GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in leaves, stem, and roots extract of Tylophora indica (Burm.fil.) Merr.

Plants serve as a boundless source of raw materials for pharmaceuticals and have been used as an important source of medicine for several years. Identifying natural compounds from medicinal plants is useful for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Tylophora indica is perennial climber which possess many medicinal properties. Although it also contains many bioactive compounds which have role in various biological activity such as anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, and anti-cancer activity. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds from methanolic and hexane extract of the leaves, stems, and roots of T. indica using GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis was performed by using standard protocols. Willey and NIST libraries were used in the identification of components, and their retention indices were compared. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various prevailing compounds like Levomenthol, 2-Butanone, 3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfonyl)-,O[(methylamino)carbonyl] oxime, Squalene, 5–methyl–2–(1–methylethyl)–(1α,2β,5β)– cyclohexanol, Oleic acid and 2-propyloxirane etc. These identified compounds play a vital role in various biological activities which were confirmed by Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases (https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/). The findings of this study demonstrate that T. indica is a rich source of numerous bioactive compounds that can be useful in halting the progression of several disorders

Robust Short-term Operation of AC Power Network with Injection Uncertainties

With uncertain injections from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and loads, deterministic AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) often fails to provide optimal setpoints of conventional generators. A computationally time-efficient, economical, and robust solution is essential for ACOPF with short-term injection uncertainties. Usually, applying Robust Optimization (RO) for conventional non-linear ACOPF results in computationally intractable Robust Counterpart (RC), which is undesirable as ACOPF is an operational problem. Hence, this paper proposes a single-stage non-integer non-recursive RC of ACOPF, using a dual transformation, for short-term injection uncertainties. The proposed RC is convex, tractable, and provides base-point active power generations and terminal voltage magnitudes (setpoints) of conventional generators that satisfy all constraints for all realizations of defined injection uncertainties. The non-linear impact of uncertainties on other variables is inherently modeled without using any affine policy. The proposed approach also includes the budget of uncertainty constraints for low conservatism of the obtained setpoints. Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) based participation factored AC power flows validate the robustness of the obtained setpoints on NESTA and case9241pegase systems for different injection uncertainties. Comparison with previous approaches indicates the efficacy of the proposed approach in terms of low operational cost and computation time.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 table

BLDC motor driven electric skateboard using SVPWM

Several problems are faced by today’s generation. One of them is the increase in pollution in our everyday life. Each of us can play a part in reducing this by using some environmentally friendly method such as cycles which requires mechanical force. Another way to accomplish this is by using electricity to produce this mechanical force i.e. electric motor. In this paper BLDC motor driven electric skateboard is designed with mathematical calculation, verified with simulation and developed as a experimental setup

Evaluation of the Performance of Nitrate Reductase Assay for Rapid Drug-susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in North India

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of nitrate reductase assay (NRA) as a rapid, reliable and inexpensive method for drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against first-line antitubercular drugs, such as rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (STR), and ethambutol (EMB). In total, 286 isolates were subjected to test by proportion method (PM) and NRA. By comparing the results of NRA with those of the gold standard PM, sensitivities and specificities were 98.4%, 97%, 88.5%, and 94.2% and 100%, 100%, 94%, and 99% for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. The positive predictive values were 100%, 100%, 95%, and 98% for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. The negative values were 99%, 98%, 87%, and 96% for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. The median time of obtaining results was shorter using NRA (10 days) compared to PM (28 days). An excellent agreement was observed between the two phenotypic tests with the κ values of 0.98, 0.97, 0.81, and 0.93 for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. The results demonstrated that NRA is suitable for the early determination of INH and RIF resistance and has the potential to be a useful tool for rapid drug-sensitivity test of M. tuberculosis in resource-constrained settings