Designing switches for routing in circuit-switched trees

Reconfigurable computing provides a fast and flexible solution for intensive computing processes. Thus, it acts as a bridge between software controlled and hardware based processors. The self–reconfigurable gate array (SRGA) is a reconfigurable architecture that allows fast switching between operations on a reconfigurable device. It consists of a 2-dimensional array of processing elements (PEs) connected using a binary tree structure, called a circuit-switched tree (CST). A CST is a balanced binary tree in which leaves represent processing elements (PE) and internal nodes represent switches. The PEs in the CST communicates with each other by configuring the appropriate switches in the communication path for different types of communication patterns. In this thesis, we have designed and implemented digital blocks for the routing algorithms provided by Roy et al. [RTV04] for right-oriented communication patterns for width-1 and width-w well-nested sets and width-1 multicast sets. We have extended the work and implemented the algorithm for point-to-point, right-oriented, width-w communication sets. Finally, we have introduced a multi-pattern framework, which accommodates different communication patterns. All the designs are synthesized for 0.25-micrometer technology and area, frequency, and power analyses are performed. The results show the behavior of the designs with four, eight, and 16 PEs. The results prove that the proposed framework occupies less area as compared to the sum of the areas occupied by other communication patterns discussed

MicroRNAs in B cell development and malignancy

MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and play critical roles in B cell development and malignancy. miRNA expression is important globally, as B cell specific knockouts of Dicer show profound defects in B cell development; and is also critical at the level of specific miRNAs. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that are involved in normal B cell development in the bone marrow and during B cell activation and terminal differentiation in the periphery. Next, we turn to miRNAs that are dysregulated during diseases of B cells, including malignant diseases and autoimmunity. Further study of miRNAs and their targets will lead to a better understanding of B cell development, and should also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against B cell diseases

Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a primary target of miR-155

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has emerged as a critical regulator of immune cell development, function, and disease. However, the mechanistic basis for its impact on the hematopoietic system remains largely unresolved. Because miRNAs function by repressing specific mRNAs through direct 3′UTR interactions, we have searched for targets of miR-155 implicated in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In the present study, we identify Src homology-2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) as a direct target of miR-155, and, using gain and loss of function approaches, show that miR-155 represses SHIP1 through direct 3′UTR interactions that have been highly conserved throughout evolution. Repression of endogenous SHIP1 by miR-155 occurred following sustained over-expression of miR-155 in hematopoietic cells both in vitro and in vivo, and resulted in increased activation of the kinase Akt during the cellular response to LPS. Furthermore, SHIP1 was also repressed by physiologically regulated miR-155, which was observed in LPS-treated WT versus miR-155−/− primary macrophages. In mice, specific knockdown of SHIP1 in the hematopoietic system following retroviral delivery of a miR-155-formatted siRNA against SHIP1 resulted in a myeloproliferative disorder, with striking similarities to that observed in miR-155-expressing mice. Our study unveils a molecular link between miR-155 and SHIP1 and provides evidence that repression of SHIP1 is an important component of miR-155 biology

A hybrid multiple attribute decision making method for solving problems of industrial environment

The selection of appropriate alternative in the industrial environment is an important but, at the same time, a complex and difficult problem because of the availability of a wide range of alternatives and similarity among them. Therefore, there is a need for simple, systematic, and logical methods or mathematical tools to guide decision makers in considering a number of selection attributes and their interrelations. In this paper, a hybrid decision making method of graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. Three examples are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed GTMA-AHP method and the results are compared with the results obtained using other decision making methods

Simulation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality Improvement Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

One of the major concerns in electricity industry today is power quality. It becomes especially important with the introduction of advanced and complicated devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and thus industrial loads become less tolerant to power quality problems such as voltage dips, voltage sags, voltage flickers, harmonics and load unbalance etc. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which capitalize on newly available power electronics components, are emerging for custom power applications. Among these, the distribution static compensator, dynamic voltage restorer and unified power quality conditioner which is based on the VSC principle are used for power quality improvement. In this project, a fuzzy logic controller with reference signal generation method is designed for UPQC and compared its performance with artificial neural network based controller. This is used to compensate current and voltage quality problems of sensitive loads. The results are analyzed and presented using matlab/simulink software . Keywords: power quality, upqc, voltage sag, fuzzy logic controller, neural network

Implementation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner Based on Variable Phase Angle Control Method

This paper investigates the power quality problems which occur frequently in power supply and suggests a method to mitigate the power quality problems by the implementation of UPQC. P-Q problems generally concern with voltage sags/swells and harmonic currents. Custom Power (CP) devices that mitigate these power quality problems have gained more attention in the recent decades. UPQC is Designed, modelled and setup experimentally to mitigate voltage sag/swells and harmonic currents in three phase systems. UPQC consists of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Active Power Filter (APF). UPQC with proposed controller algorithms effectively compensates the sag/swell in supply voltage by keeping the load voltage amplitude at 0.9-1 per unit and eliminates the load current harmonics by keeping supply current at 5% less than of Total Harmonic Distortion,simultaneously. Keywords: Custom power device,Voltage sag,swell,Harmonics. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/12-3-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

On calibrated weights in stratified sampling

In this paper, we propose a calibration estimator of population mean in stratified sampling using the known mean and variance information from multi-auxiliary variables. The problem of determining the optimum calibrated weights is formulated as a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLPP) that is solved using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Numerical example with real data is presented to illustrate the computational details of the proposed estimator. A comparison study is also carried out using real and simulated data to evaluate the performance and the usefulness of the proposed estimator. The study reveals that the proposed estimator with multi-auxiliary information is more efficient estimator of the population mean as it provides least estimated variance and highest gain in relative efficiency (RE). References Jean Claude Deville and Carl Erik Sarndal. Calibration estimators in survey sampling. Journal of the American statistical Association, 87(418):376–382, 1992. doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475217. Victor M Estevao and Carl Erik Sarndal. Survey estimates by calibration on complex auxiliary information. International Statistical Review, 74(2):127–147, 2006. doi:110.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.tb00165.x Patrick J Farrell and Sarjinder Singh. Model-assisted higher-order calibration of estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 47(3):375–383, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.00402.x Wolfram Research, Inc. Mathematica, Version 11.3. Champaign, IL, 2018. Jong Min Kim, Engin A Sungur, and Tae Young Heo. Calibration approach estimators in stratified sampling. Statistics and probability letters, 77(1):99–103, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.spl.2006.05.015 Phillip S Kott. Using calibration weighting to adjust for nonresponse and coverage errors. Survey Methodology, 32(2):133, 2006. Dinesh K Rao. Mathematical programing in stratified random sampling. PhD thesis, School of Computing, Information and Mathematical Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji, February 2017. Dinesh K. Rao, Tokaua. Tekabu, and Mohammad G M Khan. New calibration estimators in stratified sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering, pages 66–70. IEEE, 2016. Gurmindar K Singh, Dinesh K Rao, and Mohammed GM Khan. Calibration estimator of population mean in stratified random sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE), pages 1–5. IEEE, 2014. Sarjindar Singh, Stephen Horn, and Frank Yu. Estimation of variance of general regression estimator: Higher level calibration approach. Survey Methodology, 24:41–50, 1998. Sarjinder Singh. Advanced Sampling Theory With Applications: How Michael "Selected" Amy, volume I and II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2003. Sarjinder Singh. On the calibration of design weights using a displacement function. Metrika, 75(1):85–107, 2012. doi:10.1007/s00184-010-0316-6 Sarjinder Singh, Stephen Horn, Sadeq Chowdhury, and Frank Yu. Theory and methods: Calibration of the estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 41(2):199–212, 1999. doi:10.1111/1467-842X.00074 D S Tracy, S Singh, and R Arnab. Note on calibration in stratified and double sampling. Survey Methodology, 29(1):99–104, 2003. Changbao Wu and Randy R Sitter. A model-calibration approach to using complete auxiliary information from survey data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96(453):185–193, 2001. doi:10.1198/01621450175033305