Formulation of vegan nutritional gummy supplements and their textural-organoleptic analysis

Gummy supplements are an exceptional medium for delivering pharmaceuticals and nutritional bioactives, especially for children. Interestingly, they are increasingly finding favor among adults as effective bioactive delivery systems. This study aimed to identify and select natural vegan components for creating and developing gummy prototypes. The gelling agent was agar-agar, sourced from red algae, and combined with carrageenan to enhance compressibility. Phycocyanin from Spirulina and anthocyanin from purple cabbage were used as colorants to provide a range of natural hues. The study resulted in five distinct formulations: Blueberry Anthocyanin Vitamin D (BAD), Blueberry Anthocyanin Vitamin C (BAC), Mango Antacid Anthocyanin (MAA), Mango Flavored Phycocyanin (MFP), and Kiwi Flavored Spirulina (KFS) gummies. Notably, the MAA gummy exhibited suboptimal texture quality during preliminary assessments and was consequently excluded from further analysis.Across the formulations, no visible color changes were noted upon room temperature storage for a week.  The BAD gummy displayed heightened adhesiveness and springiness in texture, while the KFS gummy demonstrated superior cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess in its fresh state.Interestingly, the BAD gummy exhibited the highest adhesion even in the one-week-old samples.The outcome of the 9-point hedonic sensory evaluation unveiled that the cyan shade, derived from the phycocyanin pigment of Spirulina, was the most preferred color among the gummies. Regarding overall likability, the MFP and BAC formulations garnered the highest responses for being 'liked extremely'. The uniqueness of the present work lies in its meticulous exploration and selection of natural vegan ingredients to craft gummy formulations with diverse bioactive and sensory attributes.

Energy spectra of buoyancy-driven bubbly flow in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell

We present direct numerical simulations (DNS) study of confined buoyancy-driven bubbly flows in a Hele-Shaw setup. We investigate the spectral properties of the flow and make comparisons with experiments. The energy spectrum obtained from the gap-averaged velocity field shows $E(k) \sim k$ for $k k_d$, and an intermediate scaling range with $E(k) \sim k^{-3}$ around $k \sim k_d$. We perform an energy budget analysis to understand the dominant balances and explain the observed scaling behavior. We also show that the Navier-Stokes equation with a linear drag can be used to approximate large scale flow properties of bubbly Hele-Shaw flow

Optimization of sowing dates in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to combat yield losses caused by high temperature at reproductive stage

A field experiment was undertaken during the Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2021-22 at organic farm of Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, for the optimization of the sowing time period to reduce the effect of heat stress on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) for increasing productivity. 32 Indian mustard germplasms were sown at three different time periods viz., the last week of September, the last fortnight of October, and the second week of November. Our results revealed that the mustard crop showed a substantial increase in yield supporting characters such as the number of siliqua and seeds per siliqua when sown at last week of September as compared to the second week of October, whereas the late sown crop resulted in less yield due to the heat stress faced by crop during the anthesis stage as compared to early and optimum sowing. The mean seed yield per plant showed a positive correlation with mean test weight. We established the positive effect of early sowing over optimal and late sowing in Indian mustard; further, we found a few mustard accessions were able to resist different climatic conditions. The mustard germplasm accessions IC296688, IC296703, IC296732, IC305130, IC401575, IC426385, and IC589669 were high yielding among all the accessions and can be considered as heat stress tolerant

IN VITRO CULTURE OF MOSS BRYUM CORONATUM SCHWAEGR.(BRYACEAE) AND IT'S PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to establish in vitro conditions for moss Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. And to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening of B. coronatum leaf extracts in different solvents. Methods: Fresh unopened, mature capsules were used as explant and surface sterilization of spores bearing capsule with different concentration of sodium hypochlorite (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) with different time duration. The Mu­rashige and Skoog (MS) medium that contains different concentration(full,1/2, 1/4th, 1/8th strength) with different concentration of sucrose were used for culture this moss. Phytochemical screening were carried out using ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extract of B. coronatum to identify various constitutes using the standard procedures. Results: Surface sterilization of spores of this moss was most effective in 4% commercial bleach for 1 min sterilization. The optimum condition for germination of spores and for proper growth of gametophytes B. coronatum on MS/4 medium strength with sucrose (1.5%), at pH 5.8 and temperature 22±2ºC with 16/8h: light/dark condition. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins in all extracts. Conclusion: Four percentage NaOCl aqueous solutions are better for surface sterilization of moss sporophytes. MS/4 medium with 1.5% sucrose found the best medium for spore germination. Solvents extracts showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins in all extracts

Role of Diet, Fasting and Drugs in Blood Purification and Prevention of Diseases based on Charak Samhita

Ayurveda is the science which deals with individual as a whole rather than mere focussing on sign and symptoms and hence is individual specific and all about the knowledge and existence of "Ayu" which is nothing but the conjunction and continuation of four components i.e., Sharira, Indriya, Satwa and Atma, where Sharira and Indriya are tangible while Satwa (Manas) and Atma are intangible. Individual is the epitome of the universe and hence affected and influenced at both gross and subtle level and three sub-pillars i.e., Aahar, Nindra and Brahmacharya have huge impact in all the dimensions of Ayu directly affecting the state of health and hence happiness when used wisely, again vitiation of Doshas and manifestation of diseases when used unwisely (Pragyaphradha).   Aacharya Sushruta has considered Rakta as 4th Doshas, so the importance of proper formation and its role in formation and maintenance of other Dhatus and Ojas depends entirely on the diet and life style of each and every individual. The properties of pure blood and also of impure blood along with every factor either physical or emotional affecting the Rakta has been told with enumeration of various pathological conditions arising out of this

Modulation of p21, DAPK1 and COX-2 during the DMBA/TPA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis and its prevention by phytic acid

Chemoprevention by naturally occurring agents is gaining much attention as a newer dimension in the management of cancer. Many naturally occurring agents have shown cancer chemopreventive potential in a variety of bioassay systems and animal models, having relevance to human disease. Phytic acid or Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), an antioxidant, is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that has shown a strong anticancer activity in several experimental models. We assessed the protective effects of Phytic acid against the 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA)/ 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) induced mouse skin tumorigenesis at 4 and 16 weeks, the time before and after the tumor development. At molecular level we studied expression and promoter CpG methylation status of p21, DAPK1 and COX-2. Our data suggests exposure of DMBA/TPA methylated the promoter region of p21 and DAPK1 genes in time dependent manner that could be the cause of down regulation of their expression with time, which were reversed by administration of phytic acid. But we did not observe methylation in COX-2 whereas upregulation of COX-2 was observed at protein level in mice treated with DMBA followed by TPA in time dependent manner. Administration of phytic acid prevented theses DMBA/TPA induced molecular changes. Study provides a rationale for cancer chemoprevention by natural occurring compounds like Phytic acid