First application of core-shell Ag@Ni magnetic nanocatalyst for transfer hydrogenation reactions of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds

A magnetically separable core-shell Ag@Ni nanocatalyst was prepared by a simple one-pot synthetic route using oleylamine both as solvent and reducing agent and triphenylphosphine as surfactant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The core-shell Ag@Ni nanocatalyst was found to have very excellent activity for the transfer hydrogenation reactions of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds under mild conditions using isopropyl alcohol as hydrogen donor. Excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nitro group reduction was demonstrated

Developing benign Ni/g-C3N4 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: Activity and toxicity study

This research discusses the CO2 valorization via hydrogenation over the non-noble metal dusters of Ni and Cu supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The Ni and Cu catalysts were characterized by conventional techniques including XRD, AFM, ATR, Raman imaging, and TPR and were tested via the hydrogenation of CO2 at 1 bar. The transition-metal-based catalyst designed with atom-economy principles presents stable activity and good conversions for the studied processes. At 1 bar, the rise in operating temperature during CO2 hydrogenation increases the CO(2 )conversion and the selectivity for CO and decreases the selectivity for methanol on Cu/CN catalysts. For the Ni/CN catalyst, the selectivity to light hydrocarbons, such as CH4, also increased with rising temperature. At 623 K, the conversion attained ca. 20%, with CH4 being the primary product of the reaction (CH4 yield >80%). Above 700 K, the Ni/CN activity increases, reaching almost equilibrium values, although the Ni loading in Ni/CN is lower by more than 90% compared to the reference NiREF catalyst. The presented data offer a better understanding of the effect of the transition metals' small metal cluster and their coordination and stabilization within g-C3N4, contributing to the rational hybrid catalyst design with a less-toxic impact on the environment and health. Bare g-C3N4 is shown as a good support candidate for atom-economy-designed catalysts for hydrogenation application. In addition, cytotoxicity to the keratinocyte human HaCaT cell line revealed that low concentrations of catalysts particles (to 6.25 mu g mL(-1)) did not cause degenerative changes.Web of Scienc

Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: outcomes from the UK ‘Alert Level 4’ phase of the B-MaP-C study

Abstract: Background: The B-MaP-C study aimed to determine alterations to breast cancer (BC) management during the peak transmission period of the UK COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of these treatment decisions. Methods: This was a national cohort study of patients with early BC undergoing multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided treatment recommendations during the pandemic, designated ‘standard’ or ‘COVID-altered’, in the preoperative, operative and post-operative setting. Findings: Of 3776 patients (from 64 UK units) in the study, 2246 (59%) had ‘COVID-altered’ management. ‘Bridging’ endocrine therapy was used (n = 951) where theatre capacity was reduced. There was increasing access to COVID-19 low-risk theatres during the study period (59%). In line with national guidance, immediate breast reconstruction was avoided (n = 299). Where adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted (n = 81), the median benefit was only 3% (IQR 2–9%) using ‘NHS Predict’. There was the rapid adoption of new evidence-based hypofractionated radiotherapy (n = 781, from 46 units). Only 14 patients (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their treatment journey. Conclusions: The majority of ‘COVID-altered’ management decisions were largely in line with pre-COVID evidence-based guidelines, implying that breast cancer survival outcomes are unlikely to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, in this study, the potential impact of delays to BC presentation or diagnosis remains unknown

Formulation and evaluation of gas powered systems of cefdinir tablets for controlled release

The  present  work  is  aimed  to  formulate  Cefdinir  floating  tablets  using different  hydrophilic  and  hydrophobic  polymers  like  HPMC,  Ethyl  cellulose, Xanthum gum, guar gum and gas generating agent Sodium bicarbonate. The develop gastro retentive dosage form thatcould  retain  the  agent  namely  Cefdinir  in  the  stomach  for  longer periods of time delivering the drug to the site of action, i.e., stomach. HPMC  is  used  as  a  swelling  agent,  Guar  gum  and  Xanthum  gum  is used as binding agent. Ethyl cellulose is used as matrix form agent.  PVP is used as a suspending agent. Sodium bicarbonate is used as a gas forming agent. MCC is used as a disintergrant and diluent. Magnesium stearate is used as a lubricant. The  prepared  Cefdinir  tablets  will  be  evaluated  for  drug  content,  entrapment efficiency, post compression studies, In-vitro buoyancy studies, swelling index studies, in-vitro dissolution studies, release kinetics, stability studies.All these parameters were found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. Formulation F5 was selected for drug release and stability study on the basis of appropriate results of post compression study.In vitro dissolution study was carried out and showed controlled release pattern. Keywords: Gas Powered Systems, Cefdinir, Controlled release, Floating drug delivery

Metal-free construction of aminated isoquinoline frameworks from 2-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl) benzonitrile in an aqueous medium

Herein, we report a metal-free protocol for the activation of nitrile towards the nucleophilic addition and subsequent annulation under an aqueous medium for the first time. The protocol divulges an efficient route for the construction of diversified aminated isoquinolines. Differently substituted primary as well as secondary amines underwent the reaction in a highly regioselective manner. The reaction is operationally simple, shows high functional group tolerance, easier modification of well-known drugs, and successfully extended to gram-scale synthesis

Sustainable Utility of Magnetically Recyclable Nano-Catalysts in Water: Applications in Organic Synthesis

applied science

Genome-Wide SNP Identification and Characterization in Two Soybean Cultivars with Contrasting Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus Disease Resistance Traits

Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a bipartite Geminivirus, which causes severe yield loss in soybean (Glycine max). Considering this, the present study was conducted to develop large-scale genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and identify potential markers linked with known disease resistance loci for their effective use in genomics-assisted breeding to impart durable MYMIV tolerance. The whole-genome re-sequencing of MYMIV resistant cultivar 'UPSM-534' and susceptible Indian cultivar 'JS-335' was performed to identify high-quality SNPs and InDels (insertion and deletions). Approximately 234 and 255 million of 100-bp paired-end reads were generated from UPSM-534 and JS-335, respectively, which provided ~98% coverage of reference soybean genome. A total of 3083987 SNPs (1559556 in UPSM-534 and 1524431 in JS-335) and 562858 InDels (281958 in UPSM-534 and 280900 in JS-335) were identified. Of these, 1514 SNPs were found to be present in 564 candidate disease resistance genes. Among these, 829 non-synonymous and 671 synonymous SNPs were detected in 266 and 286 defence-related genes, respectively. Noteworthy, a non-synonymous SNP (in chromosome 18, named 18-1861613) at the 149th base-pair of LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE gene responsible for a G/C transversion [proline (CCC) to alanine(GCC)] was identified and validated in a set of 12 soybean cultivars. Taken together, the present study generated a large-scale genomic resource such as, SNPs and InDels at a genome-wide scale that will facilitate the dissection of various complex traits through construction of high-density linkage maps and fine mapping. In the present scenario, these markers can be effectively used to design high-density SNP arrays for their large-scale validation and high-throughput genotyping in diverse natural and mapping populations, which could accelerate genomics-assisted MYMIV disease resistance breeding in soybean

Base‐Free Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Micro‐Mesoporous Iron Oxide

An efficient and practical protocol for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes was developed, which uses flower‐shaped micro‐mesoporous iron oxide (MMIO) with formic acid as the reducing agent and tris[(2‐diphenylphosphino)‐ethyl]phosphine as the ligand in the absence of an additional base. The recyclable catalytic system enables the reduction of the nitro group in a broad range of substrates to yield valuable amines and shows a high tolerance to sensitive functional groups.Flower power: The transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes is achieved using a recyclable system that comprises flower‐shaped micro‐mesoporous iron oxide with formic acid as the reducing agent and tris[(2‐diphenylphosphino)‐ethyl]phosphine as the ligand in the absence of an additional base.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137298/1/cctc201600296-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137298/2/cctc201600296.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137298/3/cctc201600296_am.pd

Integrating production control and scheduling in multi-site enterprises based on real-time detection of divergence

Scheduling and process control have been long recognized as the two critical building blocks in many manufacturing execution systems. Operating at the interface between the supply chain and the process, the scheduler generates a detailed schedule that has to be executed by the process so as to meet the demands originating from the supply chain. Given the tight interactions between the two, there has been wide interest in integrating scheduling and process control. Our key insight is that abnormalities which occur after generation of the original schedule trigger a divergence between the operational targets defined by the schedule and its execution. If left uncorrected, then the abnormalities will propagate between the process and the supply chain. A timely response could eliminate or minimize such effects. However, this is a challenge particularly in large multisite enterprises where the scheduling and production responsibilities are typically separated across departments and even across geographical locations. Recognizing this, we propose a novel, scalable framework for integrating scheduling and process control that detects in real time when a divergence occurs between the original schedule and its execution in the process. It then identifies the root-cause(s) of the divergence, i.e., the abnormality, and triggers a suitable response from the scheduler and the process so as to nullify or minimize its effect. In this paper, we will describe the proposed approach and illustrate it using two industrially motivated case studies.by Preeti Rathi, Shanmukha Manoj Bhumireddy, Naresh Nandola, Iiro Harjunkoski and Rajagopalan Srinivasa