UTILIZATION OF MILK WITH PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES BY YOGURT FERMENTATION

Antibiotic residues in milk are problem for consumer and daby farmer, discard this milk will be loss for dairy farmer and environment pollution. Penicillin are most antibiotic residues In milk Yogurt is milk fermented milk with starter of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Penicillin residues in milk will reduce starter activity and finalIy unsuccessful these process. The purpose of this study was to determine penicillin level in milk which is possible to produce yogurt, evaluation of decreasing Penicillin residues level in yoghurt, relationship between starter, antibiotic residues and yoghurt quality. Complete Randomized Design, consist of two factor (penicillin residues : 0,0 1 / ml, 2,0 IU / ml, 4,01U/ / ml, 8,0 IU / m4 0,0 IU / ml and 10 IU / ml and starter concentration : 5 %, 7,5%, 10% and 12,5% ). The study indicated that milk with penicillin residues 10 IU/ml, with starter ( 7,5 % - 12,5% ) are still succes to produce yoghurt and to clear up penicillin residues in mil

Un-Veiling Women’s Rights in the ‘War on Terrorism’

This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four self-contained papers on temporary work agenciesand the economic analysis of law. Paper [I] adds to the theoretical literature on the incentives of Temporary Work Agencies (TWAs). Using aprincipal-agent model with hidden action to model two main types of contracts between a TWA and a ClientFirm (CF), the TWA is shown to potentially act against the best interest of the CF when helping to fill avacant position. The results also suggest that the adverse effect of the incentive misalignment is larger whenthe worker is going to be leased instead of hired by the CF. However, this effect could potentially be offsetby introducing a sufficient level of competition among the TWAs. Paper [II] uses individual-level data on young adults to estimate how the probability of being employed inthe Swedish temporary agency sector is affected by whether a partner or other family member has experienceof temporary agency work. The results show a significant effect from all peer groups of a magnitude thatcorrespond to the other most influential control variables. We also find that this cohort of the agency sectorhas a relatively high education level compared to the regular sector, and that there are predominately menworking in thissector. Paper [III] analyses possible effects on total employment, and the distribution between agency work andregular contracts as a consequence of the implementation of the EU Temporary and Agency Workers Directive in Sweden. The analysis is based on changes in the compensation to agency workers in a calibratedextension of a Mortensen-Pissarides search model. Even though the results suggest a negative net effect ontotal employment, the implementation is shown to increase (utilitarian) welfare, and an increased transitionprobability from the agency sector into regular employment will increase welfare even further. Paper [IV] focuses on settlement probabilities for different types of representation within the Swedish LabourCourt. Empirical estimates on a set of unjust dismissal cases show that private representatives are generallyless likely to reach a settlement than their union counterparts. The settlement probabilities converge following court-mandated information disclosure, which suggests that information asymmetry is an importantfactor in explaining differences in settlement behaviour. Privately instigated negotiations are therefore ingeneral insufficient for making cases with non-union representation reach the same settlement rate as caseswith union representation

BEHAVIOR BASED CONTROL AND FUZZY Q-LEARNING FOR AUTONOMOUS FIVE LEGS ROBOT NAVIGATION

This paper presents collaboration of behavior based control and fuzzy Q-learning for five legs robot navigation systems. There are many fuzzy Q-learning algorithms that have been proposed to yield individual behavior like obstacle avoidance, find target and so on. However, for complicated tasks, it is needed to combine all behaviors in one control schema using behavior based control. Based this fact, this paper proposes a control schema that incorporate fuzzy q-learning in behavior based schema to overcome complicated tasks in navigation systems of autonomous five legs robot. In the proposed schema, there are two behaviors which is learned by fuzzy q-learning. Other behaviors is constructed in design step. All behaviors are coordinated by hierarchical hybrid coordination node. Simulation results demonstrate that the robot with proposed schema is able to learn the right policy, to avoid obstacle and to find the target. However, Fuzzy q-learning failed to give right policy for the robot to avoid collision in the corner location. Keywords : behavior based control, fuzzy q-learnin

ANALISA DESKRIPTIF TENTANG PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN FLU BURUNG DI KOTA PEKANBARU (descriptive analysis about the education of the prevention of avian influenza in pekanbaru city )

sampai dengan Oktober 2007, kasus positif flu burung di Indonesia mencapai 108 orang, dan 87 orang dintaranya meninggal dunia. Diketahui bahwa terdapat 5 kasus positif di Provinsi Riau, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 4 orang. Keadaan ini menyebabkan pemerintah setempat menetapkan Priovinsi Riau sebagai daerah Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) flu burung. Untuk mengatasi penyebaran virus flu burung, salah satunya dilakukan penyuluhan flu burung kepada masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa secara deskriptif tentang penyuluhan flu burung oleh petugas penyuluh yang meliputi praktek,faktor predisposisi, faktor pemudah dan faktor penguat dalam penyuluuhan flu burung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Informan penelitian berjumlah 7 orang yaitu petugas penyuluh yang ada di Puskesmas. Kemudian dilakukan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua informan memiliki latar belakang pendidikan kesehatan serta telah berpengalaman lebih dari dua tahun sebagai petugas penyuluh kesehatan. Segi positif dari pelaksanaan penyuluhan flu burung di Pekanbaru, adalah petugas mendapat dukungan yang cukup tinggi dari Dinas Kesehatan baik Kota maupun Provinsi. Kerja sama dengan instansi lain juga berjalan cukup baik. Sikap petugas penyuluh terhadap penyuluhan cukup baik. Selain itu, semua petugas di Puskesmas terlibat dalam penyuluhan. Dan komitmen dalam institusi cukup tinggi dalam pelaksanaan penyuluhan, namun pengetahuan yang disampaikan kepada masyarakat hanya masalah gejala dan kemana harus melapor bila timbul gejala. Masalah pencegahan belum menjadi prioritas untuk disampaikan. Selain itu, dalam praktek, metode yang sering digunakan adalah ceramah. Alat bantu yang digunakan pun masih sebatas poster. Belum ada jadwal rutin terhadap pelaksanaan penyuluhan flu burung. Selain itu, belum ada alokasi dana khusus untuk penyuluhan flu burung. Disarankan kepada Puskesmas maupun Dinas Kesehatan untuk meningkatkan penyuluhan pencegahan flu burung kepada , masyarakat. Sedangkan untuk petugas penyuluh, diharapkan maenyampaikan materi penyuluhan yang lebih lengkap serta meningkatkan kemampuan dalam hal penyuluhan. Until October 2007, the positive cases of avian influenza in Indonesia had reached 108 persons, and 87 persons were die. There were five positive cases of avian influenza in Riau with four mortalities. This situation caused the goverment decide that Riau Province is an outbreak area. One of the way to solve this problem is by giving an education about avian influenza. The purpose of the research is to analize descriptively abaout the education of avian influenza, using qualitative approach with indepth interview method. There were seven informan persons. They were the educator of avian influenza's education. It used content analysis to analize ther data. The results of the research shows that all of the informan have health education basic and more tha two years experience as a health ediucator. The positive thing from the education of avian influenza in Pekanbaru is the instructor get a high support from Health Department of Pekanbaru District and from Health Department of Riau Province. It also ha s a good cooperate wth another deaprtment. And then the instructor has a good attitude in education of avian influenza. All of the employee in community health centre is an instructor. And they has a high commitment in education of avin influenza. But the knowledge of avian influenza taht they teach to the community only about the symptom of avian influenza and where they can report if they find that symptom. How to prevent the avian influenza is not the priority to teach to the community. About the practice of the education, the most method that they use to educate is lecture. The tool that they use only a poster. No permanent schedule in education of avian influenza. Then, nio special fund for this education. Being suggested for the ciommunity helath centre and Health Department to increase the education of the prevention of avian influenza fot the community. And for the instructor, we hope to teach more complete about avian influenza and to increase the ability of how to educate. Kata Kunci: Analisa Deskriptif, Penyuluhan, Pencegahan, Flu Burung Descriptive Analysis, Education, Prevention, Avian Influenz

Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement of Special School Teachers

Background: Optimal job performance of special school teachers is marked by high work engagement because engaged teachers showed perseverance, enthusiasm, and absorption at work. Work engagement is influenced by several factors, one of them is personal resources. Personal resource that considered important in people’s success is emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement of teachers at a Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri, a public special school in Semarang. Method: Data from 60 teachers were collected using Work Engagement Scale (33 item; α = .93) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (32 item; α = .93) Results: Simple linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and work engagement, r = .87; (p < .001) Conclusion: Result indicated that higher emotional intelligence is likely to lead to higher work engagement. Emotional intelligence contributed to 74.8% of the variance in work engagement. Teachers are expected to manage emotion better in order to achieve high work engagement. Keywords: work engagement, emotional intelligence, teacher, special schoo