944 research outputs found
Loki, Io: New groundbased observations and a model describing the change from periodic overturn
Loki Patera is the most powerful volcano in the solar system. We have
obtained measurements of Loki's 3.5 micron brightness from NASA's Infrared
Telescope Facility (IRTF) and have witnessed a change from the periodic
behavior previously noted. While Loki brightened by a factor of several every
540 days prior to 2001, from 2001 through 2004 Loki remained at a constant,
medium brightness. We have constructed a quantitative model of Loki as a
basaltic lava lake whose solidified crust overturns when it becomes buoyantly
unstable. By altering the speed at which the overturn propagates across the
patera, we can match our groundbased brightness data. In addition, we can match
other data taken at other times and wavelengths. By slowing the propagation
speed dramatically, we can match the observations from 2001-2004. This slowing
may be due to a small change in volatile content in the magma
Modular Porous Plate Sublimator /MPPS/ requires only water supply for coolant
Modular porous plate sublimators, provided for each location where heat must be dissipated, conserve the battery power of a space vehicle by eliminating the coolant pump. The sublimator requires only a water supply for coolant
Diffusion bonding makes strong seal at flanged connector
Copper strip seals a high pressure fluid system connector so that it is insensitive to relaxation of the bolt loads. The copper strip is diffusion bonded to the surfaces of the connector flange by application of high pressure and temperature
The Sandwich algorithm for spatial equilibrium analysis
Recent advances in mathematical programming techniques have
made it possible to provide more realistic solutions to applied
economic problems. Although mathematical programming techniques are
widely used, the economic content of the solutions is often limited by
the assumptions imposed by the algorithms available. This report is
designed to demonstrate the increased flexibility which is currently
available for the solution of a wide range of spatial economic
problems.
Transportation and transhipment models have been widely used in
the analysis of the impact of policy changes on spatial activity,
Borrell & Zwart [l]; Beck, Rathbun and Abbott [2]. One of the major
shortcomings of such models has been an inability to model the impact
of more flexible pricing policies on regional supply and demand, while
maintaining the realistic non linearities which are associated with
processing and transportation costs. In this paper a simplified
version of the transhipment model developed by Borrell & Zwart [l] is
modified to incorporate regional supply response while at the same time
retaining complex processing and handling cost relationships.
This report outlines the general form of the spatial
equilibrium problem and some of the solution techniques available, in a
format easily understood by readers not conversant with operational
research techniques. Initially the problem is defined and solution
methods used in the past are then briefly described. The advantages
and disadvantages of these methods are outlined before showing how a
relatively new solution technique may be able to improve both the scope
and flexibility of the problems being solved
Design Criteria for Zero Leakage Connectors for Launch Vehicles. Mathematical Model of Interface Sealing Phenomenon, Volume 2 Final Report
Mathematical model of interface sealing phenomenon in determining design criteria for zero leakage connectors for launch vehicle
Relationships between pig birth weight and expression of the immediate early gene EGR-1 in umbilical cord Wharton's jelly
Citation: Morton, J. M., Rathbun, T., & Davis, D. L. (2016). Relationships between pig birth weight and expression of the immediate early gene EGR-1 in umbilical cord Wharton's jelly. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 149-149. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-317In humans the expression of EGR-1 in umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly has been related to birth weight. In umbilical cords of small for gestational age (SGA) babies the expression of EGR-1 is increased compared to normal weight contemporaries. Expression of EGR-1 appears to indicate prenatal programming resulting from growth restriction. It is known that SGA babies develop slower compared to normal sized babies and in many ways are comparable to small birth weight pigs. Therefore we investigated whether EGR-1 expression in pig umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly is related to birth and weaning weights. Fifty-seven umbilical cords were collected from 5 litters (PIC; 326 × 1050), along with birth and weaning weights. Wharton’s jelly tissue was snap frozen and stored (?80°C) until RNA was extracted (Trizol method), RNA quantity determined using the Nanodrop method and quality was evaluated with an Agilent Bioanalyzer. Quantitative PCR was used to determine expression of EGR-1 compared to 18S and the data converted to relative expression using RNA from newborn pig testis as a calibrator. Birth weight (P < 0.003) and wean weight at d 21 (P < 0.026) were correlated negatively with EGR-1 expression. Larger pigs had decreased expression of EGR-1 compared to smaller pigs. The umbilical cords from the 14 pigs with the lowest expression of EGR-1 (bottom quartile) included only one pig with a birth weight < 1.11 kg while the top quartile included 9 pigs weighing less than 1.11 kg at birth (P < 0.002, chi square). In response to rising global demands for pork, swine producers have increased litter sizes and this has resulted in more small pigs at birth. We have identified that pigs with a birth weight below 1.11 kg have increased mortality rates by weaning age (3–4 wk). These pigs do not grow as well as their heavier contemporaries and result in lower value carcasses. Expression of EGR-1 in umbilical cords of low birth weight pigs appears to reflect prenatal programming comparable to that identified in SGA babies
Populist referendum : Was 'Brexit' an expression of nativist and anti-elitist sentiment?
Was the outcome of the United Kingdom’s ‘Brexit’ referendum to leave the European Union a visible and consequential manifestation of right-wing populism? After all, skepticism in the UK towards the EU predates the recent rise of European right wing populism. Original survey data show, however, that the interaction of nativist sentiment and anti-elitist attitudes, the cocktail of right-wing populism, led to widespread support for Brexit, even while controlling for other factors. Although hostility to immigrants was an important factor, nativists were particularly prone to vote ‘leave’; if they also did not trust political elites, a crucial element of populism. Further underscoring this explanation is the conditional effect of anti-elite sentiment. The relationship between anti-elite sentiment and support for leaving the EU only exists among those with high nativist sentiment; among those low in nativist sentiment, anti-elite feelings did not increase support for Brexit
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Beam and Truss Finite Element Verification for DYNA3D
The explicit finite element (FE) software program DYNA3D has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to simulate the dynamic behavior of structures, systems, and components. This report focuses on verification of beam and truss element formulations in DYNA3D. An efficient protocol has been developed to verify the accuracy of these structural elements by generating a set of representative problems for which closed-form quasi-static steady-state analytical reference solutions exist. To provide as complete coverage as practically achievable, problem sets are developed for each beam and truss element formulation (and their variants) in all modes of loading and physical orientation. Analyses with loading in the elastic and elastic-plastic regimes are performed. For elastic loading, the FE results are within 1% of the reference solutions for all cases. For beam element bending and torsion loading in the plastic regime, the response is heavily dependent on the numerical integration rule chosen, with higher refinement yielding greater accuracy (agreement to within 1%). Axial loading in the plastic regime produces accurate results (agreement to within 0.01%) for all integration rules and element formulations. Truss elements are also verified to provide accurate results (within 0.01%) for elastic and elastic-plastic loading. A sample problem to verify beam element response in ParaDyn, the parallel version DYNA3D, is also presented
Occultation Light Curves of Io's Hot Spots in 2014
We present ground-based observations of Io during Spring 2014, contributing to decadal timelines of individual hot spots' volcanic activity
Preliminary Archeological Investigations at the Callawassie Island Burial Mound (38BU19), Beaufort County, South Carolina
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/1176/thumbnail.jp
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