Strength & Conduct of Reinforced Concrete Corner Joint under Negative Moment Effect

The aim of our study is to reveal the effect of steel reinforcement details,tensile steel reinforcement ratio, compressed reinforcing steel ratio,reinforcing steel size, corner joint shape on the strength of reinforcedconcrete Fc' and delve into it for the most accurate details and concreteconnections about the behavior and resistance of the corner joint ofreinforced concrete, Depending on the available studies and sources inaddition to our study, we concluded that each of these effects had a clearrole in the behavior and resistance of the corner joint of reinforced concreteunder the influence of the negative moment and yield stress. A studyof the types of faults that can be reinforced angle joints obtains detailsand conditions of crushing that are almost identical for all types of steelreinforcement details and the basic requirements for the acceptable behaviorof reinforced concrete joints in the installations and the efficiency of thejoint and this may help us to prepare for disasters, whether natural or other,as happens with tremors The floor and failure that may occur due to wrongdesigns or old buildings and the possibility of using those connections totreat those joints and sections in reinforced or unarmed concrete facilitiesto preserve the safety of humans and buildings from sudden disasters andreduce and reduce risks, as well as qualitative control over the productionof concrete connections and sections free from defects to the extreme

Error Analysis: A Case Study of High Basic Stage Students in Latin Secondary School in Zarqa, Jordan

Errors made by Jordanian school students due to transfer from Arabic to English were analyzed in an attempt to help them overcome their weakness. The subjects of the study are private mixed school students in Zarqa. They are in the tenth grade and have been taught English mainly by Arab teachers. The study consists of 32 students who were asked to write a paragraph consists of 100 to 150 words. They were given sufficient time and asked to write freely and to express their points of view about the given topic. Errors from the scripts were analyzed on the basis of models given in literature. All types of errors were committed by the students which suggest that attention should be devoted to writing at high basic stage . Keywords: Error Analysis; Sources of Errors; Error Identification and Categorizatio

Inference About The Generalized Exponential Quantiles Based On Progressively Type-Ii Censored Data

In this study, we are interested in investigating the performance of likelihood inference procedures for the ℎ quantile of the Generalized Exponential distribution based on progressively censored data. The maximum likelihood estimator and three types of classical confidence intervals have been considered, namely asymptotic, percentile, and bootstrap-t confidence intervals. We considered Bayesian inference too. The Bayes estimator based on the squared error loss function and two types of Bayesian intervals were considered, namely the equal tailed interval and the highest posterior density interval. We conducted simulation studies to investigate and compare the point estimators in terms of their biases and mean squared errors. We compared the various types of intervals using their coverage probability and expected lengths. The simulations and comparisons were made under various types of censoring schemes and sample sizes. We presented two examples for data analysis, one of them is based on simulated data set and the other one based on a real lifetime data. Finally, we compared the classical inference and the Bayesian inference procedures. We concluded that Bias and MSE for classical statistics estimators show bitter results than the Bayesian estimators. Also, Bayesian intervals which attain the nominal error rate have the best average widths. We presented our conclusions and discussed ideas for possible future research

The Impact of Societal Transformations on the Urban Spaces During the Local Festivals

Urban Spaces had played an important role in the individuals’ psychological life and in their integration with their environment as it’s considered as the mediator through which the interactions between people with each other and with their natural environment, they can exchange their cultures and spread activities. Despite its importance, many communities suffer from the absence of positive communication between individuals and place they belong to or lack of happiness while being in it. The reason for that is the ignorance of some urban designer to the role of the humanity in the process of the design and its impact on the formation of the urban spaces, though through urban design the complexities of the place can be managed and a general framework for change can be created by designing a compatible and sustainable space for users depending on the events and activities located in it that show political, social and economic transformations that occurs to the communities and affect the social development for individuals. Although there are social diversity among members of the same community but it was observed that there is a similarity in their behaviors towards certain positions, which expresses their culture. Social celebrations (Festivals) are considered the most effective patronize for social formats impact on the spatial formation, as it helps in supporting the idea of individuals’ belonging to the place since the human there is the main sponsor for forming the spaces that contain all the activities and events that may be specific or temporary with a time or an event, and thus it was essential to show physical and non-physical components for space formation in order to gain access to identify the reciprocal relationship between the individual and the place and highlight the most important and successful spatial expressions that help boost the spirit of communication between individuals and develop a sense of belonging to the place. The paper examines how the dynamics of social life at the local scale are shaped by the special spatial arrangements created for urban festival events by the observation of the social changes impact on the resulting urban transformations during festival and its role in individuals’ sense of belonging substation

Tourism Development Based on Local Culture in Segaran Village, Karawang, West Java

Indonesia is rich in regional cultural arts, a legacy of past history that has enough potential to develop into tourism area. Tourism can be relied on to improve the welfare and national development. Segaran village has many temples, the two biggest are The Jiwa Temple and The Blandongan Temple. Both have the potential, which is the natural beauty and the history behind it. However, the temples that are supposed to bring in both local and foreign tourists like other heritage sites in Indonesia should be able to improve the economy in the region itself. While Segaran Village is still far from that, it still needs development, especially at supporting facilities such as homestay, restaurants and souvenir’s shops. Based on this, the researchers intend to map the tourist attraction typology in order to develop the potential in village. It is a qualitative research done to find out what things can be developed, how the development works, and what are the obstacles in the development process. Based on the result, it was found that in Segaran Village, especially Jiwa Temple and Blandongan Temple, didn’t have enough supporting facilities for visitors, so many visitors who just came to see it did not enjoy the tourist attractions. Supporting facilities that need to be developed include homestays, children’s playgrounds, restaurants, and souvenirs. Segaran Village’s position currently still ate the first of development. So that the current potential if it is not followed up with good development strategies will decrease the potential.     Keywords: tourism developing, local culture, Segaran Villag

On The Nearby-Tip Strain Investigation and Failure-Propability Evaluation for Impacted Thin Plates Using the 2-Random-Variables Multi-Canonical-Based Joint Propability Distributions

The study of the validity and probability of failure in solids and structures is highly considered as one of the most incredibly-highlighted study fields in many science and engineering applications, the design analysts must therefore seek to investigate the points where the failing strains may be occurred, the probabilities of which these strains can cause the existing cracks to propagate through the fractured medium considered, and thereafter the solutions by which the analysts can adopt the approachable techniques to reduce/arrest these propagating cracks.In the present study a theoretical investigation upon simply-supported thin plates having surface cracks within their structure is to be accomplished, and the applied impact load to these thin plates tends to induce almost infinite strains nearby the crack tip of the existing cracks. The distribution of these strains and the probability distribution of failure due to these strains are to be of a particular importance within the current research.Within the current study a modified theoretical technique, which is derived from the classical plate theory, whose concepts are illustrating the required plane-stress conditions for fractured thin plates, taking into consideration the impact-load effects in conjunction with the fracture-mechanics concepts, is to be followed and obeyed so as to arrive at the required equations representing the nearby-tip strains within the thin plates made from the pure aluminum 1100 type alloys. A further statistically-based analysis must lead into the utilization of the joint probability distributions having two random variables in order to construct the required probability distributions of the failure which may be occurred due to the highly-localized nearby-tip strains

A Combinatorial Approach to Obtain the Yield Probability Distribution along a Linearly-Loaded Cantilever Beam

The substantial key to initiate an explicit statistical formula for a physically specified continua is to consider a derivative expression, in order to identify the definitive configuration of the continua itself. Moreover, this statistical formula is to reflect the whole distribution of the formula of which the considered continua is the most likely to be dependent. However, a somewhat mathematically and physically tedious path to arrive at the required statistical formula is needed. The procedure in the present research is to establish, modify, and implement an optimized amalgamation between Airy stress function for elastically-deformed media and the multi-canonical joint probability density functions for multivariate distribution completion, so that the developed distribution is to exhibit a sophisticated illustration of yield probability distribution along a cantilever beam whose structure is subjected to a linearly-distributed load. This combinatorial approach is to clarify the intensity of the stresses exerted onto the beam, to standardize the terms of stresses and their affection and to convert them into a more significant depiction of a probability distribution

Development of Sublingual tablets of Bisoprolol Hemifumarate / Hydroxypropyl -β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Potential treatment of Angina Pectoris

Fast-disintegrating tablet drug delivery is gaining an importance for drug delivery technology especially for geriatric and pediatric patient because of swallowing difficulties.   In certain diseases such as hypertension and angina pectoris therapy, taking a fast pharmacological response is of important criteria. Thus, the aim of the present work was to prepare a novel fast disintegrating Bisoprolol Hemifumarate (BH) tablet formulation for sublingual administration based on the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin (HP-βCD) which forms an inclusion complex with (BH) to improve the permeability of the drug to sublingual membrane, in addition to mask the taste of the drug through the inclusion complex.  Attempt has been made to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of (BH) using superdistintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and crospovidone in concentration of (5%). Eight different formulae (B1-B8) with variation in tablet excipients were prepared by direct compression method using different mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan and polyethylene glycol 6000 at different concentration (3% and 6%) for reduction the flushing action of saliva and to provide enough contact time for drug to be absorbed. The tablets were evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution study. The formulae B2 and B7 possessed the lowest disintegration time due to the presence of the high concentration of chitosan, which has some disintegration action, thus were subjected to a pharmacokinetic study using human volunteers. The bioavailability of B2 was significantly higher than that of the reference (Concor®) (p > 0.05).  Thus, the present investigations suggest that (BH) sublingual tablets allowed the rapid tablet disintegration, improved bioavailability and effective in emergency treatment of anginal pain and hypertension

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue: a Single Institution Retrospective Cohort Study From Mansoura University Hospital

Background: Egyptian hospital–based statistics showed that head & neck carcinomas represent 18% of all cancers and mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. Our Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine serves a large rural area of the Delta region of Egypt. There is no previous study in our institution that focused on oral tongue carcinoma alone. This study aims in establishing the demographics, treatment outcome and prognostic factors of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 50 cases with oral tongue SCC treated in our department from January 2014 to December 2016 to evaluate the demography, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic modalities. We estimated the survival rates during the entire follow-up period by the Kaplan–Meier method. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed for prognostic factors determination. Results: The median follow-up was 30 months (range: 4-45 months). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 68% and 60% respectively. By univariate analysis, both advanced stages (III, IVA) and depth of invasion >0.5 cm were statistically significant as prognostic factors for 3-year DFS and OS rates. DFS rates were 34% vs. 98% for stage III and IVA vs. stage I and II respectively (p = 0.001); 52% vs. 78% for >0.5 cm vs. ≤0.5 cm depth of invasion (p = 0.003). OS rates were 36% vs. 99% for stage III and IVA vs. stage I and II respectively (p = 0.002); 52% vs. 80% for >0.5 cm vs. ≤0.5 cm depth of invasion (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting 3-year DFS and OS rates confirmed the statistical significance of the same 2 factors. Conclusions: The majority of our patients were males below 60 years. Tumors were mainly found at stage III and were moderately differentiated. Vascular invasion and lymphatic permeation were uncommon. Staging and tumor invasion depth significantly affected the outcome. The 3-year OS and DFS were 68% and 60% respectively