CRITICAL REVIEW OF HERBS ACTING ON PRANAVAHA SROTOVIKAR

The human body contains several channels through which the Doshas, Dhatus and Malas travel which are called as Srotamsi. There are thirteen Abhyantra srotamsi, each of which relates to specific organs, and are increased and vitiated by specific factors. Among thirteen Abhyantra srotas Pranavaha is one. Its main function is to provide the medium, through which Prana flows, which is governed by Vata. General causes of vitiation of Pranavaha Srotas include suppression of natural urges; seasonal, environmental, lifestyle and dietary patterns that are Ruksha, Sita in nature; exertion and exercise while hungry etc. they produce different symptoms like Kasa, Svasa, Hikka etc. Though Brihatrayeekaras have mentioned wide range of herbs for treatment of Pranavaha Sroto Vikaras, Charaka has mentioned around 30 drugs in 3 categories related to Pranavaha srotas i.e. Kasahara, Svasahara and Hikkahara Dasaimanis while Susrutha and Vagbhata has mentioned Svasa and Kasahara dravyas in Ganas like Surasadi and Vidarigandhadi ganas. Apart from these a lot of drugs are mentioned in their respective treatments. Among these the drugs like Sati, Puskaramoola, Abhaya, Trikatu, Brihati, Kantakari, Tamalaki, Tulasi are very frequently mentioned for the treatment of different Pranavaha Sroto vikaras. In the present paper research activities carried out around the world on different herbs used in the Pranavaha sroto vikaras are reviewed which will provide a scientific rationale of using them in Ayurveda

A Novel 2DOF Fractional Controller for Wind-Solar Integrated Power System

Power system is an integration of many power generating units with continuous load variation due to which the frequency of the power system changes. Using traditional proportional integral (PI) controllers, frequency transients are reduced, and with sufficient time delay zero steadystate error is obtained. In this proposed research article, a three-area thermal plant system with wind and solar photovoltaic power generating systems is considered. This integration of renewable system will lead to the frequency transients which has to be addressed seriously. To improve the frequency profile of this diverse-source interconnected power system, a novel two degree of freedom proportional fractional integral double derivative (2-DOF-PFIDD) controller is proposed. The integral square error (ISE) cost function is utilized to discover the best parameter gains of the proposed controller using the intelligent water drops algorithm (IWDs). The benefits of the proposed controller are evaluated using an IEEE-39 bus system with wind and solar photovoltaic (SPV) generation. Uncertainties in the wind and solar power system characteristics such as wind speed and irradiance are considered. Comparisons with typical proportional integral derivative (PID), two degree of freedom proportional integral derivative (2-DOF PID), and 2-DOF-PIDD controllers are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of proposed controller for improving the frequency and tie-line power profiles

MULTI-GIGABIT PATTERN FOR DATA IN NETWORK SECURITY

In the current scenario network security is emerging the world. Matching large sets of patterns against an incoming stream of data is a fundamental task in several fields such as network security or computational biology. High-speed network intrusion detection systems (IDS) rely on efficient pattern matching techniques to analyze the packet payload and make decisions on the significance of the packet body. However, matching the streaming payload bytes against thousands of patterns at multi-gigabit rates is computationally intensive. Various techniques have been proposed in past but the performance of the system is reducing because of multi-gigabit rates.Pattern matching is a significant issue in intrusion detection systems, but by no means the only one. Handling multi-content rules, reordering, and reassembling incoming packets are also significant for system performance. We present two pattern matching techniques to compare incoming packets against intrusion detection search patterns. The first approach, decoded partial CAM (DpCAM), pre-decodes incoming characters, aligns the decoded data, and performs logical AND on them to produce the match signal for each pattern. The second approach, perfect hashing memory (PHmem), uses perfect hashing to determine a unique memory location that contains the search pattern and a comparison between incoming data and memory output to determine the match. The suggested methods have implemented in vhdl coding and we use Xilinx for synthesis

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF DRUG AS A WHOLE

Drug is an independent variable and one among Pada Chatustaya. Successful treatment depends on the choice of appropriate dose and dosage form. Nowadays the advancement in science has led to the extensive use of extracts and isolated compounds. Principles of extraction are seen in the classical dosage forms where a suitable homogenous medium was used based on the type of the drug. Drugs having water-soluble fraction are used as Kwatha, those having fat-soluble fractions are used as Ghrita/ Taila and so on. Present day extracts are obtained by extracting herbal drug of certain particle size with suitable extraction medium. Ayurveda propounds the principles of Rasa Panchaka and attributes the actions of a drug to any one of the Rasa-Vipaka-Guna-Veerya-Prabhava where each component plays a specific role or a combined role. Hence a chemically isolated derivative may not serve the purpose and will produce adverse effects. Even-though drugs have got some active principles with which they work, they have some other fractions too, which counteract their bad effects, if any. Therefore Ayurveda advocates that drug should be used as a whole so that the desired effects may have without any side effects. Therefore, research works should be directed towards providing the use of whole drugs and find ways to potentiate the drugs as per principles of Ayurveda. This article highlights the importance of administration of drug as a whole rather than extracts or isolated phytochemicals.

FACILE SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL STUDIES, DFT CALCULATIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL NI (II), CU (II), AND PD (II) COMPLEXES OF THIADIAZOLE ANALOGS

Objective: A facile synthesis of some novel Schiff base derivatives of 2-substituted-5-amino-thiadiazoles along with their Ni (II), Cu (II), and Pd (II) complexes were achieved by sonication and the conventional method. In addition to establish the structure by DFT studies and to explore antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these novel compounds.Methods: The precursor 2-substituted-5-amino-thiadiazoles (T1-T3), target ligands and their metal complexes were synthesized by ultra-sonication and conventional means. The isolated products were thoroughly characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. All characterized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities using well diffusion method, and MTT assay was performed for cytotoxicity.Results: All novel compounds were synthesized by a green route i.e. ultra sonication and a noticeable improvement in yield with shorter reaction time than the conventional method were observed. The octahedral geometry was proposed for Ni (II)/Cu (II) complexes whereas square planar for Pd (II) complexes on the basis of the spectral techniques which were supported by DFT analysis by Gaussian03. On the analysis of antimicrobial activities, the compound T7 and T10 showed maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. However, compounds T25, T37, T31 found to be a potential cytotoxic compound with IC50 value 0.469, 0.865 and 1.131 μM respectively.Conclusion: Analysis of synthetic protocol, it could be concluded that ultra-sonication is the better method to synthesize these potential biological active moiety. On the whole Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes showed promising activity towards all microorganisms while Pd (II) complex emerged an excellent moiety in carcinoma cell line

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Ground Clearance Adjustment System

Vehicle ride comfort is one of the most important performances of vehicle; the research of automotive ride comfort is getting more and more important. In this paper is to design and develop a system that is “Automatic ground clearance adjustment system” to overcome this problem by adjusting the ground clearance over this particular time period. Automatic ground clearance adjustment system mainly consists of six major parts such as Chassis, D.C motor, Embedded Development board with Radio Frequency Modules (Encoder & Decoder) and micro controller, IR sensors, alarms, indicators and batteries. The average time required by the system to vary the ground clearance of the vehicle is two seconds. The cost of implementing this system is also low. By implementing “Automatic ground clearance adjustment system”, we can vary the ground clearance of the vehicle. So there is need of developing a system which can vary the ground clearance of the vehicle

Improving Phishing Website Detection with Machine Learning: Revealing Hidden Patterns for Better Accuracy

Phishing attacks remain a significant threat to internet users globally, leading to substantial financial losses and compromising personal information. This research study investigates various machine learning models for detecting phishing websites, with a primary focus on achieving high accuracy. After an extensive analysis, the Random Forest Classifier emerged as the most suitable choice for this task. Our methodology leveraged machine learning techniques to uncover subtle patterns and relationships in the data, going beyond traditional URL and content-based restrictions. By incorporating diverse website features, including URL and derived attributes, Page source code-based features, HTML JavaScript-based features, and Domain-based features, we achieved impressive results. The proposed approach effectively classified the majority of websites, demonstrating the efficiency of machine learning in addressing the phishing website detection challenge with an accuracy of over 98%, recall exceeding 98%, and a false positive rate of less than 4%. This research offers valuable insights to the field of cyber security, providing internet users with improved protection against phishing attempts

DMPK studies in rat model for comparative evaluation of bioavailability of alpha-mangostin and its formulated solid lipid nanoparticle using a validated LC-MS/MS method

Garcinia mangostana L., contains the xanthone ?-mangostin, which is a bioactive secondary metabolite. The Caco-2 cell line transport of ?-mangostin was explored to see whether it could be used to study oral uptake. There has been little in-vivo research on the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics of solid lipid nanoparticles of ?-mangostin. The ?-mangostin content estimation in plasma of rat was accomplished using a validated LC-MS/MS technique. The Papp (permeability coefficient apparent) across the Caco-2 cell monolayer is used to predict the absorption of orally administered ?-mangostin and ?-mangostin solid lipid nanoparticles (AM-SLNP). In the presence of the solid lipid and emulsifiers, AM-SLNP had 3.72 times higher Papp than ?-mangostin after 4 hours of study across the Caco-2 cell line. In-vivo rat model study show that formulated AM-SLNP has a 3.3-fold higher bioavailability than pure ?-mangostin. High tissue distribution of the AM-SLNP is observed compared to ?-mangostin, which may improve the efficacy of the product when compared to pure extract, as the available drug at the site of distribution is high. Because both cell monolayer and animal studies demonstrate the same pattern of drug intake mechanism for SLNP’s and as it is almost identical, nanotechnology can be utilized in avoiding hepatic metabolism and improving bioavailability

High yield synthesis of electrolyte heating assisted electrochemically exfoliated graphene for electromagnetic interference shielding applications

Herein, we demonstrate a facile one pot synthesis of graphene nanosheets by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. In the present study, we report a significant increase in the yield of graphene by electrolyte heating assisted electrochemical exfoliation method. The obtained results of heating assisted electrochemically exfoliated graphene (utilizing H2SO4 + KOH + DW) synthesis clearly exhibit that the yield increases similar to 4.5 times i.e. from similar to 17% (room temperature) to similar to 77% (at 80 degrees C). A plausible mechanism for the enhanced yield based on lattice expansion and vibration of intercalated ions has been put forward and discussed in details. The quality of graphene was examined by Raman, XPS, FTIR, AFM, SEM, TEM/HRTEM and TGA techniques. The Raman as well as morphogenesis results confirm the quality of the graphene nanosheets. We have used this graphene as electromagnetic interference shielding material where a comparatively large quantity of graphene is required. This graphene exhibits enhanced shielding effectiveness (46 dB at 1 mm thickness of stacked graphene sheets in frequency region 12.4 to 18 GHz) as compared to conventional electromagnetic interference shielding materials, which is greater than the recommended limit (similar to 30 dB) for techno-commercial applications. Thus the present work is suggestive for future studies on enhancement of yield of high quality graphene by proposed method and the use of synthesized graphene in electromagnetic interference shielding and other possible applications

Photocatalytic and DC conductivity studies of proton exchanged KAl0.33W1.67O6 and its application in Pb2+ removal

The proton exchanged metal oxide of composition HAl0.33Te1.67O6 (HAW) is synthesized by ion exchange method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Presence of water content in the HAW has been examined by thermogravimetric analysis. Conductivity and photocatalytic properties of HAW are compared with those of its parent KAl0.33W1.67O6 (KAW). HAl0.33W1.67O6 shows higher conductivity and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl blue and Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Participation of hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic dye degradation has been investigated by photoluminescence studies using terephthalic acid as probe. The removal of Pb2+ from an aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 using pristine KAl0.33W1.67O6 is also reported