Women Reproductive Rights in India: Prospective Future.

Reproductive rights were established as a subset of the human rights. Parents have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and the spacing of their children. Issues regarding the reproductive rights are vigorously contested, regardless of the population’s socioeconomic level, religion or culture. Following review article discusses reproductive rights with respect to Indian context focusing on socio economic and cultural aspects. Also discusses sensitization of government and judicial agencies in protecting the reproductive rights with special focus on the protecting the reproductive rights of people with disability (mental illness and mental retardation)

IN VIVO STUDY ON DIURETIC AND LAXATIVE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF HYDRO - ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LU HUI (LILLIACEAE) ON EXPERIMENTAL RODENTS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS).

Objective: In furtherance to the rising evidences for therapeutical potential of Lu Hui (Aloe vera), the existing study was carried out to evaluate thediuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract on rodents.Materials and Methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Lu Hui (HALL) was prepared by using Soxhlet extractor and subjected to analysis bystandard preliminary phytochemical tests. Assessment of both the diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods. Furosemide(20 mg/kg) was functioned as a positive control for diuretic activity, whereas gaviscon (10 mg/kg) worked as a reference drug for laxative activity.Results: The HALL showed weight diuretic activity and found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 600 mg/kg when the effectwas comparable to that of the standard furosemide. Besides, this extract found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration(sodium, potassium, chloride) at both the doses tested. On the other hand, the results for laxative activity exhibited incredible increase of feces outputat the dose of 600 mg/kg, and the increase was similar to that of standard drug gaviscon.Conclusion: Altogether, the above major findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic and purgative use and lend pharmacological credence tothe ethnomedical use of this leaves in the traditional system of medicine, stresses further studies to intricate its active constituents, uses and safety.Keywords: Bioassay, Diuretic, Laxative, Furosemide, Gaviscon, Ethnomedicine

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALS OF PERSEA AMERICANA MILL. (LAURACEAE) FRUIT EXTRACT

Objective:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the management of blood glucose level is an important strategy in the control of the disease and complications associated with it. Therefore, components that cause uptake of glucose from the bloodstream and inhibitors of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes can be useful in treatment of DM and medicinal plants are often used to achieve this aim. Avocado fruit is rich in phytochemicals necessary for treatment of DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Persea americana fruit extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Methods: The percentage yield, phytochemical screening (both qualitative and quantitative), in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic assays, and kinetic studies were performed with different solvent extracts of Avocado fruit pulp. Results:  Avocado had great and promising potential as pharmaceutical agent, particularly to be developed as anti-diabetic through the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α- amylase enzymes.  In vitro studies of the antioxidant activity of the fruit extract gave an evidence and strong biochemical rationale of their therapeutic potential. Conclusion: The fruit extract of P. americana may play an important role in the development of nutraceuticals and also in the management of oxidative stress induced DM.                                        Peer Review History: Received 4 October 2018;   Revised 22 October; Accepted 3 November, Available online 15 November 2018 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 7.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected]  Dr. Mohamed Derbali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia, [email protected] Similar Articles: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF VITAMIN-E AND RED DATES IN PLACEBO AND TESTED GROUPS OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL EVALUATIONS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF COCOS NUCIFERA (L.) LEAVES This article has been cited by: Tafesse TB, Bule MH, Khoobi M, Faramarzi MA, Abdollahi M, Amini M. Coumarin-based Scaffold as α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity: Implication for the Development of Potent Antidiabetic Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020;20(2):134-151. Pubmed Khosravi, A., Vaezi, G., Hojati, V. et al. Study on the interaction of triaryl-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with α-glucosidase. DARU J Pharm Sci 28, 109–117 (2020). Pubmed Arirudran, B., Krishnan, V., Rao, U.M. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and isolation and identification of active principle components of petroleum ether extract from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12(8), 3629-3636. Pubme

Impact of sand organic carbon and climatic changes on the population density and morphometric characters of Emerita asiatica in the East Coast of Southern India

240-244A population density of Emerita asiatica in relation to sand organic carbon in the Nemmeli beach, East coast, Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu was studied. Specimens were collected once in a fortnight from April 2017 to March 2018 by hand picking method in the intertidal region of Nemmeli beach. The total sand organic carbon level was recorded once in a fortnight. The population presented a smaller incidence of males in relation to females (48.66:51.34); however, in May 2017 an inverse pattern occurred (73:27). Ovigerous females were present in all samples with greater frequencies in October and November 2017 whereas, the highest juveniles were present in May and September 2017. The variation noted in a population of Emerita asiatica showed there is a relationship to sand organic carbon fluctuations; it can be determined that the sand organic carbon fluctuations have an influence on the population density of this species in Nemmeli beach. Hence, the rather stable sand organic carbon throughout the year and moderate changes in the sand may well be conducive to population biology of Emerita asiatica

CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SYRINGIN, A NOVEL BIOGLYCOSIDE: A REVIEW

Syringin, a phenylpropanoid glycoside belongs to eleutheroside derivative. This bioactive compound was identified in several plants including Musaparadisiaca, Jasminum mesnyi, Edgeworthia chrysantha, Acanthopanax senticosus, etc. According to Nair et al., syringin is synthesized from the precursorphenylalanine by a series of reactions. Zhao has described a rapid extraction method based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of syringin fromthe bark of Ilex rotunda thumb using response surface methodology. Based on the findings made by Jizhong et al., the bioactive compound syringinwas separated from the n-butanol extract of the stems and barks of E. chrysantha Lindl by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Accordingto Choi et al., the enrichment and purification of syringin from A. senticosus was performed based on the adsorption and desorption properties ofcommercial macroporous resins. The pharmacological properties of syringin includes scavenging the free radicals, protection against neuronal celldamage, inhibition of apoptosis, anti-diabetic effect, anti-inflammatory potential, anti-nociceptive action, anti-allergic effect, etc.Keywords: Phenylpropanoid glycoside, Eleutheroside, Apoptosis, Nociceptive

Impact of sand organic carbon and climatic changes on the population density and morphometric characters of Emerita asiatica in the East Coast of Southern India

A population density of Emerita asiatica in relation to sand organic carbon in the Nemmeli beach, East coast, Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu was studied. Specimens were collected once in a fortnight from April 2017 to March 2018 by hand picking method in the intertidal region of Nemmeli beach. The total sand organic carbon level was recorded once in a fortnight. The population presented a smaller incidence of males in relation to females (48.66:51.34); however, in May 2017 an inverse pattern occurred (73:27). Ovigerous females were present in all samples with greater frequencies in October and November 2017 whereas, the highest juveniles were present in May and September 2017. The variation noted in a population of Emerita asiatica showed there is a relationship to sand organic carbon fluctuations; it can be determined that the sand organic carbon fluctuations have an influence on the population density of this species in Nemmeli beach. Hence, the rather stable sand organic carbon throughout the year and moderate changes in the sand may well be conducive to population biology of Emerita asiatica

ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CROCUS SATIVUS

Objective:  Inflammation is a body reaction which embroils cellular and biochemical responses, which is not only symptom for shared diseases but also known to be an initial phase for certain serious Alzheimer’s, cancer, heart vascular diseases. In order to overcome these drawbacks, there is an urgent need for nutraceuticals with excellent anti-inflammatory response with minimum side effects. An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity along with gene expression analysis on ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus (CSEE). Methods: Dried stigmas of C. sativus were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity by macrophage scavenging assay. In this study, the phagocytic activity of the extract was tested on oxidative burst reduction of macrophages. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the anti-apoptotic gene expression during cell death, as a result of the compound treatment on cancer cells. Results:  The CSEE unveiled high phagocytic activity on the oxidative burst reduction, presenting intracellular killing and the enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activity, showing the active degranulation of macrophages. Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. sativus possessed excellent anti-inflammatory as well as apoptotic activities. Hence it was proposed that C. sativus could be exploited against oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, cancer and ageing therapy to justify their use in traditional medicine as a nutraceutical.                           Peer Review History: Received 3 December 2018;   Revised 18 December; Accepted 1 January, Available online 15 January 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected] Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: DEVELOPMENT AND ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL ETORICOXIB EMULGEL BY CARRAGEENAN INDUCED PAW OEDEMA METHO

Evolution of Self-Care Education

During the past 15 years, the curriculum content for nonprescription medication and self-care therapeutics has expanded significantly. Self-care courses ranging from stand-alone, required courses to therapeutic content and skills laboratories, have evolved in colleges and schools of pharmacy to accommodate rapid changes related to nonprescription medications and to meet the needs of students. The design of and content delivery methods used in self-care courses vary among institutions. Teaching innovations such as team-based learning, role playing/vignettes, videos, and social media, as well as interdisciplinary learning have enhanced delivery of this content. Given that faculty members train future pharmacists, they should be familiar with the new paradigms of Nonprescription Safe Use Regulatory Expansion (NSURE) Initiative, nonprescription medications for chronic diseases, and the growing trends of health and wellness in advancing patient-care initiatives. This paper reviews the significant changes that may be impacting self-care curriculums in the United States

Assessing traffic-related environmental impacts based on different traffic monitoring applications

The objective of this study is to propose a methodological approach to assess the capability of different traffic monitoring applications to estimate emissions generated by road traffic. Global Navigation Satellite Systems and traffic data were collected from different roadways in Portugal and Spain. Emissions were estimated through the Vehicle Specific Power concept, and then, data mining tools were explored to reveal patterns hidden on large amount of data (154 000 sec). Finally, the best relationships between traffic variables and emissions are evaluated. Results show a prediction for CO2 emissions of 99% and 98% to NOX.publishe