Investigation on <it>in vitro</it> dissolution rate enhancement of indomethacin by using a novel carrier sucrose fatty acid ester

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and the purpose of the study</p> <p>The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions (SD) of indomethacin by using a novel carrier sucrose fatty acid ester (SFE 1815) to increase its in vitro drug release and further formulating as a tablet.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Indomethacin loaded SD were prepared by solvent evaporation and melt granulation technique using SFE 1815 as carrier in 1:0.25, 1:0.5 1:0.75 and 1:1 ratios of drug and carrier. Prepared SD and tablets were subjected to in vitro dissolution studies in 900 mL of pH 7.2 phosphate buffer using apparatus I at 100 rpm. The promising SD were further formulated as tablets using suitable diluent (DCL 21, Avicel PH 102 and pregelatinised starch) to attain the drug release similar to that of SD.. The obtained dissolution data was subjected to kinetic study by fitting the data into various model independent models like zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixon-Crowell and Peppas equations. Drug and excipient compatibility studies were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The in vitro dissolution data exhibited superior release from formulation S₆ with 1:0.5 drug and carrier ratio using solvent evaporation technique than other SDs prepared at different ratio using solvent evaporation and melt granulation technique. The in vitro drug release was also superior to that of the physical mixtures prepared at same ratio and also superior to SD prepared using common carriers like polyvinyl pyrollidone and PEG 4000 by solvent evaporation technique. Tablets (T₈) prepared with DCL21 as diluent exhibited superior release than the other tablets. The tablet formulation (T₈) followed first order release with Non-Fickian release.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SFE 1815 a novel third generation carrier can be used for the preparation of SD for the enhancement of <it>in vitro</it> drug release of indomethacin an insoluble drug belonging to BCS class II.</p

Low complex Hardware Architecture Design Methodology for Cubic Spline Interpolation Technique for Assistive Technologies

The Hardware implementation of the Empirical mode decomposition algorithm has attracted attention in recent years due to its data-driven nature, adaptability, and ability to process non-stationary and non-linear signal analysis. Due to its high computation requirements for the sifting process, it is difficult to achieve low hardware complexity. The proposed design introduces an efficient VLSI architecture for the Cubic spline interpolation technique based on the Co-Ordinate Rotation Digital Computer(CORDIC) for generating envelops in the EMD algorithm. The design was implemented on Xilinx ZynqU ltraScale+ZCU 102 Evaluation Board and synthesized using Vivado 2018.1 Design Suite with the fixed-point data format and generated envelops using the sifting procedure. © 2022 IEEE

Design and evaluation of lornoxicam bilayered tablets for biphasic release

The objective of the present investigation was to develop bilayered tablets of lornoxicam to achieve biphasic release pattern. A bilayered tablet, consisting of an immediate and controlled release layer, was prepared by direct compression technique. The controlled release effect was achieved by using various hydrophilic natural, semi synthetic and synthetic controlled release polymers such as xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to modulate the release of the drug. The in vitro drug release profiles showed the biphasic release behavior in which the immediate release (IR) layer containing the lornoxicam was released within 15 minutes, whereas the controlled release (CR) layer controlled the drug release for up to 24 h. All the bilayered tablets formulated have followed the zero order release with non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 24 h from optimized formulations was observed. Based on the release kinetic parameters obtained, it can be concluded that xanthan gum polymer was suitable for providing a biphasic release of lornoxicam.<br>O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver comprimidos bicamada de lornoxicam para atingir padrão de liberação bifásica. Preparou-se, por compressão direta, comprimido bicamada, consistindo de uma camada de liberação imediata e uma de liberação controlada. A liberação controlada foi obtida pelo uso de vários polímeros naturais hidrofílicos, semi-sintéticos e sintéticos, tais como goma xantana, hidroxipropilmetil celulose (HPMC) e óxido de polietileno (PEO) para modular a liberação do fármaco. Os perfis de liberação in vitro mostraram comportamento bifásico em que a camada de liberação imediata (IR) contendo lornoxicam foi liberada em 15 minutos, enquanto a camada de liberação controlada (CR) liberou o fármaco em mais de 24 horas, Todos os comprimidos bicamada formulados seguiram a liberação de ordem zero com mecanismo de liberação controlada por difusão não fickiana após a liberação inicial por erupção. Os estudos de FTIR revelaram que não há interação entre o fármaco e os polímeros utilizados no estudo. A análise estatística (ANOVA) não mostrou diferença significativa na quantidade acumulada de fármaco após 15 minutos de liberação, mas observou-se diferença significativa (p<0,05) na quantidade de fármaco liberado após 24 h nas formulações otimizadas. Com base nos parâmetros de cinética de liberação obtidos, pode-se concluir que a goma xantana foi adequada para se atingir liberação bifásica de lornoxicam

VLSI Architecture Design Methodology for Deep learning based Upper Limb and Lower Limb Movement Classification for Rehabilitation Application

Recently, many works have proposed an highly accurate deep learning based movement classification algorithms for the assistive technology applications. But very less importance is given for it's corresponding hardward implementation. In this paper we proposed an VLSI architecture design methodology for deep learning based movement classification for assistive technology applications. LoCoMo-Net and MyoNet are the two Deep learning based networks proposed by Gautam et al [1] [2] for upper limb and lower limb for assistive technology. The proposed architecture is capable enough to adapt both the networks. We have implemented the architecture on ZYNQ ultra-textscale + textMPSoC textzcu102 textFPGA. LoCoMo-Net consumes 3.5 Watts of on chip power and MyoNet consumes 5 Watts of on chip power on the FPGA. LoCoMo-Net takes 1.876ms of time to classify the task and MyoNet takes 61.988ms of time to classify the task on FPGA. © 2022 IEEE

Statistical design and evaluation of a propranolol HCl gastric floating tablet

The purpose of this research was to apply statistical design for the preparation of a gastric floating tablet (GFT) of propranolol HCl and to investigate the effect of formulation variables on drug release and the buoyancy properties of the delivery system. The contents of polyethylene oxide (PEO) WSR coagulant and sodium bicarbonate were used as independent variables in central composite design of the best formulation. Main effects and interaction terms of the formulation variables were evaluated quantitatively using a mathematical model approach showing that both independent variables have significant effects on floating lag time, % drug release at 1 h (D1 h) and time required to release 90% of the drug (t90). The desired function was used to optimize the response variables, each with a different target, and the observed responses were in good agreement with the experimental values. FTIR and DSC studies of the statistically optimized formulation revealed there was no chemical interaction between drug and polymer. The statistically optimized formulation released drug according to first order kinetics with a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Evaluation of the optimized formulation in vivo in human volunteers showed that the GFT was buoyant in gastric fluid and that its gastric residence time was enhanced in the fed but not the fasted state

Development and evaluation of a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system of torsemide

The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems (ChrDDs) of torsemide. Compression coated tablets (CCT) containing torsemide in the core tablet were prepared by the compression coating technique with different grades of polyethylene oxide (PEO WSR 301 & 1105). The optimized formulations were characterised for tabletting parameters and drug polymer interaction by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The hardness of all the CCT using PEO WSR 301 & PEO WSR 1105 were in the range 6-8 kg/cm² & 5.5 to 7 kg/cm² respectively. Their friability values were <0.3%. All the CCT showed a clear lag time but finalized as per the predetermined lag time. As the amount of PEO was increased in the outer layer the drug released was delayed. The drug content of all the CCT was >99%. The FTIR studies showed no interaction throughout the process of development. Formulations of F7 and of P7 were considered optimized formulations since they yielded a predetermined lag time of 6h before burst release. Hence, these formulations can be exploited to achieve chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems of Torsemide for the treatment of hypertension at the time the patient needs it.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi preparar e avaliar sistemas cronoterapêuticos de liberação de fármacos (ChrDDs) de torsemida. Comprimidos revestidos por compressão (CCT) contendo torsemida no (núcleo) foram preparados pela técnica de revestimento por compressão, com diferentes categorias de óxido de polietileno (PEO WSR 301 & 1105). As formulações otimizadas foram caracterizadas por parâmetros de compressão e interação fármaco polímero por Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A dureza dos CCT utilizando PEO WSR 301 e PEO WSR 1105 foi entre 6-8 kg/cm² e 5,5 a 7 kg/cm², respectivamente. Os valores de friabilidade foram <0,3%. Todos os CCT mostraram claro tempo de retardo, mas finalizaram de acordo com o tempo de retardo pré-determinado. À medida que a quantidade de PEO aumentava na camada mais externa, a liberação do fármaco era retardada. O teor de fármaco em todos os CCT foi >99%. Os estudos de FTIR mostraram que não h[a interação durante o processo de desenvolvimento. As formulações F7 e P7 foram consideradas otimizadas, uma vez que resultaram em tempo de retardo pré-determinado de 6 h antes da liberação por meio de explosão. Dessa forma, estas formulações podem ser exploradas para se obter sistemas de liberação