Pendugaan Cadangan Karbon Pada Tegakan Agroforestri (Studi Kasus Di Desa Parbaba Dolok

Changes in landuse and land cover change through forest conversion is the caused of global warming. Due to the climate change, agroforestry systems is estimated to have a high potential for carbon sequestration in the atmosphere. Agroforestry systems contribute to reducing the increase in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases by increasing carbon in the soil and reduce the pressure for forest clearing, where the carbon comes from CO2 is taken up by plants and stored in the form of biomass. This study aimed to quantified the carbon content and to maped the distribution of carbon in agroforestry stands in Parbaba Dolok Village using data of remote sensing. Calculation of carbon stocks used non-destructive (allometric method). Vegetation types that exist in distribution of land agroforestry in Parbaba Dolok Village are kopi, coklat, pinus, nangka dan durian. The amount of carbon stocks in agroforestry stands in Parbaba Dolok Village was 337,461 ton/ha. Differences in carbon content acquistion in this area was influenced by vegetation density, diversity of size, and distribution of vegetation density

Pengaruh Perlakuan Kompos Sampah Kota Dan Kompos Residu Rumah Tangga Pada Tanah Terhadap Kadar Pb Serta Cd Tersedia Dan Produksi Sawi (Brasillia Oleraceae L.)

The effect of domestyc waste compost and residual of household waste compost for Pb and Cd andmustard (Brassica oleraceae L.) product.This research is done in the land of cassa room ofagricultural faculty and is analised central labor of agricultural faculty, North Sumatera University.The design of this research is arranged in non-factorial random design which is consisting of 9treatments with 3 replications. The treatmentis treatmentis M1 (100% Soil), M2 (75% Soil + 25%domestyc waste compost), M3 (50% Soil + 50 % domestyc waste compost), M4 (25 % Soil + 75 %domestyc waste compost), M5(75% Soil + 25 % residual of household waste compost), M6 (50%Soil + 50% residual of household waste compost), M7(25% % Soil + 75% residual of householdwaste compost), M8 (50 % domestyk waste compost + 50 residual of household waste compost),M9 (100 % residual of household waste compost). The result of this research is showed thatcomposing domestyc waste compost and residual of household waste compost and combination ofboth very significantly increased to increase pH soil, Pb, Cd soil and production of weigh themustard in a good treatment is M3 (50% Soil + 50% domestyc waste compost) is 142,47 g

Analisa Kinerja Lalu Lintas Akibat Besarnya Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kecepatan Dengan Menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda (Studi Kasus Ruas Jalan Dalam Kota Pada Segmen Jalan Lumimuut)

Transportasi memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, terutama di Kota Manado. Dengan meningkatnya volume kendaraan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kinerja lalu lintas yang akhirnya mengakibatkan kemacetan. Beberapa faktor pendukung terjadinya kemacetan tersebut, yaitu adanya aktivitas samping jalan seperti kendaraan yang sering keluar masuk, kendaraan yang berhenti dan parkir, penyeberang jalan, dan kendaraan tak bermotor. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukannya penelitian tentang kinerja lalu lintas akibat besarnya hambatan samping terhadap kecepatan pada suatu ruas jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab utama terjadinya kemacetan karena aktivitas samping jalan dengan menggunakan panduan dari Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia tahun 1997. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan selama 4 hari yang dimulai dari pukul 06.00 – 20.00 WITA dengan interval waktu 15 menit. Lokasi yang diteliti, yaitu ruas jalan lumimuut dengan dibagi menjadi 3 segmen dengan panjang masing–masing segmen adalah 100 meter, serta lebar ruas jalan tersebut adalah 7 meter. Ruas jalan Lumimuut merupakan jalan dengan dua lajur dua arah tanpa median (2/2 UD). Data yang didapat kemudian di analisa dengan menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisa data, kapasitas 2020,92 smp/jam dengan volume puncak rata–rata tiap segmen berkisar 1154,3 – 1205,8 smp/jam, kecepatan rata – rata sebesar 10,477 km/jam – 25,181 km/jam dan tingkat pelayanan jalan E, serta kecepatan arus bebas sebesar 31,5 km/jam diliat berdasarkan parameternya. Dari hasil analisa data dengan menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda besarnya hambatan samping yang terjadi adalah sebesar 62,25% untuk segmen 1 dengan persamaan Y = 36.0289 - 0.07499X1 – 0.077461X2 + 0.0670X3 + 0.1112X4, 31,123% untuk segmen 2 dengan persamaan Y = 30.93145 + 0.013359X1 – 0.07202X2 – 0.01112X3 – 0.11031X4 dan untuk segmen 3 sebesar 23,67% dengan persamaan Y = 40.981 – 0.0484X1 – 0.05482X2 – 0.00476X3 + 0.0165X4 . factor utama yang mempengaruhi kecepatan adalah kendaraan parkir dan berhenti dengan nilai rata – rata sebesar 17,661% sampai dengan 23,78%. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya rambu – rambu serta pos penjagaan polisi untuk mengatur serta menjaga aturan – aturan rambu – rambu yang ada

Quasi-free Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and Nucleon Polarizabilities

Cross sections for quasi-free Compton scattering from the deuteron were measured for incident energies of 236--260 MeV at the laboratory angle -135 degrees. The recoil nucleons were detected in a liquid-scintillator array situated at 20 degrees. The measured differential cross sections were used, with the calculations of Levchuk et al., to determine the polarizabilities of the bound nucleons. For the bound proton, the extracted values were consistent with the accepted value for the free proton. Combining our results for the bound neutron with those from Rose et al., we obtain one-sigma constraints of alpha_n = 7.6-14.0 and beta_n = 1.2-7.6.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted in PR

Low temperature fullerene encapsulation in single wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis of N@C60_{60}@SWCNT

High filling of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with C$_{60}$ and C$_{70}$ fullerenes in solvent is reported at temperatures as low as 69 $^{o}$C. A 2 hour long refluxing in n-hexane of the mixture of the fullerene and SWCNT results in a high yield of C$_{60}$,C$_{70}$@SWCNT, fullerene peapod, material. The peapod filling is characterized by TEM, Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray scattering. We applied the method to synthesize the temperature sensitive (N@C$_{60}$:C$_{60}$)@SWCNT as proved by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The solvent prepared peapod samples can be transformed to double walled nanotubes enabling a high yield and industrially scalable production of DWCNT

Antibacterial potential of Saussurea obvallata petroleum ether extract: A spiritually revered medicinal plant

Uttarakhand Himalayan region holds Asteraceae or Compositae as the largest family of flowering, medicinal and aromatic plants. Species belonging to this family rises from low altitude to the alpine region. Among Asteraceae, Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. is widely used in several indigenous systems of medicine. Flowers, leaves and rhizomes of S. obvallata are used for several traditional, religious, therapeutic and ornamental purposes. Aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial efficacy of petroleum ether extract (PEE) of S. obvallata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for identifying phytochemicals present in the plant extract. Furthermore, the PEE was assessed for in-vitro antibacterial activity against selected Gram positive and negative strains. Structure of squalene and \u3b1-linolenic acid methyl ester were identified in PEE by GC-MS analysis, by comparing the results obtained with NIST library and literature reports. PEE exhibited significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis with IC50 value of 87.2 \ub1 1.6, 98.4 \ub1 1.1 and 90.2 \ub1 1.8 \u3bcg/ml, respectively. These results showed that squalene and a-linolenic acid derivative identified in S. obvallata may be responsible for the observed antibacterial activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report focused on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of S. obvallata

Measurement of Nuclear Transparency for the A(e,e' pi^+) Reaction

We have measured the nuclear transparency of the A(e,e' pi^+) process in ^{2}H,^{12}C, ^{27}Al, ^{63}Cu and ^{197}Au targets. These measurements were performed at the Jefferson Laboratory over a four momentum transfer squared range Q^2 = 1.1 - 4.7 (GeV/c)^2. The nuclear transparency was extracted as the super-ratio of $(\sigma_A/\sigma_H)$ from data to a model of pion-electroproduction from nuclei without pi-N final state interactions. The Q^2 and atomic number dependence of the nuclear transparency both show deviations from traditional nuclear physics expectations, and are consistent with calculations that include the quantum chromodynamical phenomenon of color transparency.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figs Changes to figure 2 and 3 (error band updated and theory curves updated

Study of the A(e,e'π+\pi^+) Reaction on 1^1H, 2^2H, 12^{12}C, 27^{27}Al, 63^{63}Cu and 197^{197}Au

Cross sections for the p($e,e'\pi^{+}$)n process on $^1$H, $^2$H, $^{12}$C, $^{27}$Al, $^{63}$Cu and $^{197}$Au targets were measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) in order to extract the nuclear transparencies. Data were taken for four-momentum transfers ranging from $Q^2$=1.1 to 4.8 GeV$^2$ for a fixed center of mass energy of $W$=2.14 GeV. The ratio of $\sigma_L$ and $\sigma_T$ was extracted from the measured cross sections for $^1$H, $^2$H, $^{12}$C and $^{63}$Cu targets at $Q^2$ = 2.15 and 4.0 GeV$^2$ allowing for additional studies of the reaction mechanism. The experimental setup and the analysis of the data are described in detail including systematic studies needed to obtain the results. The results for the nuclear transparency and the differential cross sections as a function of the pion momentum at the different values of $Q^2$ are presented. Global features of the data are discussed and the data are compared with the results of model calculations for the p($e,e'\pi^{+}$)n reaction from nuclear targets.Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures, submited to PR