10,073 research outputs found
Bulk and surface magnetoinductive breathers in binary metamaterials
We study theoretically the existence of bulk and surface discrete breathers
in a one-dimensional magnetic metamaterial comprised of a periodic binary array
of split-ring resonators. The two types of resonators differ in the size of
their slits and this leads to different resonant frequencies. In the framework
of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) we construct several types of breather
excitations for both the energy-conserved and the dissipative-driven systems by
continuation of trivial breather solutions from the anticontinuous limit to
finite couplings. Numerically-exact computations that integrate the full model
equations confirm the quality of the RWA results. Moreover, it is demonstrated
that discrete breathers can spontaneously appear in the dissipative-driven
system as a results of a fundamental instability.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figure
Bayesian Optimisation for Safe Navigation under Localisation Uncertainty
In outdoor environments, mobile robots are required to navigate through
terrain with varying characteristics, some of which might significantly affect
the integrity of the platform. Ideally, the robot should be able to identify
areas that are safe for navigation based on its own percepts about the
environment while avoiding damage to itself. Bayesian optimisation (BO) has
been successfully applied to the task of learning a model of terrain
traversability while guiding the robot through more traversable areas. An
issue, however, is that localisation uncertainty can end up guiding the robot
to unsafe areas and distort the model being learnt. In this paper, we address
this problem and present a novel method that allows BO to consider localisation
uncertainty by applying a Gaussian process model for uncertain inputs as a
prior. We evaluate the proposed method in simulation and in experiments with a
real robot navigating over rough terrain and compare it against standard BO
methods.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on
Robotics Research (ISRR 2017
Magnetoinductive breathers in magnetic metamaterials
The existence and stability of discrete breathers (DBs) in one-dimensional
and two-dimensional magnetic metamaterials (MMs), which consist of periodic
arrangem ents (arrays) of split-ring resonators (SRRs), is investigated
numerically. We consider different configurations of the SRR arrays, which are
related to the relative orientation of the SRRs in the MM, both in one and two
spatial dimensions. In the latter case we also consider anisotropic MMs. Using
standard numerical methods we construct several types of linearly stable
breather excitations both in Hamiltonian and dissipative MMs (dissipative
breathers). The study of stability in both cases is performed using standard
Floquet analysi s. In both cases we found that the increase of dimensionality
from one to two spatial dimensions does not destroy the DBs, which may also
exist in the case of moderate anisotropy (in two dimensions). In dissipative
MMs, the dynamics is governed by a power balance between the mainly Ohmic
dissipation and driving by an alternating magnetic field. In that case it is
demonstrated that DB excitation locally alters the magnetic response of MMs
from paramagnetic to diamagnetic. Moreover, when the frequency of the applied
field approaches the SRR resonance frequency, the magnetic response of the MM
in the region of the DB excitation may even become negative (extreme
diamagnetic).Comment: 12 pages 15 figure
Extreme events in discrete nonlinear lattices
We perform statistical analysis on discrete nonlinear waves generated though
modulational instability in the context of the Salerno model that interpolates
between the intergable Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) equation and the nonintegrable
discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation. We focus on extreme events in
the form of discrete rogue or freak waves that may arise as a result of rapid
coalescence of discrete breathers or other nonlinear interaction processes. We
find power law dependence in the wave amplitude distribution accompanied by an
enhanced probability for freak events close to the integrable limit of the
equation. A characteristic peak in the extreme event probability appears that
is attributed to the onset of interaction of the discrete solitons of the AL
equation and the accompanied transition from the local to the global
stochasticity monitored through the positive Lyapunov exponent of a nonlinear
map.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; reference added, figure 2 correcte
Powerful H Line-cooling in Stephan's Quintet : I - Mapping the Significant Cooling Pathways in Group-wide Shocks
We present results from the mid-infrared spectral mapping of Stephan's
Quintet using the Spitzer Space Telescope. A 1000 km/s collision has produced a
group-wide shock and for the first time the large-scale distribution of warm
molecular hydrogen emission is revealed, as well as its close association with
known shock structures. In the main shock region alone we find 5.0
M of warm H spread over 480 kpc and
additionally report the discovery of a second major shock-excited H
feature. This brings the total H line luminosity of the group in excess of
10 erg/s. In the main shock, the H line luminosity exceeds, by a
factor of three, the X-ray luminosity from the hot shocked gas, confirming that
the H-cooling pathway dominates over the X-ray. [Si II]34.82m
emission, detected at a luminosity of 1/10th of that of the H, appears to
trace the group-wide shock closely and in addition, we detect weak
[FeII]25.99m emission from the most X-ray luminous part of the shock.
Comparison with shock models reveals that this emission is consistent with
regions of fast shocks (100 < < 300 km/s) experiencing depletion of
iron and silicon onto dust grains. Star formation in the shock (as traced via
ionic lines, PAH and dust emission) appears in the intruder galaxy, but most
strikingly at either end of the radio shock. The shock ridge itself shows
little star formation, consistent with a model in which the tremendous H
power is driven by turbulent energy transfer from motions in a post-shocked
layer. The significance of the molecular hydrogen lines over other measured
sources of cooling in fast galaxy-scale shocks may have crucial implications
for the cooling of gas in the assembly of the first galaxies.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, Accepted to Ap
Abrupt changes in alpha decay systematics as a manifestation of collective nuclear modes
An abrupt change in decay systematics around the N=126 neutron shell
closure is discussed. It is explained as a sudden hindrance of the clustering
of the nucleons that eventually form the particle. This is because the
clustering induced by the pairing mode acting upon the four nucleons is
inhibited if the configuration space does not allow a proper manifestation of
the pairing collectivity.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, a few new references
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Re-evaluation of cosmic ray cutoff terminology
The study of cosmic ray access to locations inside the geomagnetic field has evolved in a manner that has led to some misunderstanding and misapplication of the terminology originally developed to describe particle access. This paper presents what is believed to be a useful set of definitions for cosmic ray cutoff terminology for use in theoretical and experimental cosmic ray studies
Time-varying Learning and Content Analytics via Sparse Factor Analysis
We propose SPARFA-Trace, a new machine learning-based framework for
time-varying learning and content analytics for education applications. We
develop a novel message passing-based, blind, approximate Kalman filter for
sparse factor analysis (SPARFA), that jointly (i) traces learner concept
knowledge over time, (ii) analyzes learner concept knowledge state transitions
(induced by interacting with learning resources, such as textbook sections,
lecture videos, etc, or the forgetting effect), and (iii) estimates the content
organization and intrinsic difficulty of the assessment questions. These
quantities are estimated solely from binary-valued (correct/incorrect) graded
learner response data and a summary of the specific actions each learner
performs (e.g., answering a question or studying a learning resource) at each
time instance. Experimental results on two online course datasets demonstrate
that SPARFA-Trace is capable of tracing each learner's concept knowledge
evolution over time, as well as analyzing the quality and content organization
of learning resources, the question-concept associations, and the question
intrinsic difficulties. Moreover, we show that SPARFA-Trace achieves comparable
or better performance in predicting unobserved learner responses than existing
collaborative filtering and knowledge tracing approaches for personalized
education
Statistical mechanics of a nonlinear discrete system
Statistical mechanics of the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is
studied by means of analytical and numerical techniques. The lower bound of the
Hamiltonian permits the construction of standard Gibbsian equilibrium measures
for positive temperatures. Beyond the line of , we identify a phase
transition, through a discontinuity in the partition function. The phase
transition is demonstrated to manifest itself in the creation of breather-like
localized excitations. Interrelation between the statistical mechanics and the
nonlinear dynamics of the system is explored numerically in both regimes.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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