6,520 research outputs found
A novel Artificial Neural Network-based streamline tracing strategy applied to hypersonic waverider design
Streamline tracing in conical hypersonic flows is essential for designing
high-performance waverider and intake. Conventionally, the streamline equations
are solved after obtaining the velocity field from the solution of the
axisymmetric conical flow field. The hypersonic waverider shape is generated
from the base conical flow field by repeatedly applying the streamline tracing
approach along several planes. When exploring the design space for optimization
of the waverider, streamline tracing can be computationally expensive. We
provide a novel strategy where first the Taylor-Maccoll equations for the
inviscid axisymmetric conical flowfield and the streamlines from the shock are
solved for a wide range of cone angle and Mach number conditions resulting in
an extensive database. The streamlines are parametrized by a third-order
polynomial, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to predict the
coefficients of the polynomial for arbitrary inputs of Mach number, cone angle,
and streamline originating location on the shock . We apply this strategy to
design a cone derived waverider and compare the geometry obtained with the
standard conical waverider design method and the simplified waverider design
method. The ANN technique is highly accurate, with a difference of 0.68% with
the standard in the coordinates of the waverider. RANS computations show that
the ANN derived waverider does not indicate severe flow spillage at the leading
edge, which is observed in the waverider generated from the simplified method.
The new ANN-based approach is 20 times faster than the conventional method
(Anti)symmetric multivariate trigonometric functions and corresponding Fourier transforms
Four families of special functions, depending on n variables, are studied. We
call them symmetric and antisymmetric multivariate sine and cosine functions.
They are given as determinants or antideterminants of matrices, whose matrix
elements are sine or cosine functions of one variable each. These functions are
eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator, satisfying specific conditions at the
boundary of a certain domain F of the n-dimensional Euclidean space. Discrete
and continuous orthogonality on F of the functions within each family, allows
one to introduce symmetrized and antisymmetrized multivariate Fourier-like
transforms, involving the symmetric and antisymmetric multivariate sine and
cosine functions.Comment: 25 pages, no figures; LaTaX; corrected typo
Managing the natural disasters from space technology inputs
Natural disasters, whether of meteorological origin such as Cyclones, Floods, Tornadoes and Droughts or of having geological nature such as earthquakes and volcanoes, are well known for their devastating impacts on human life, economy and environment. With tropical climate and unstable land forms, coupled with high population density, poverty, illiteracy and lack of infrastructure development, developing countries are more vulnerable to suffer from the damaging potential of such disasters. Though it is almost impossible to completely neutralise the damage due to these disasters, it is, however possible to (i) minimise the potential risks by developing disaster early warning strategies (ii) prepare developmental plans to provide resilience to such disasters, (iii) mobilize resources including communication and telemedicinal services and (iv) to help in rehabilitation and post-disaster reconstruction. Space borne platforms have demonstrated their capability in efficient disaster management. While communication satellites help in disaster warning, relief mobilisation and telemedicinal support, Earth observation satellites provide the basic support in pre-disaster preparedness programmes, in-disaster response and monitoring activities, and post-disaster reconstruction. The paper examines the information requirements for disaster risk management, assess developing country capabilities for building the necessary decision support systems, and evaluate the role of satellite remote sensing. It describes several examples of initiatives from developing countries in their attempt to evolve a suitable strategy for disaster preparedness and operational framework for the disaster management Using remote sensing data in conjunction with other collateral information. It concludes with suggestions and recommendations to establish a worldwide network of necessary space and ground segments towards strengthening the technological capabilities for disaster management and mitigation
Dynamics of Magnetized Bulk Viscous Strings in Brans-Dicke Gravity
We explore locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi I universe in Brans-Dicke
gravity with self-interacting potential by using charged viscous cosmological
string fluid. We use a relationship between the shear and expansion scalars and
also take the power law for scalar field as well as self-interacting potential.
It is found that the resulting universe model maintains its anisotropic nature
at all times due to the proportionality relationship between expansion and
shear scalars. The physical implications of this model are discussed by using
different parameters and their graphs. We conclude that this model corresponds
to an accelerated expanding universe for particular values of the parameters.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure
In situ carbon coated Li2MnSiO4/C composites as cathodes for enhanced performance li-ion batteries
An in-situ carbon coated Li2MnSiO4/C composite was synthesized by a nanocomposite gel precursor route using starch as the carbon source. Our approach enabled a uniform coating of amorphous carbon on Li 2MnSiO4 with an orthorhombic crystalline structure, which was confirmed by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman studies. Conducting-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) images also revealed the presence of high current interconnected domains in the composite, indicating the ability of the carbon coating to facilitate electron movement. Galvanostatic charge-discharge studies demonstrated outstanding initial charge and discharge capacities, respectively, of 330 and 195 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C-rate for the composite, and after 30 cycles a reversible capacity of 115 mAh g -1 was retained. The electrochemical performance of the neat silicate was dismal (10.6 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C-rate), which again reiterated the role of carbon in improving the conduction and Li-ion storage capacity of the silicate. An insignificant change in charge transfer resistance, with cycling, as inferred from impedance spectroscopy illustrated that charge transfer and transport processes remain facile with cycling, thus demonstrating Li 2MnSiO4/C to be promising cathode Li-ion batteries
Fishery, reproductive biology and stock status of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817), landed along the north-east coast of India
The fishery, biology and stock status of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817), landed along the north-east coast was studied during 2011-2014. The average annual catch was 52,206 t. Catch was more or less equally contributed by trawlers, gillnetters and seiners with average catch rates of 3.05 kg h-1, 22.74 kg unit-1 and 140.09 kg unit-1 respectively. Catch was positively influenced by wind speed and negatively by sea surface temperature and precipitation. Growth in males was isometric, while it was allometric in females and indeterminates. Females outnumbered males in the commercial catches. Length at first maturity varied between 18.32 and 18.86 cm. Peak spawning season was during July - October and February - April. Relative fecundity was 567.51 ova per gram body weight. von Bertalanffy growth equation obtained was: Lt = 27.72 [1-e -1.2 (t + 0.023)]. Length at first capture and life span estimated were 12.78 cm and
2.48 years respectively. Natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortality were 2.06, 3.69 and 5.75, respectively with an exploitation rate of 0.64. Peak recruitment was found to be during September-October. Maximum sustainable yield and yield per recruit were 40,675 t and 14.74 g respectively which were obtained by increasing the present fishing effort by 20%, but at the increased fishing effort, the increase in yield was a meager 0.53%, which indicates that the present level of fishing can be continued
Search for optical bursts from the gamma ray burst source GBS 0526-66
Attempts were made to detect optical bursts from the gamma-ray burst source GBS 0526-66 during Dec. 31, 1984 to Jan. 2, 1985 and Feb. 23 to Feb. 24, 1985, using the one meter reflector of the Kavalur Observatory. Jan. 1, 1985 coincided with the zero phase of the predicted 164 day period of burst activity from the source (Rothschild and Lingenfelter, 1984). A new optical burst photon counting system with adjustable trigger threshold was used in parallel with a high speed photometer for the observations. The best time resolution was 1 ms and maximum count rate capability was 255,000 counts s(-1). Details of the instrumentation and observational results are presented
Carbon footprint in life cycle of marine fisheries at major fishing harbours of Andhra Pradesh, India
Contribution of marine fisheries at all stages of its life cycle, to climate change during 2012-2013 was studied by determining
their carbon footprint at four major fishing harbours/fish landing centres in Andhra Pradesh viz., Visakhapatnam, Kakinada,
Nizamapatnam and Machilipatnam . Functional unit was 1 kg of marine fish to the consumer. Fuel and electricity consumption
per kg of marine fish was on an average 0.43 l and 0.24 kWh at Visakhapatnam, 0.41 l and 0.15 kWh at Kakinada,
0.52 l and 0.26 kWh at Nizamapatnam and 0.48 l and 0.21 kWh at Machilipatnam. Mechanised catches contributed 80-85%
of the total fuel burnt and 79-90% of the total electricity consumed. The harvest phase (88-93%) burnt the most fuel, while
the post-harvest phase (51-62%) contributed the most to the electricity consumption. Emission intensity per kg of marine
fish was 0.34 kg C and 1.26 kg CO2 in Visakhapatnam, 0.31 kg C and 1.16 kg CO2 in Kakinada, 0.41 kg C and 1.50 kg CO2
at Nizamapatnam and 0.37 kg C and 1.37 kg CO2 at Machilipatnam. Fuel and electricity consumption and emission intensity
was high for mechanised landings and low for motorised landings. The highest emissions were recorded in the harvest phase
at all the places. Energy consumption and subsequent emissions can be reduced by making suitable modifications to the
diesel engines, speed of operation and to the craft and propeller designs
Carbon footprint of marine fisheries: life cycle analysis from Visakhapatnam
The contribution of marine fisheries in Visakhapatnam
at all stages of its life cycle to climate change during
2010–2012 was studied by determining its carbon
footprint. Pre-harvest phase consisted of vessel construction
and maintenance and provision of fishing
gear; harvest phase included harvest from mechanized
and motorized craft and post-harvest phase
involved fish transportation and fish processing. The
functional unit selected was 1 kg of marine fish to the
consumer. Fuel and electricity consumption was
0.48 l/kg and 0.255 kWh/kg of fish. The C and CO2
emitted were 0.382 kg C/kg and 1.404 kg CO2/kg of
fish. The highest consumption of energy and the highest
emissions of CO2 were observed from the harvest
phase. The fuel and electricity consumption and C and
CO2 emissions were high for mechanized landings and
low for motorized landings. Reduction in energy consumption
and subsequent emissions is possible in
mechanized craft by increasing the fuel efficiency of
marine diesel engines, controlling craft speed, using
large propeller with lower revolutions and reducing
the craft drag
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