paisagens Turísticas: conexões ambientais e educacionais / Touristic Landscapes: environmental and educational connections

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas questões relacionadas à percepção, interpretação e valoração ambiental, correlacionadas às atividades turísticas, intrinsecamente associadas ao modo de ver, compreender e conservar o meio ambiente, mantendo as raízes socioculturais ou adaptando-as, sem descaracterizar as peculiaridades de suas paisagens no tocante às territorialidades que estas envolvem, fundamentando-se em métodos fenomenológicos. Como resultado, identificou-se que os recursos paisagísticos apreciados em seus aspectos pertinentes ao Turismo de Base Comunitária, simultaneamente, podem tornar-se recursos educativos por meio da educação ecológica. No sentido de valorar de maneira proativa o ambiente, auxiliando no entendimento multidimensional e multifuncional da paisagem.ABSTRACTThis article aims to present some issues related to perception, interpretation and environmental valuation, correlated to the touristic activities, intrinsically associated with the point of  view, the understanding and conservation of the environment, maintaining the socio-cultural roots or adapting them, without spoiling the peculiarities of its landscapes regarding the territorialities that they involve, based in phenomenological methods. As a result, it was found that the landscape resources valued in their aspects relevant to Based Tourism Community, simultaneously, can become educational resources through ecological education. In order to seek the processes of environmental proactive valuation assisting in the understanding and knowledge of the landscape, understood both in its multidimensionality and multifunctionality. Keywords: Landscape, Interpretation, Education, Tourism, Tourist Valuatio

Processos de criação e procedimentos de criação

 Our proposal is to analyze the works by Cecília Salles, Unfinished Gesture and Networks of Creation, in the light of what Espinosa presents in Ethics as the second and third genres of knowledge. The intention is to evaluate in which extent Salles' ideas about the processes of creation and Espinosa's ideas can be complementary. Our problem is to evaluate the processes of creation described by Salles and to place them along with Espinosa's genres of knowledge because they both embody aspects related to a theory of knowledge. Our hypothesis is that this movement is possible by the characteristics intrinsic to the descriptions developed by the authors. Our method is a free appropriation of Salles' concepts, as a demonstration of creative procedures, and later analysis of the mentioned works to conclude about their common ideas in some points and their complementarity.Nossa proposta é analisar as obras de Cecilia Salles, Gesto inacabado e Redes da criação, à luz do que Espinosa apresenta na Ética como sendo o segundo e o terceiro gêneros de conhecimento. A intenção é avaliar em que medida as ideias de Salles, sobre processo de criação, e de Espinosa podem ser complementares. Nosso problema se constitui em avaliar os processos de criação descritos por Salles e colocá-los lado a lado com os gêneros de conhecimento de Espinosa por ambos abarcarem aspectos relacionados a uma teoria do conhecimento. Nossa hipótese é de que esse movimento é possível pelas características intrínsecas às descrições desenvolvidas pelos autores. Nosso método é de apropriação livre dos conceitos de Salles, como demonstração de procedimentos criativos, e posterior análise das obras em tela para concluir por suas ideias comuns em alguns pontos e por sua complementaridade

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PANAS NORMALIZING TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK PADA BAJA TULANGAN DEFORM (BJTD) PASCA KEBAKARAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruhperlakuan normalizing terhadap kekutan tarik, tegangan yield dan regangan baja tulangan pasca kebakaran. Perlakuan normalizing dilakukan dengan suhu 800°C dengan holding time 25 menit dan membandingkan hasil baja tulangan pasca kebakaran dengan setelah perlakuan normalizing.Tujuan dari proses normalizing sangat bervariasi. Normalizing dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kekuatan dan kekerasan dari pada baja, bergantung pada perlakuan panas dan sifat mekanik dari baja sebelum dilakukan proses normalizing. Tetapi secara umum tujuan dari proses normalizing adalah untuk meningkatkan mampu mesin (machinability), grain-structure refinement, homogenisasi, dan mengatur atau memodifikasi residual stress yang ada pada baja.. Dari hasil pengujian tarik setelah normalizing diperoleh nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi pada spesimen yang didinginkan dengan airsuhu 600°C sebesar 597,85 N/mm² dan nilai terendah pada suhu 400°C dengan udara sebesar 443,9 N/mm². Nilai tegangan yield terbesar pada suhu 600°C dengan air sebesar 416,28 N/mm² dan nilai terendah pada suhu 800°C dengan udara sebesar 318,243 N/mm². Nilai regangan terbesar pada suhu 800°C dengan air sebesar 31,66 % dan regangan terkecil pada suhu 400°C dengan udara sebesar 21,67%