Relative growth of carcass tissues of goat kids from five breed Types finished on pasture or feedlot

he aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cross breeding, finishing system, and gender on the relative growth of carcass tissues of dairy kids. Seventy eight kids (39 male and 39 female) from five breed types were used: Alpine; ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA); ½ Nubian + ½ Alpine (½ ANA); ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine (¾ BA); and ½ Nubian + ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpine (TC). Kids were distributed into two finishing systems: in pasture with doe (FS1) and weaned in feedlot (FS2). Kids were slaughtered at a mean age of 128.4 ± 7.9 days and mean live weight of 22.07 kg. The mean weight of half carcasses was 5.09 kg. To determine allometric growth, we used the exponential equation Y= aXb. In the half carcass, muscle tissue showed comparatively early growth in group ½ BA, whereas fat tissue of animals in FS1 had relatively late growth. Females exhibited early growth of muscle tissue, while in males this tissue was intermediate. The ½ BA first-cross improved carcass characteristics by enhancing the growth of muscle tissue

Degustación de quesos no tradicionales por consumidores no entrenados: Degustação de queijos não tradicionais por consumidores não treinados

Productores a pequeña escala de quesos tradicionales tienen la oportunidad de diversificar con diversos tipos de quesos. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue presentarles a degustación diversos quesos gourmet. Se seleccionaron 7 tipos de queso: Queso crema, Brie, Manchego, Provolone, Murcia al vino, Con miel y nuez, Gorgonzola. La degustación la realizó un grupo no entrenado en análisis sensorial, dicho grupo lo conformaban 30 personas de ambos sexos y diferentes edades, a cada juez se le ofreció una muestra de 20 g. de cada queso, iniciando con los de sabor más suaves a los más intensos. Para la evaluación se les proporciono un formato, donde evaluaron cada queso de acuerdo a su aceptación: Me gusto; No me agrada, ni me desagrada; No me gusto; ¿Por qué?. Las respuestas se transformaron a un valor: Me gusto = 3, No me agrada, ni me desagrada = 2 y No me gusto = 1. Las respuestas se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y se observó que el queso de cabra con miel y nuez fue el más aceptado (2.95), seguido por el queso crema (2.9) y el queso Manchego (2.7), ya con menos aceptación el queso Murcia al vino (1.95), el Provolone (1.8), y el Brie (1.75), quedando al final el Gorgonzola (1.3). La degustación rompió el paradigma de forma, sabor y olor del queso en esta población, identificando que los jueces se inclinaron por una textura suave del queso de cabra con miel y nuez, y del queso crema. Por lo que hay potencial en entrenamiento de fabricación y consumos de nuevos tipos de queso de leche de cabra

Parâmetros ruminais e produtivos de cabras alimentadas com raspa de mandioca em substituição ao milho

This study was conducted to evaluate the substitution of corn by cassava in supplementation of Alpine does on dry matter intake (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and metabolizable energy (ME), yield and milk composition, apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF and also on the grazing behavior in tobiatã grass. The experiment lasted 72 days, were used eight lactating does, distributed in two Latin squares (4 x 4) balanced. The treatments were as following: 0, 33, 67 and 100% replacement of corn by cassava. The inclusion of cassava caused a linear increase in the NFC consumption and DM digestibility. The substitution had no effect on milk yield and feeding behavior of the animals in this way, cassava can replace totally the corn in the supplement provided to does without harming the production of milk.O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição do milho pela raspa de mandioca na dieta de cabras Alpinas sobre o consumo de massa seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e energia metabolizável (EM), sobre a produção e composição do leite, digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB e FDN e também sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos animais em pastagem de capim-tobiatã. O experimento teve duração de 72 dias, em que foram utilizadas oito cabras em lactação, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (4 x 4) balanceados. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de 0, 33, 67 e 100% de substituição do milho pela raspa de mandioca no concentrado. A inclusão da mandioca proporcionou aumento linear no consumo de CNF e na digestibilidade da MS. A substituição não influenciou a produção e composição do leite e no comportamento ingestivo dos animais, dessa maneira, a raspa de mandioca pode substituir totalmente o milho no concentrado fornecido às cabras sem trazer prejuízos à produção de leite.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Crescimento relativo dos cortes e tecidos da carcaça de caprinos de cinco grupos raciais terminados em pasto ou confinamento

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento relativo dos cortes comerciais e dos tecidos da carcaça de caprinos. Foram utilizados 78 cabritos, machos e fêmeas, de cinco grupos raciais: Alpino; 1/2 Boer + 1/2 Alpino (1/2 BA); 1/2 Anglo Nubiano + 1/2 Alpino (1/2 ANA); 3/4 Boer + 1/4 Alpino (3/4 BA); e ½ Anglo Nubiano + ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpino (TC). Os grupos foram distribuídos em dois sistemas de terminação, pasto (ST1) e confinamento (ST2). Os cabritos foram abatidos em média aos 22,07 kg de peso vivo e 128,4 ± 7,9 dias. O peso médio das meias carcaças foi de 5,09 kg. Para determinação do crescimento alométrico foi utilizada a equação exponencial Y = aXb. O cruzamento com a raça Anglo Nubiana proporcionou o crescimento precoce da perna em relação ao peso da meia carcaça (PMC). O lombo cresceu tardiamente nos animais Alpinos e ½ ANA. Nos animais do grupo TC as costelas apresentaram crescimento tardio. Os cruzamentos não influenciaram no desenvolvimento do pescoço. A paleta foi considerada precoce nos animais ½ BA e TC. O tecido muscular, em relação ao PMC, apresentou crescimento precoce no grupo ½ BA. No ST1, a paleta cresceu precocemente, enquanto no ST2 este crescimento foi isogônico. O tecido adiposo dos animais do ST1 foi depositado tardiamente. As fêmeas apresentaram crescimento precoce de perna e tecido muscular, que nos machos foi considerado intermediário. O crescimento dos caprinos é influenciado pelos cruzamentos raciais, sistema de terminação e sexoThis work was conducted with the objective of evaluate the relative growth of carcass cuts and tissues of goats. Seventy-eight male and female kids from five racial groups were used: Alpine; ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA); ½ Nubian + ½ Alpine (½ ANA); ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine (¾ BA); and ½ Nubian + ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpine (TC); distributed in two finishing systems, pasture (FS1) and feedlot (FS2). The kids were slaughtered at an average of 22.07 kg of live weight and 128.4 ± 7.9 days. The average weight of half carcasses was 5.09 kg. To determine the allometric growth the exponential equation was used Y= aXb. The crossing with the Anglo Nubian provided the early growth of the leg in relation to the half carcass weight. The loin grew late in the Alpine animals and ½ the ANA. In animals from group TC ribs grew late. The crossings did not influence the development of the neck. The palette was considered earlier in kids ½ BA and TC. Muscle tissue in relation to the half carcass, grew early in the group ½ BA. In FS1, the palette grew early, while this growth was intermediate in FS2. The fat tissue of animals in FS1 had a late growth. The females showed early growth of leg and muscle tissue, while in males was considered intermediate. The growth of goats is influenced by the crossings, sex and finishing systemConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Yield, composition, and fatty acid profile of milk from Anglo Nubian goats fed a diet supplemented with vegetable oils

We aimed to evaluate the inclusion of three sources of vegetable oil in the diet of lactating goats on production in 120 days of lactation and the effect of these sources and lactation stage on fortnightly composition and fatty acid profile of goat milk at 20, 50, 80, and 110 days of lactation. A completely randomized design was adopted and 32 Anglo Nubian goats were used, distributed in four treatments: control diet and diets with inclusion of 30 g/kg of dry matter of diet of canola, sunflower, or soybean oil. The dairy production was 182.75 kg, and there was no difference for treatments. Among the constituents, only urea nitrogen was influenced by treatment and presented lower content for control treatment. Day of lactation had an effect on lactose. Defatted dry extract and somatic cell count had a quadratic effect with minimum values around 100 and 33 days of lactation, respectively. The content of urea nitrogen, also with a quadratic effect, was higher at 93 days of lactation. For protein, there was an interaction between treatments and period and, at the end of lactation, its content was increased. The inclusion of vegetable oils promoted reduction in total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increased the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid. The proportions MUFA:SFA and PUFA:SFA, the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes, and the relation hypocholesterolemic fatty acids:hypercholesterolemic fatty acids improved with oil addition in animal diets. The addition of vegetable oil to diets for lactating goats improve the fatty acid profile with no impairment on milk production and composition, and the milk from early stages of lactation has better nutritional quality of the lipid fractio

Características de carcaça de caprinos de cinco grupos raciais criados em confinamento Carcass traits of characteristics of kid goats from five breed groups raised in a feedlot system

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do grupo racial e da condição sexual nas características da carcaça de caprinos jovens criados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 91 animais, 52 machos e 39 fêmeas, pertencentes a cinco grupos raciais: Alpino, ½Boer + ½Alpino, ½Anglo Nubiano + ½Alpino, ¾Boer + ¼Alpino, e ½Anglo Nubiano + ¼Boer + ¼Alpino. Foi tomado o peso ao jejum, no dia do abate, após 24 horas de jejum de sólidos. Foram tomadas medidas biométricas e de carcaça, objetiva e subjetivamente. O grupo racial influenciou a altura de cernelha, o comprimento interno e externo da carcaça e o comprimento de perna, que foram maiores nos animais Alpinos, bem como a largura do peito, o escore corporal, os índices de compacidade da carcaça e da perna e a cobertura de gordura da carcaça, que foram melhores nos animais com grau de sangue Boer. Animais machos tiveram maior altura de cernelha, medidas da estérnebra com ultrassom, comprimento interno da carcaça, comprimento de perna, profundidade dos tecidos na altura da 3ª e 4ª estérnebras tomadas na carcaça. Nas demais características corporais avaliadas, não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos raciais e sexo dos animais. O cruzamento do grupo Boer com Alpino reduz o comprimento das carcaças e aumenta a cobertura de gordura e a quantidade de tecidos depositados, mas não influencia o desempenho do animal.<br>This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of breed groups and sexual conditional on carcass traits of young goats raised in feedlot. It was used 91 animals, 52 males and 39 females, belonging to five breed groups: Alpine, ½Boer + ½Alpine, ½Nubian + ½Alpine, ¾Boer + ¼Alpine and ½ Anglo-Nubian + ¼Boer + ¼Alpine. On the slaughter day, the shrunk weight was measured after 24 hours of solid fasting. Biometric and carcass measures were objectively and subjectively taken. Racial group influenced withers, internal and external carcass length, and leg length, which were greater for Alpine animals, as well as chest width, body condition score, carcass and leg compactness index and fat thickness on carcass, which were better in animals with Boer blood degree. Male animals showed greater withers, measures of sternebrae by ultrasound, internal carcass length, leg length, tissue depth height between 3rd and 4th sternebrae measured on carcass. On the other body evaluated characteristics, it was not found any differences among breed groups and sex of the animals. Crossing Boer with Alpine reduces carcass length, and increases fat thickness and deposited tissue, however, it does not change animal performance