(In)visibilidade das brincadeiras lúdico-agressivas na educação infantil: compreensões a partir das crianças

This article analyzes the (in)visibility of ludic-aggressive play in Early Childhood Education, in dialog with the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Sociology of Childhood. Using an ethnography with episodes of interaction, the production of data revealed categories of analysis on listening and children's participation: approaches, records, and dialogues with and between children. As a result, we emphasize that to be recognized, children's cultural productions need to be visible and meaningful, so that it is possible to build bridges and shortcuts with the children themselves, pointing out that daily life can reveal harmony based on differences in perspectives, actions, and understandings.Este artículo analisa la (in)visibilidade de los juegos lúdico-agresivos en la Educación Infantil, en diálogo con los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos de la Sociología de la Infancia. Utilizando la etnografía, con episodios de interacción, la producción de datos reveló categorías de análisis sobre la escucha y la participación infantil: abordajes, registros y diálogos con y entre niños. Como resultado, destacamos que para que las producciones culturales infantiles sean reconocidas, necesitan ser visibles y tener sentidotengan visibilidad y sentido, de modo que sea posible construir puentes y atajos con los propios niños, para señalar que la vida cotidiana puede revelar armonía a partir de diferentes perspectivas, acciones y comprensiones.Este artigo analisa a (in)visibilidade das brincadeiras lúdico-agressivas na Educação Infantil, em diálogo com pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociologia da Infância. A partir do uso etnografia, com episódios de interação, a produção de dados evidenciou categorias de análise sobre a escuta e a participação infantil: aproximações, registros e diálogos com e entre as crianças. Como resultado, destacamos que as produções culturais infantis para que sejam reconhecidas, necessitam de visibilidade e precisam fazer sentido para que seja possível construir pontes e atalhos com as próprias crianças, a fim de sinalizar que o cotidiano pode revelar uma harmonia a partir das diferenças de olhares, ações e compreensões

Desarrollando conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable en jóvenes hospitalizados: una campaña de autorregulación

Background: Data from the World Health Organization shows obesity has more than doubled worldwide since 1980. Childhood obesity is mainly associated with external and modifiable factors, as eating habits, existing room for promoting healthy lifestyles. Additionally, learning can take place in contexts other than schools, as the hospital, potentiating the time of hospitalization. Self-regulated learning framework is suited to train the skills necessary for self-management processes and behavioral changes. The aim was to describe and evaluate a campaign designed to increase knowledge about healthy eating by hospitalized school-aged youth. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were randomly distributed between the experimental and control groups, each one with 15 participants aged between six and 16 years-old. Information about healthy eating was not provided directly; participants had to reflect and work to build knowledge through activities inspired in the self-regulated learning framework. Results: Results showed that the experimental group when compared with their counterparts significantly improved their knowledge on healthy eating after taking part in the campaign. Conclusions: Campaigns that increase knowledge on healthy eating based on the promotion of self-regulated learning strategies could be incorporated in health promotion programs not only in pediatric units but also in other educational contexts.Antecedentes: el informe de la Organización Mundial de Salud indicó que la obesidad más que duplicó desde 1980. La obesidad infantil es mayoritariamente asociada a causas externas y modificables, como hábitos de alimentación, y puede ser combatida a través de estilos de vida saludables. Las intervenciones educativas pueden ocurrir en el hospital, potenciando el tiempo de hospitalización. El entrenamiento puede ser realizado en el marco de la autorregulación del aprendizaje. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar una campaña de promoción del conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable entre jóvenes hospitalizados en edad escolar. Método: se usó un diseño cuasi-experimental. Los participantes fueron distribuidos al azar entre los grupos experimental y control, cada uno con 15 participantes de entre 6 y 16 años. La información sobre alimentación saludable no fue ofrecida directamente, los participantes tuvieron que reflexionar y trabajar para construir conocimiento, a través de actividades inspiradas en el aprendizaje autorregulado. Resultados: los resultados muestran que después de la campaña, el grupo experimental, comparando con el grupo de control, mejoró significativamente su conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable. Conclusiones: campañas para incrementar el conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable basadas en el marco de la autorregulación del aprendizaje podrían ser incorporadas en programas de promoción de la salud

Alterações da superfície e ponta ativa de mini-implantes de liga de titânio antes e após inserção em osso: um estudo in vitro

Introdução: Ao longo do tratamento ortodôntico um dos maiores desafios com que o ortodontista se depara é a manutenção da ancoragem uma vez que para todo o movimento dentário desejado numa determinada direção, existe sempre um movimento dentário indesejado dos restantes dentes na direção oposta. A ancoragem esquelética através de mini-implantes permite a realização de movimentos dentários dificilmente realizados anteriormente. Durante o processo de utilização do mini-implante de liga de titânio pode ocorrer corrosão e microfraturas, levando a uma alteração da estrutura e superfície. Objetivos: Avaliar as alterações na superfície dos mini-implantes de titânio, antes e após inserção em osso suíno; avaliar as alterações na ponta ativa dos mini-implantes de titânio, antes e após inserção em osso suíno. Materiais e Métodos: A superfície dos mini-implantes foi observada microscopicamente antes da inserção óssea. Posteriormente os mini-implantes foram inseridos em osso suíno e, após desinserção, a superfície foi observada microscopicamente. Resultados: Foram observadas pequenas fissuras e estrias nos mini-implantes de ambos os grupos. Para além das alterações morfológicas verificou-se a presença de partículas aderidas de matéria orgânica nos dois grupos. O achatamento da ponta ativa foi maior nos mini-implantes do grupo experimental. Conclusão: Existem alterações visíveis na morfologia superficial dos mini-implantes de liga de titânio (Ti6Al4V) dos dois grupos levando-nos a concluir que as alterações se devem, maioritariamente ao processo de fabrico e não ao processo de inserção e desinserção dos mini-implantes em osso.Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, one of the greatest challenges faced by orthodontists is anchorage maintenance, since for every tooth movement desired in a particular direction, there is always an undesired movement of the other teeth in the opposite direction. Skeletal anchorage using miniscrews allows dental movements that were hardly performed before. During the process of using titanium alloy mini-implants, corrosion and micro fractures may occur, leading to changes in the structure and surface. Objectives: Evaluate the changes on the surface of titanium mini-implants, before and after their insertion in porcine bone; Evaluate the changes in the active tip of titanium miniscrews before and after their insertion into porcine bone. Materials and Methods: The surface of the mini-implants will be microscopically observed before their bone insertion. Subsequently, the mini-implants will be inserted into porcine bone and then removed and the surface will be observed microscopically. Results: Small cracks and striations were observed in mini-implants of both groups. Besides morphological alterations, adhered particles of organic matter were found in both groups. The flattening of the active tip was greater in the mini-implants of the experimental group. Conclusion: There are visible changes in the surface morphology of the titanium alloy mini-implants (Ti6Al4V) of both groups leading us to conclude that the changes are mostly due to the manufacturing process and not to the process of insertion and removal of mini-implants in bone

Experiences during a psychoeducational intervention program run in a pediatric ward: a qualitative study

Hospitalization, despite its duration, is likely to result in emotional, social, and academic costs to school-age children and adolescents. Developing adequate psychoeducational activities and assuring inpatients' own class teachers' collaboration, allows for the enhancement of their personal and emotional competences and the maintenance of a connection with school and academic life. These educational programs have been mainly designed for patients with long stays and/or chronic conditions, in the format of Hospital Schools, and typically in pediatric Hospitals. However, the negative effects of hospitalization can be felt in internments of any duration, and children hospitalized in smaller regional hospitals should have access to actions to maintain the connection with their daily life. Thus, this investigation aims to present a psychoeducational intervention program theoretically grounded within the self-regulated learning (SRL) framework, implemented along 1 year in a pediatric ward of a regional hospital to all its school-aged inpatients, regardless of the duration of their stay. The program counts with two facets: the psychoeducational accompaniment and the linkage to school. All the 798 school-aged inpatients (M age = 11.7; SD age = 3.71; Mhospital stay = 4 days) participated in pedagogical, leisure nature, and SRL activities designed to train transversal skills (e.g., goal-setting). Moreover, inpatients completed assigned study tasks resulting from the linkage between the students' own class teachers and the hospital teacher. The experiences reported by parents/caregivers and class teachers of the inpatients enrolling in the intervention allowed the researchers to reflect on the potential advantages of implementing a psychoeducational intervention to hospitalized children and adolescents that is: individually tailored, focused on leisure playful theoretically grounded activities that allow learning to naturally occur, and designed to facilitate school re-entry after hospital discharge. Parents/caregivers highlighted that the program helped in the preparation for surgery and facilitated the hospitalization process, aided in the distraction from the health condition, promoted SRL competences, and facilitated the communication and linkage with school life. Class teachers emphasized the relevance of the program, particularly in the liaison between hospital and school, in the academic and psycho-emotional and leisure-educational support provided, and in smoothing the school re-entry.This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). PM was supported by a Post-Doctoral fellowship from the Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), University of Minho. RA was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)

The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of necrotizing soft tissue infections

Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, even when the correct treatment is initiated. The diagnosis of these conditions is hard and the most sensitive methods are time-consuming, expensive and not readily available. Point-of-care ultrasound can complement clinical evaluation to increase the diagnostic accuracy. Case presentation: We bring a case of a woman, without comorbidities, who presented to the emergency department with signs of soft tissue infection. Bedside ultrasound showed subcutaneous tissue thickening, with fluid accumulation, and subcutaneous gas in the affected area. Based on the clinical suspicion and the ultrasound findings, the patient underwent prompt medical treatment and surgical debridement. Conclusions: This case shows the utility of bedside ultrasound for the decision-making process in a disease where an early diagnosis is important. This information should always be used together with the clinical judgement, as it has a relative low sensitivity

Myiasis associated with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast: case study

Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old woman came to the Federal Hospital of Andaraí complaining of intense itching, warmth, redness and hardening of the breast, which had acquired the aspect of an orange peel. A lesion in the left breast was cavitated, dimpled, had fetid odor, and had fibrotic and infected air nodules filled with exudate and Dipteran larvae. The tissue was cleaned and 33 larvae were extracted. The patient was hospitalized and received Ivermectin. Eighteen of the larvae extracted from the patient were placed in 70% alcohol, and twelve were placed in a container with sterile wood shavings under controlled conditions until they metamorphosed into adults. The taxonomic identification of the flies revealed that the culprit was Cochliomyia hominivorax. A histopathological exam conducted three months earlier had revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Two months after the myiasis treatment, the breast tissue had healed. The patient had waited ten days from the onset of the myiasis to seek treatment, and that delay interfered negatively in the prognosis of both the neoplasm and the myiasis. This study is relevant to public health in view of the strong social impact of myiasis

Viable but non-culturable state: a strategy for Staphylococcus aureus survivable in dual-species biofilms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

While considerable research has focused on studying individual-species, we now face the challenge of determining how interspecies interactions alter bacterial behaviours and pathogenesis. Of particular interest is the ecological behaviour between P. aeruginosa-S. aureus, since microbial communities containing both pathogens can display enhanced virulence. Curiously, their interaction is often reported as competitive under laboratory conditions. Here we investigate the interaction between P. aeruginosa-S. aureus in a biofilm co-culture model. The growth of 24- and 48h-old dual-species biofilms was monitored by CFU and flow-cytometry counting, and the gene expression profile inspected by qPCR. Plating experiments showed that S. aureus growth significantly decreased from 24- up to 72-h of growth in dual-species biofilms with P. aeruginosa, suggesting a clear competitive advantage for P. aeruginosa after 24-h. The gene expression profile showed that P. aeruginosa PA14 significantly overexpressed several key virulence-related genes (pqsE, rhlR, pvdE and lasI) after 24-h of growth with S. aureus ATCC 25923, comparatively with singles-pecies biofilms, which could justify the rapid decline of S. aureus population after 24-h of co-culture with P. aeruginosa. Nevertheless, the isolated strain P. aeruginosa 362668 non-mucoid exhibited a reverse pattern by downregulated the expression of those genes during dual-species growth. As P. aeruginosa exoproducts in addition to cause S. aureus lysis or inhibition may also induce biofilm dispersion, the bulk-fluid of 48-h biofilms was analysed by culture counts and flow-cytometry. Interestingly, while no S. aureus cells were detected by CFU, flow-cytometry data revealed the presence of S. aureus in high numbers (~6 Log). The metabolic activity of S. aureus cells was confirmed by measure the expression levels of sodA gene. In conclusion, the presence of S. aureus in a viable but non-cultivable state within dual-species biofilms with P. aeruginosa underscores the impact of interspecies interactions on antibiotic efficacy in the context of polymicrobial infections.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit; European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte for the BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004); COMPETE2020 and FCT for the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029841. The authors also thank FCT for the PhD Grant of Andreia Patrícia Magalhães [grant number SFRH/BD/132165/2017]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

“COVID-19 in Trials and Tribulations” Project: A Self-Regulation-Based Support Response for Confined Families through Social Networks

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed today’s society in an unprecedented scenario. During Portugal’s first home confinement period (March–July 2020), the online-based “COVID-19 in Trials and Tribulations” project was implemented to support families with school-aged children. The project was grounded on the self-regulation framework and delivered through Facebook® and Instagram® pages. Being responsive to ongoing developments of the pandemic, activities were conveyed in two phases. Phase 1 occurred during lockdown (school was suspended). Phase 2 occurred while students were enrolled in at-distance (online) school. The present study aimed to examine the reach of the project, while examining the content and format of delivery that generated the most engagement among the users (4500 Facebook® effective followers; 1200 Instagram® effective followers) during the confinement period. Results showed that, at the individual page level, Facebook® had higher reach indicators compared to Instagram®, except for video. At the Facebook® post level, followers and users showed more engagement with the page prior to the at-distance schooling phase; however, videos still generated engagement (p = 0.002). Both the post type (p p < 0.001) of publication were suggested to be good predictors of engagement. The information gathered will help design and inform future interventions that may be implemented as new lockdowns are set in place

Antimicrobial resistance three ways: healthcare crisis, major concepts, and the relevance of biofilms

Worldwide, infections are resuming their role as highly effective killing diseases, as current treatments are failing to respond to the growing problem that is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The social and economical burden of AMR seems ever rising, with health- and research-related organizations rushing to collaborate on a worldwide scale to find effective solutions. Resistant bacteria are spreading even in first-world nations, being found not only in healthcare-related settings, but also in food and in the environment. In this mini-review, the impact of AMR in healthcare systems and the major bacteria behind it are highlighted. Ecological aspects of AMR evolution and the complexity of its molecular mechanisms are explained. Major concepts, such as intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance, as well as tolerance and heteroresistance, are also clarified. More importantly, the problematic of biofilms and their role in AMR, namely its main resistance and tolerance mechanisms, is elucidated. Finally, some of the most promising anti-biofilm strategies being investigated are reviewed. Much is still to be done regarding the study of AMR and the discovery of new anti-biofilm strategies. Gladly, considerable research on this topic is generated every day and increasingly concerted actions are being engaged globally to try and tackle this problem.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors also acknowledge COMPETE2020 and FCT for the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029841, and FCT for the PhD Grants of Andreia Magalhães [grant number SFRH/BD/132165/2017] and Tânia Grainha [grant number SFRH/BD/136544/2018].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Degree of conversion and microhardness of resin cements photoactivated through glass ceramic

To assess whether glass-ceramic shade, thickness and translucency affect degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of resin cements photoactivated using light-emitting diode (LED) or quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) units. Glass-ceramic bloc