Sufficient Conditions, Cost Bounds, and Approximation Algorithms for the Graph Bisectioning Problem

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratorySemiconductor Research Corporation / SRC 86-12-10

A Characterization of the Smallest Eigenvalue of a Graph

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryAir Force Office of Scientific Research / AFOSR 88-018

Some NP-Complete Problems in the Physical Design of Digital Integrated Circuits

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratorySemiconductor Research Corporation / SRC-87-DP-109HA

ANTIUROLITHIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA IN ALBINO RATS

                                                        ABSTRACT Objective:      To evaluate the antiurolithic activity of aqueous extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira (AQERCP) in 2% Ammonium chloride (AC) and 0.75% Ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in albino rats. Methods :  Urolithiasis was induced in rats by supplying drinking water mixed with 2 % (AC) and 0.75 % (EG) for 10 days. Calculi were confirmed by the high urinary levels of calcium, uric acid and low levels of magnesium and high levels of serum creatinine and calcium. The animals were treated with 03 doses of AQERCP i.e., 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg respectively orally in different groups of rats once daily for 10 days along with 2 % (AC) and 0.75% (EG) mixed drinking water. On 11th day 3 rats from each group were kept in one metabolic cage and urine (pooled) collected for 24 h was subjected for estimation of various biochemical parameters. Blood was collected on the same day and analysed for various parameters. Kidneys were observed for the histopathological changes.Results: Rats treated with 03 doses of AQERCP significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced urinary calcium, uric acid and increased urinary magnesium levels, reduced serum calcium, creatinine and increased serum magnesium. Histopathology of kidneys in groups treated with AQERCP at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses revealed less tissue damage and the cytology of nephrotic tissue was almost similar to the control Group I rats.Conclusion :              Results showed AQERCP has shown significant antiurolithic effect against chemical induced urolithiasis in rats.Keywords :  C.pareira,  Roots extracts, Antiurolithic activity, Ammonium chloride, Ethylene glycol .                                                     Â

Integer Compositions Using Simulated Annealing

Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryAFOSR 88-0181U.S. Army Research Offic

Diuretic activity of aqueous extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira in albino rats

Background: Diuretic compounds that stimulate the excretion of water with small traceable ions are potentially useful in most of disorders including those exhibiting edema such as congestive heart failure, nephritis, toxemia of pregnancy, premenstrual tension, and hypertension. The aim was to evaluate the diuretic activity of aqueous extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira (AQERCP) by Lipschitz method in albino rats.Methods: Five groups of Albino rats were used to evaluate the diuretic activity of AQERCP by using metabolic cages. The Group I serves as normal control received vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose 2% in normal saline), the Group II furosemide (10 mg/Kg, p.o) in vehicle; other Groups III, IV, and V were treated with low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), and high (400 mg/kg) doses of AQERCP in vehicle. Immediately, after the extract treatment all the rats were hydrated with saline (15 ml/kg, p.o) and placed in the metabolic cages (3/cage), specially designed to separate urine and faeces, kept at 21°C±0.5°C.The total volume of urine collected was measured at the end of 5th hr. During this period, no food and water was made available to animals. Various parameters such as total urine volume and concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride ions in the urine were measured and estimated respectively.Results: In this model, when compared to vehicle treated control group the AQERCP at different dose levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) has significantly increased the urine volume and also enhanced the elimination of sodium, potassium and chloride ions in urine.Conclusion: The results showed that single dose administration of AQERCP as 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg and standard frusemide (10 mg/kg b.wt) has significantly (p<0.05*, p<0.01**, p<0.001***) increased the urine output along with an increase in concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride. AQERCP 400 mg/Kg produced a greater diuretic activity, which is comparable to the effect of standard furosemide (10 mg/kg).The present study has supported and justified the basis for folklore use of roots of C. pareira as a diuretic agent

Switch-Level Timing Simulation of Mos Vlsi Circuits

245 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.This dissertation deals with the development of a fast and accurate simulation tool for very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors. Such tools are called switch-level timing simulators and they provide adequate information on the performance of the circuits with a reasonable expenditure of computation time even for very large circuits. The algorithms presented in this thesis can handle only n-channel MOS (NMOS) circuits, but are easily extendible to handle complementary MOS (CMOS) circuits as well.An NMOS circuit is modeled as a set of nodes connected by transistor switches. Three strengths and three states are used to represent the signals at the nodes in the circuit. The strengths in decreasing order are input, pullup and normal. The three states used are 0, u, and 1 with 0 and 1 representing the conventional low and high signal values respectively while the u state is used to represent intermediate signal values and sometimes to represent situations of conflict. Each switch is either open, closed, or in an intermediate state.The enhancement transistors in the NMOS network are first partitioned into driver and pass transistors. The NMOS network itself is then partitioned into multifunctional blocks (MFB), pass transistor blocks (PTB), and input sources (SRC). The partitioning is an automatic process that is completely transparent to the user and can be performed in linear time. The partitioned blocks are then ordered for processing so that, whenever possible, a block is scheduled for processing only after all its inputs have been previously processed. Since this is not possible for blocks forming feedback, loops, a novel dynamic windowing scheme is used to schedule such blocks.The blocks in the partitioned network are then simulated at the switch level using graph algorithms, producing so-called, zero-delay ternary signal waveforms. The zero-delay signal transitions are then delayed by using delay and filtering operators. The characteristics of the delay operator are computed in a presimulation phase by simulating five different circuit primitives using an accurate circuit simulator such as SPICE2. These characteristics are stored in a table. During the simulation a circuit block is mapped onto one of the five primitives and appropriate delay values are obtained by fast table lookup techniques. Several factors such as block configuration, loading, device geometries, and input slew rates are taken into account while computing the delay values.The algorithms presented in this thesis have been implemented in a computer program called MOSTIM. In all the circuits simulated thus far, MOSTIM provides timing information with an accuracy of within 10% of that provided by SPICE2, at approximately two orders of magnitude faster in simulation speed.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD