Preliminary Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC: A Potential Medicinal Plant

In vitro antimicrobial and chemical properties of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Pueraria tuberosa were evaluated. Among the test samples ethyl acetate extract showed pronounced antimicrobial activity, while ethanol extract exhibited the least activity and petroleum ether extract failed to inhibit the test pathogens. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, volatile oils and glycosides. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were abundant in ethyl acetate extract when compared to other extracts. The broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract may be due to the presence of flavonoids. Based on the observations, P. tuberosa appears to be a valuable source for antimicrobial principles

Traditional Medicine Used by the Adivasis of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh - For Bone

The present survey provides information on the therapeutic properties of 21 crude drugs used for bone fractures by the natives of Eastern Ghats. Of the twenty one species that are presented here, fourteen had not been previously reported. Information on botanical name, vernacular name, family, part used, mode of drug preparation and administration is provided

Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Certain Anticancer Crude Drugs Used by Adivasis of Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh, India

The present paper deals with preliminary phytochemical evaluation of certain crude drugs used for cancer. Based on the folklore data obtained from adivasis of Rayalaseema region, Andhra Pradesh, 15 species were collected in the forests of Eastern Ghats in the region. Three species were recorded as new formulations, which are hither to not reported earlier. The preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted on the drug samples, and composition of various groups of constituents was discussed

PERIODATE OXIDATION OF PEG–600, AN ESSENTIAL PHARMACEUTICAL POLYMER

Objective: To study the kinetics of periodate oxidation of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600), a familiar non-toxic polymer used in pharmaceutical and other fields of industry. Methods: Reactions were carried out in alkaline medium and measured the kinetics by iodometry. One oxygen atom loss or two electrons transfer was observed per each molecule of periodate i.e., the rate of reaction was measured periodate converts to iodate because the formed iodate species is unable to oxidize the substrate molecules. Results: Based on log (a-x) versus t plots, order w. r. t. oxidant (periodate) is unity. Reactions were found to be independent of substrate (PEG-600) concentration. A decrease in rate with an increase in alkali concentration [OH–] was found and order was inverse fractional. Temperature dependence of reaction rate was studied and then calculated the corresponding Arrhenius parameters. Conclusion: An appropriate rate law was proposed by considering the above experimental results

Dynamical behavior of a time-delayed infectious disease model with a non-linear incidence function under the effect of vaccination and treatment

When an infectious disease propagates throughout society, the incidence function may rise at first due to an increase in pathogenicity and then decrease due to inhibitory effects until it reaches saturation. Effective vaccination and treatment are very helpful for controlling the effects of such infectious diseases. To analyze the impacts of these diseases, we proposed a new compartmental model with a generalized non-linear incidence function, vaccination function, and treatment function, along with time delays in the respective functions, which show how its monotonic features influence the stability of the model. Fundamental properties of a model, such as positivity, boundedness, and the existence of equilibria, are examined in this work. The basic reproduction number has been computed, and correlative studies for local stability in view of the basic reproduction number have been examined at the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points. A delay-independent global stability result has been established, and to be more precise, we explicitly derived the result on global stability by restricting delay parameters within a very specific range. Furthermore, numerical simulations and some examples based on COVID-19 real-time data are pointed out to emphasize the significance of how the disease's dynamical behavior is characterized by various functions for controlling the spread of disease in a population and to justify the mathematical conclusions.Comment: 25 pages, 19 figure

Medicinal Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of \u3cem\u3eCrotalaria madurensis\u3c/em\u3e Var. \u3cem\u3ekurnoolica\u3c/em\u3e

This paper deals with the antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of Crotalaria madurensis Wt. var. kurnoolica Ellis et Swaminathan. (Fabaceae), an endemic medicinal plant found in the forests of Nallamallias of Eastern Ghats of India. The ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the plant material exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on human pathogenic microorganisms of six bacterial and two fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were provided. The results were supported by phytochemical analysis

Efficient removal of methyl orange using magnesium oxide nanoparticles loaded onto activated carbon

ABSTRACT. In this work, an activated carbon composite made with magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONP-AC) was effectively utilized for methyl orange (MO) adsorption. The effect of pH (6-10), mass of MgONP-AC (0.1-0.3 g/L), initial MO concentration (10-30 mg/L), and temperature (283-323 K) on MO removal was investigated using a central rotatable composite experimental design based on the response surface technique (RSM) at an equilibrium agitation period of 60 min. The studies predicted the optimal MO removal of 98.99% at pH 7.68, MgONP-AC dosage of 0.24 g/L, and starting MO concentration of 15 mg/L, and temperature of 313 K. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to simulate MO adsorption, and it properly predicted MO removal using mean squared error (MSE) and R2 for the testing data. The ANN predicts a maximum removal of 99.63% with ANN with R2 = 0.9926. The kinetic results suited the pseudo-second order kinetic equation, and the data from the equilibrium investigations corresponded well with the Langmuir isotherm (maximum uptake capacity qmax = 346 mg/g). Endothermic, spontaneous, and physical adsorption were discovered during the thermodynamic investigations.   KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Artificial neural network, Experimental design, isotherms, Kinetics, Methyl orange, MgONP-AC   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 531-544.                                                                DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.

Anticancer Activity of Hedychium Coronarium Rhizome Solvent Extracts on Colon Cancer Cells

Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig. is a rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae. It is well known as white ginger lilly or butterfly lilly. The rhizome has been used to treat rheumatism, as a tonic and to avoid bad breath. The present study aim is to evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of petroleum ether (HCPE) and ethanol (HCAE) extracts of Hedychium coronarium rhizome using in vitro methods. Anticancer activity of the extracts was assessed against human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116). Antioxidant capacity of the HCPE and HCAE was assessed using phosphomolybdenum, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods. In results, both HCPE and HCAE extracts have a good amount of total phenolics and flavonoids content. Ethanol extract showed a higher total antioxidant capacity than petroleum ether extract. Petroleum ether extract strongly reduced DPPH purple color, while ethanol extract significantly inhibited hydroxyl radicals. Cytotoxic study results revealed that, the extracts strongly suppressed HCT-116 cell lines in concentration dependent fashion. ELISA and TUNEL assay results showed that petroleum ether extracts enhanced caspase-3 mediated DNA fragmentation in HCT – 116 cell lines. In conclusion, H. coronarium could be used as a source of plant based antibacterial/antioxidant and anticancer components. Further molecular studies are required to isolate and characterize active principle and to validate its pharmacological properties in in vivo models

Low latitude ionospheric response to March 2015 geomagnetic storm using multi-instrument TEC observations over India

The regional ionospheric models are successful in capturing the variability of ionosphere with the inclusion of local ground-based GPS observations and location dependent ionospheric dynamics. In this context, there is a need to develop regional ionospheric maps that aids in improving the consistency of global models. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the potentiality of multi-instrument observations over Indian region. Four different Total Electron Content (TEC) data sources namely from network of GPS receivers, Ionosonde stations, space based COSMIC radio occultation profiles and SWARM mission data is utilized. The multi-source data is chosen for the geo-magnetic storm conditions prevailed during March 2015. Data from multiple-sources is observed over the period from 15th March 2015 to 20th March 2015. Validation of ground and space-based TEC data with International GNSS service (IGS) station data is significantly observed

Modelling of ionospheric time delays based on adjusted spherical harmonic analysis

The ionosphere is the region of the upper atmosphere and the study of the upper atmosphere has a significant role in monitoring, modeling and forecasting for satellite based navigation services. As India lies in a low latitude region, a more careful approach has to be taken to characterize the ionosphere due to the irregularities and equatorial anomaly conditions. In order to study the ionospheric temporal variations, a regional ionospheric model based on the Adjusted Spherical Harmonic Analysis (ASHA) is implemented. The results indicate that the ASHA model is one of the contenders for estimating ionospheric delays well for GNSS augmentation systems