Optimization of aqueous extraction process to enhance the production of phytase by Rhizopus oryzae using response surface methodology coupled with artificial neural network

Aqueous extraction process was optimized to reduce endotoxins from mixed substrate (1:1) for further phytase production by Rhizopus oryzae in solid state fermentation. 23 factorial design of experiment was combined with either a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) or the response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing the process variables (length of extraction time, substrate loading and different pH of extraction solvent) to predict and simulate phytase production and phosphorus release. ANN was found to be a more powerful tool than RSM, for modeling and optimizing variables for the aqueous extraction process and can be used for predictive simulations of a process. A 2.37-fold increase in phytase production (37.65 U/gds) was achieved at the model predicted optimum concentration of extraction time of 29.78 min, substrate loading at 11.04 g and pH of extraction solvent at 7.1 as compared to the phytase yield in untreated substrate (15.91 U/gds). Moreover, the reduction in phytic acid after aqueous extraction of substrates was validated after high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characterization study. The results suggest that aqueous extraction process can be used efficiently for reducing the endogenous anti-nutritional factors from substrates eventually leading to enhanced phytase yield.Keywords: Rhizopus oryzae, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), phytic acid, solid state fermentation, optimization

Aplikasi Basisdata Fuzzy untuk Pemilihan Makanan Sesuai Kebutuhan Nutrisi

Jenis menu makanan yang disantap harus mengandung nilai gizi sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Hal tersebut mungkin dirasa cukup memakan waktu karena harus mencari buku terkait makanan dan nilai gizi, buku tentang diet dan sebagainya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi berbasis web sebagai alat yang menyediakan informasi menu makanan beserta kandungan gizinya untuk masyarakat sesuai penyakit yang diderita dengan menerapkan basisdata fuzzy. Basisdata fuzzy yang digunakan adalah model Tahani dan Umano. Model Tahani memiliki kelebihan yaitu penyimpanan data yang mudah dan penggunaan query yang umum, penerapan teori fuzzy pada pembentukan himpunan yaitu rendah,sedang dan tinggi pada setiap variabel yang ada. Umano memberikan kelebihannya dalam mengatasi data yang ambigu, misalnya set makanan 1 memiliki serat tetapi jumlah serat yang dikandung tidak diketahui, maka Umano akan memberikan derajat keanggotaan satu (1) untuk hal tersebut. Penyakit yang dibahas adalah penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gizi misalnya anemia, diabetes melitus, hipertensi dan sebagainya. Untuk nutrien yang dibahas ada tujuh yaitu karbohidrat, lemak, protein, serat, besi, natrium dan kalori. Hasil penelitian adalah terciptanya sistem berbasis web yang dapat digunakan untuk penentuan nilai rekomendasi makanan sesuai dengan penyakit yang diderita. Tampilan dari rekomendasi adalah set menu makanan dalam sehari yang dibagi dalam makan pagi, selingan pagi, makan siang, selingan siang, makan malam dan nilai rekomendasi untuk masing-masing menu makanan

2-(2,4-Diphenyl-3-aza­bicyclo­[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidenehydrazono)-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title compound, C23H24N4OS, the piperidine and cyclo­hexane rings adopt twin chair conformations and the phenyl groups occupy equatorial positions. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 10.25 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the formation of centrosymmetric dimers

Quasi-static axisymmetric deformation of a poroelastic half-space with anisotropic permeability and compressible constituents by surface loads

A quasi-static axisymmetric solution is obtained of the fully coupled diffusion-deformation system of equations for a poroelastic half-space possessing anisotropic permeability and compressible solid and fluid constituents. This solution is used to study analytically the deformation of a half-space by surface loads. The problem of normal disc loading is discussed in detail. The effects of the compressibility of the solid and fluid constituents and the anisotropy in permeability are studied numerically

Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic leaf, stem and flower extract of Aerva lanata

Screening of phytochemicals provides the potentiality for serving several illnesses. The current investigation was carried out the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of leaf, flower and stem of Aerva lanata commonly known as Sirupeelai through spectroscopic analysis. In this screening the major components are carbohyrates, aminoacids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and cocumarins. The antibacterial activity showed maximum sensitivity in leaf extract of Staphylococcus aureus(16mm). The FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed that the functional groups were alkene, alkyne, amines which showed major peaks. Based on antibacterial activity and functional group analysis, GC-MS was carried out in leaf extract of A. lanata. The current report indicated 27 bioactive compounds, in that Uridine is a major peak which showed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous activity etc

Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) Fitting of Magneto Transport of Bi2Se3 Single Crystal in Different Magnetic Field Ranges

We report the detailed study of structural micro-structuraland high magnetic field magneto transport propertiesof Bi2Se3single crystal. Bi2Se3 single crystal is grown through conventional solid-state reaction route via the self-flux method. Rietveld analysis on Powder X-ray Diffraction showed that the studied Bi2Se3 crystal is crystallized in single-phase without any impurity. The surface morphology analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy study which shows that as-grown single crystal exhibit layered type structure and the quantitative weight of the atomic constituents (Bi and Se) are found to be closeto the stoichiometric amount in energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Low temperature (2.5K) magneto-resistance (MR) exhibited a v-type cusp around origin at lower magnetic field, which is the sign of weak anti-localization effect. Further, Bi2Se3 single crystal magneto conductivity data is fitted by well-known HLN equation in different magnetic field range of 2Tesla, 4Tesla and 6Tesla and the resultant found that the conduction mechanism of Bi2Se3 is dominated by WAL state.Comment: 4 Pages Text + Fig