1,662 research outputs found
Radio interferometric imaging of spatial structure that varies with time and frequency
The spatial-frequency coverage of a radio interferometer is increased by
combining samples acquired at different times and observing frequencies.
However, astrophysical sources often contain complicated spatial structure that
varies within the time-range of an observation, or the bandwidth of the
receiver being used, or both. Image reconstruction algorithms can been designed
to model time and frequency variability in addition to the average intensity
distribution, and provide an improvement over traditional methods that ignore
all variability. This paper describes an algorithm designed for such
structures, and evaluates it in the context of reconstructing three-dimensional
time-varying structures in the solar corona from radio interferometric
measurements between 5 GHz and 15 GHz using existing telescopes such as the
EVLA and at angular resolutions better than that allowed by traditional
multi-frequency analysis algorithms.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. SPIE Proceedings, Optical
Engineering+Applications; Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Dat
Microscopic theory of absorption and emission in nanostructured solar cells: Beyond the generalized Planck formula
Absorption and emission in inorganic bipolar solar cells based on low
dimensional structures exhibiting the effects of quantum confinement is
investigated in the framework of a comprehensive microscopic theory of the
optical and electronic degrees of freedom of the photovoltaic system. In a
quantum-statistical treatment based on non-equilibrium Green's functions, the
optical transition rates are related to the conservation of electronic
currents, providing a quantum version of the balance equations describing the
operation of a photovoltaic device. The generalized Planck law used for the
determination of emission from an excited semiconductor in quasi-equilibrium is
replaced by an expression of extended validity, where no assumptions on the
distribution of electrons and photons are made. The theory is illustrated by
the numerical simulation of single quantum well diodes at the radiative limit.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, extended LaTeX version of the EUPVSEC09
proceedings articl
Efficient implementation of the adaptive scale pixel decomposition algorithm
Context. Most popular algorithms in use to remove the effects of a
telescope's point spread function (PSF) in radio astronomy are variants of the
CLEAN algorithm. Most of these algorithms model the sky brightness using the
delta-function basis, which results in undesired artefacts when used on image
extended emission. The adaptive scale pixel decomposition (Asp-Clean) algorithm
models the sky brightness on a scale-sensitive basis and thus gives a
significantly better imaging performance when imaging fields that contain both
resolved and unresolved emission.
Aims. However, the runtime cost of Asp-Clean is higher than that of
scale-insensitive algorithms. In this paper, we identify the most expensive
step in the original Asp-Clean algorithm and present an efficient
implementation of it, which significantly reduces the computational cost while
keeping the imaging performance comparable to the original algorithm. The PSF
sidelobe levels of modern wide-band telescopes are significantly reduced,
allowing us to make approximations to reduce the computing cost, which in turn
allows for the deconvolution of larger images on reasonable timescales.
Methods. As in the original algorithm, scales in the image are estimated
through function fitting. Here we introduce an analytical method to model
extended emission, and a modified method for estimating the initial values used
for the fitting procedure, which ultimately leads to a lower computational
cost.
Results.The new implementation was tested with simulated EVLA data and the
imaging performance compared well with the original Asp-Clean algorithm. Tests
show that the current algorithm can recover features at different scales with
lower computational cost.Comment: 6 pages; 4 figure
Advances in Calibration and Imaging Techniques in Radio Interferometry
This paper summarizes some of the major calibration and image reconstruction
techniques used in radio interferometry and describes them in a common
mathematical framework. The use of this framework has a number of benefits,
ranging from clarification of the fundamentals, use of standard numerical
optimization techniques, and generalization or specialization to new
algorithms
A multi-scale multi-frequency deconvolution algorithm for synthesis imaging in radio interferometry
Aims : We describe MS-MFS, a multi-scale multi-frequency deconvolution
algorithm for wide-band synthesis-imaging, and present imaging results that
illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm and the conditions under which it
is feasible and gives accurate results.
Methods : The MS-MFS algorithm models the wide-band sky-brightness
distribution as a linear combination of spatial and spectral basis functions,
and performs image-reconstruction by combining a linear-least-squares approach
with iterative minimization. This method extends and combines the
ideas used in the MS-CLEAN and MF-CLEAN algorithms for multi-scale and
multi-frequency deconvolution respectively, and can be used in conjunction with
existing wide-field imaging algorithms. We also discuss a simpler hybrid of
spectral-line and continuum imaging methods and point out situations where it
may suffice.
Results : We show via simulations and application to multi-frequency VLA data
and wideband EVLA data, that it is possible to reconstruct both spatial and
spectral structure of compact and extended emission at the continuum
sensitivity level and at the angular resolution allowed by the highest sampled
frequency.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
Perioperative infection prophylaxis and risk factor impact in colon surgery
Background: A prospective observational study was undertaken in 2,481 patients undergoing elective colon resection in 114 German centers to identify optimal drug and dosing modalities and risk factors for postoperative infection. Methods: Patients were pair matched using six risk factors and divided into 672 pairs (ceftriaxone vs, other cephalosporins, group A) and 400 pairs (ceftriaxone vs. penicillins, group B). End points were local and systemic postoperative infection and cost effectiveness. Results: Local infection rates were 6.0 versus 6.5% (group A) and 4.0 versus 10.5% (group B); systemic infection rates in groups A and B were 4.9 versus 6.3% and 3.3 versus 10.5%, respectively. Ceftriaxone was more effective than penicillins overall (6.8 vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001). Length of postoperative hospital stay was 16.2 versus 16.9 days (group A) and 15.8 versus 17.6 days (group B). Of the six risk factors, age and concomitant disease were significant for systemic infection, and blood loss, rectum resection and immunosuppressive therapy were significant for local infection. Penicillin was a risk factor compared to ceftriaxone (p < 0.0001). Ceftriaxone saved Q160.7 versus other cephalosporins and O416.2 versus penicillins. Conclusion: Clinical and microbiological efficacy are responsible for the cost effectiveness of ceftriaxone for perioperative prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Dengan Pemberian Susu Pada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mabelopura Palu
Bayi yang diberi susu formula memiliki kemungkinan 25 kali lebih tinggi untuk meninggal dunia pada bulan pertama kelahirannya dibandingkan dengan bayi yang disusui oleh ibunya secara eksklusif. Selama tiga tahun berturut-turut, cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif Puskesmas Mabelopura berada pada tiga terendah di Kota Palu dengan persentasi sebesar 34,47% untuk tahun 2011, 36,73% untuk tahun 2012 dan 31,30% untuk tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik ibu (Umur, Tingkat Pendidikan, Pengetahuan dan Status Pekerjaan) dengan pemberian susu formula pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mabelopura Palu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan sebanyak 70 orang yang diambil secara Non Random Sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square, pada batas kemaknaan (alfa 0,05). Hasil penelitian yaitu Umur ibu (Ï = 0,024), Pengetahuan (Ï = 0,005), dan Status Pekerjaan (Ï = 0,016) berhubungan dengan pemberian susu formula pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan, sedangkan Tingkat Pendidikan (Ï = 0,710) tidak berhubungan dengan pemberian susu formula pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Perlunya program edukasi bagi ibu tentang pentingnya pemberian ASI secara eksklusif serta kerja sama masyarakat dengan petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan meregulasi susu formula
Efimov states and their Fano resonances in a neutron-rich nucleus
Asymmetric resonances in elastic n+C scattering are attributed to
Efimov states of such neutron-rich nuclei, that is, three-body bound states of
the n+n+C system when none of the pairs is bound or some of them only
weakly bound. By fitting to the general resonance shape described by Fano, we
extract resonance position, width, and the "Fano profile index". While Efimov
states have been discussed extensively in many areas of physics, there is only
one very recent experimental observation in trimers of cesium atoms. The
conjunction that we present of the Efimov and Fano phenomena may lead to
experimental realization in nuclei.Comment: 4 double-column pages, 3 figure
Rugate filter for light-trapping in solar cells
We suggest a design for a coating that could be applied on top of any solar cell having at least one diffusing surface. This coating acts as an angle and wavelength selective filter, which increases the average path length and absorptance at long wavelengths without altering the solar cell performance at short wavelengths. The filter design is based on a continuous variation of the refractive index in order to minimize undesired reflection losses. Numerical procedures are used to optimize the filter for a 10 ÎŒm thick monocrystalline silicon solar cell, which lifts the efficiency above the Auger limit for unconcentrated illumination. The feasibility to fabricate such filters is also discussed, considering a finite available refractive index range
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