A NOVEL VALIDATED UHPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ASSAY AND ITS RELATED SUBSTANCES OF TRICHOSTATIN-A

Objective: The main objective of the research work is to develop and validate a rapid UHPLC method for the estimation of assay and its related substances of Trichostatin A (TSA) in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: The UHPLC method developed for chromatographic separation between TSA and its related compounds on Poroshell 120 SB C18(50×4.6) mm; 2.7 µm RRLC column using Agilent RRLC (UHPLC) system with linear gradient elution. Results: The developed UHPLC method has shown excellent chromatographic separation between TSA and its related compounds within 12 min run time, during validation experiments, specificity study revealed that the peak threshold was more than the peak purity and no purity flag was observed. Repeatability, intra, and inter-day precision results were well within the tolerable limits. Limits of detection concentrations were found between 0.075 to 0.077 ppm and the limit of quantitation is between 0.252 to 0.258 ppm for related compounds and TSA. The related substances method recoveries were found between 80 and 120 % and assay method recovery was found between 98.0 to 102.0%. Conclusion: The developed method capability was proven for the assay of TSA and its related compounds in pharmaceutical samples and the method shows eco-friendlier than routine, conventional HPLC methods in terms of analysis time, cost and HPLC effluent waste

A novel validated eco-friendly RP-UHPLC method for assay and related substances in Meropenem

1148-1157A simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, eco-friendly and stability-indicating linear gradient liquid chromatographic method (RP-UHPLC) for simultaneous estimation of assay and its related compounds in Meropenem API samples is developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax Eclipse plus C18, (100 x 4.6) mm, 3.5 µm RRLC short column and 10 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate is used as buffer, buffer solution used as eluent A and buffer and acetonitrile combination 30: 70 v/v ratio used as eluent B and Agilent RRLC (UHPLC) system is used for analysis. The mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the eluted compounds have been monitored at 220 nm for related substance method and 290 nm for assay method. Excellent resolution is obtained between Meropenem and its related compounds which were eluted within 10 min. The correlation co-efficient(r) is > 0.995 for both the methods from linearity data and percentage of recovery is 98.0 to 102.0 and 80.0 to 120.0 % for assay method and for related substance method, respectively. Sensitivity of the method is found to be less than 0.316 µg/ml. Peak homogeneity data for Meropenem in the chromatograms from the stressed samples are obtained by using photodiode array detector demonstrated the specificity of the method for analysis of Meropenem in presence of the degradation compounds. The performance of the method is validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness

Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in the Treatment of Recurrent Pyoderma in Dogs

Dogs with a history of more than three episodes of skin infections in a period of one year were selected for a study on recurrent pyoderma. Oral enrofloxacin along with appropriate simultaneous medication for the underlying associated conditions were chosen as therapy for recurrent pyoderma in dogs. Response to therapy was excellent in all the cases. Improvement was noticed by 12 to 20 days and 20 to 26 days in recurrent superficial and deep pyoderma respectively. Relapse occurred in one dog by 45 days due to re-introduction of allergic food. Enrofloxacin proved to be an effective, safe and convenient antibiotic for the treatment of recurrent pyoderma in dogs

Comparative clinical evaluation of Boerhavia diffusa root extract with standard Enalapril treatment in Canine chronic renal failure

Background: Complementing herbal drugs with conservative modern treatment could improve renal condition in canine chronic renal failure (CRF). Objective: In this study, clinical evaluation of Boerhavia diffusa root extract was carried out in CRF in dogs in comparison with standard enalapril. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 dogs of mixed breeds suffering from CRF from 1 to 2 months were divided into two groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Group I - Enalapril at 0.5 mg/kg p.o. once daily for 90 days + amoxicillin and cloxacillin at 25 mg/kg i.m. once daily for 1-week; Group II - B. diffusa root extract at 500 mg p.o per dog daily for 90 days. Both groups were maintained on a supportive fluid therapy. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post-hoc test. Results: CRF caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, urinary protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and glutamyl transferase (GGT). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin and total erythrocyte count (TEC) was also observed. Nephrosonography revealed indistinct corticomedullary junction, altered renal architecture, hyper-echoic cortex, medulla, and sunken kidneys. Both the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by day 30. Serum Creatinine, urea nitrogen, phosphorus, urinary protein, ALP, and GGT showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction by day 60 in both the treatments. However, potassium levels were normalized only by B. diffusa root extract treatment by day 30. Both the treatments failed to show a significant improvement in nephrosonographic picture even after 90 days posttreatment. Conclusions: In conclusion, the efficacy of B. diffusa root extract was comparable to standard enalapril treatment of CRF in dogs

Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in the Treatment of Recurrent Pyoderma in Dogs

Dogs with a history of more than three episodes of skin infections in a period of one year were selected for a study on recurrent pyoderma. Oral enrofloxacin along with appropriate simultaneous medication for the underlying associated conditions were chosen as therapy for recurrent pyoderma in dogs. Response to therapy was excellent in all the cases. Improvement was noticed by 12 to 20 days and 20 to 26 days in recurrent superficial and deep pyoderma respectively. Relapse occurred in one dog by 45 days due to re-introduction of allergic food. Enrofloxacin proved to be an effective, safe and convenient antibiotic for the treatment of recurrent pyoderma in dogs

An efficient four-component protocol for synthesis of poly-substituted pyridines with SiO₂ as a robust recyclable catalyst

A four-component protocol for the development of poly-substituted pyridines derivatives by using SiO2 as a recycle catalyst. The protocol offers good to excellent yields (85%-95%) under milder conditions in a short reaction time of 2-3 hours. The use of a less expensive catalyst makes this protocol more convenient. SiO2 has been identified as a convenient catalyst for the synthesis and can be reused for up to three cycles.</p

Mechanism of Action of Anti-Parkinsons Disease, Side Effects of Dopamine Agonists, MAO- Inhibitors, COMT Inhibitors, Mechanism of Action as Well as Side Effects of Anti Cholinergics and Amantidine

&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Levadopa plays a role in treating Parkinson's&nbsp;disease. Levadopa and carbidopa play a&nbsp;major&nbsp;in&nbsp;relieving&nbsp;the&nbsp;major&nbsp;symptomsof&nbsp;the&nbsp;condition&nbsp;namely&nbsp;tremors,rigidity&nbsp;and&nbsp;bradykinesia.&nbsp;An&nbsp;activation&nbsp;of&nbsp;dopamine&nbsp;receptorsenhance&nbsp;motor&nbsp;controland&nbsp;decrease&nbsp;symptomsregarding&nbsp;low&nbsp;dopaminelevels&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;brain.&nbsp;The&nbsp;drugs&nbsp;of&nbsp;dopamine&nbsp;agonistsinclude&nbsp;apomorphine,&nbsp;bromocriptine,&nbsp;pramipexole&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ropinirole.&nbsp;Mechanism&nbsp;of&nbsp;MAO-B&nbsp;inhibitors is to inhibit the enzyme MAO-B which breakdown dopamine particularly in the&nbsp;brain. Mechanism&nbsp;of&nbsp;action&nbsp;of&nbsp;COMT&nbsp;inhibitors to&nbsp;stop&nbsp;the&nbsp;activityof&nbsp;COMT,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;essentialfor&nbsp;breaking&nbsp;down&nbsp;certain&nbsp;neurotransmitters&nbsp;namely&nbsp;dopamine and nor&nbsp;epinephrine&nbsp;in the&nbsp;brain.&nbsp;Low&nbsp;levels of&nbsp;acetyl&nbsp;choline&nbsp;lead&nbsp;to the&nbsp;occurrence&nbsp;of relaxation&nbsp;of&nbsp;smooth&nbsp;muscles,decreased&nbsp;glandular&nbsp;secretions&nbsp;and&nbsp;reduced&nbsp;nerve&nbsp;impulses.&nbsp;Anticholionergics&nbsp;are&nbsp;involved&nbsp;regardingtreatment&nbsp;of&nbsp;medicalconditions&nbsp;along&nbsp;with&nbsp;treating&nbsp;over active&nbsp;bladder, motion&nbsp;sickness and&nbsp;certain respiratory&nbsp;conditions.&nbsp;Drugs&nbsp;of&nbsp;anti cholinergics&nbsp;include&nbsp;Benztropine&nbsp;and&nbsp;Tri hexy&nbsp;phenidyl.&nbsp;Finally&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;concluded&nbsp;that&nbsp;Amantidine&nbsp;plays&nbsp;a&nbsp;major&nbsp;role&nbsp;as&nbsp;anti&nbsp;viral&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;involvedin&nbsp;treating&nbsp;Parkinsons&nbsp;disease.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt