STABILITY INDICATING RP HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ARMODAFINIL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop simple reverse phase HPLC method for the estimation of Armodafinil in tablet dosage form. Methods: Chromatography was performed by isocratic elution on a Stainless steel Hibar C18 column with dimensions 4.6 x 250 mm, packed with octadecylsilane bonded to porous silica (C18) with particle size 5 micron. Acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 50:50 v/v is used as mobile phase. The flow rate is 1.0 ml/ min and effluent is monitored at 220 nm. Armodafinil was eluted at a retention time of 3.8 minutes. Results: The standard curve of Armodafinil was linear over a working range of 1–700 µg/ml and gave an average correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the drug is 0.1 µg/ ml. Recovery studies were carried out by standard addition method and the recoveries are found satisfactory within the range of 99.3 to 101.5 %. The method is precise with % RSD below Conclusion: The method is validated in terms of robustness and forced degradation studies were carried out and this method can be applied for routine degradation studies ans quantification in regular laboratories

Punctured Turbo Codes for Bandwidth-efficient Transmission

Turbo codes are the error-coding schemes applied nowadays in wireless networks. In navalapplications, the information is mostly sent through wireless networks and the data is moreprone to noise. Since very important data has to be communicated, it is necessary to get backthe original data in the receiver. In military applications also, the soldiers wear electronic jacketswhich are connected by wireless networks. In such applications, the data loss is not affordableand there is also a need to utilise the bandwidth efficiently through puncturing by means ofwhich certain bits are deleted before transmission from the output of encoder. By means of thispunctured turbo codes, bandwidth-efficient coding is achieved. Hence, it is necessary to designturbo codes with an efficient puncturing pattern so that the performance of the punctured codeis also improved in spite of deletion of few bits before transmission. This paper deals in choosingthe puncturing patterns that lead to systematic rate-compatible punctured turbo codes (RCPTCs)which also give a reduction in bit-error rate. The design criterion for choosing the best puncturingpatterns is based on the minimum weight of code words and their multiplicities. The best puncturingpattern chosen is tested for its performance by simulating turbo codes for an additive whiteGaussian noise (AWGN ) channel. Compared with the existing puncturing pattern, the patternproposed is able to achieve a gain of 0.5 dB at a bit-error rate of 10-3

Expression of nestin - a stem cell associated intermediate filament in human CNS tumours

Background & objectives: Nestin is an intermediate filament protein expressed in undifferentiated cells during the development of brain and is considered as a marker for neuroepithelial stem cells. Expression of this protein in various CNS tumour cells suggests the possibility of existence of tumour stem cell modulating the evolution. We carried out an immunohistochemical study to demonstrate the expression of nestin and its co-expression with neuronal and glial intermediate filament and correlate with the grade of malignancy. Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin processed sections from two human foetuses, 16 brain tumours of both neuronal and glial lineage and two metastatic tumours were immunostained with polyclonal antibody to nestin. Serial sections from primary brain tumours were also stained with monoclonal antibody to neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Fluorescent double labeling was carried out on four cases using laser confocal microscopy, to document co-localization of nestin with other intermediate filaments in the tumour cells. Results: Nestin expression was observed along the paraventricular zone of human foetuses and in brain tumours of both glial and neuronal lineage, of both high and low grades of malignancy. In addition, mature dysplastic spinal motor neurons adjacent to tumour and cerebellar Purkinje cells also expressed nestin along with neurofilament. Interpretation & conclusion: Nestin expression was noted in both low and high grade brain tumours and dysplastic neurons and did not parallel the malignant grade of the tumour. The expression of nestin in tumour cells and dysplastic neurons suggests aberrant expression of antigenically primitive proteins in cells to facilitate remodelling of the cell and migration. More studies are needed to elucidate the concept

E. coli AB 1157 susceptibility test, MTT assay on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines of root and leaf fractions of Viburnum Linn. species

The aim of this study was to evaluate mutagenic bacterial susceptibility and cytotoxic potency of Viburnum coriaceumBlume and Viburnum erubescens Wall.ex DC in order to report the actual chemotherapeutic potentials of these two species.The methanolic (80%) leaf and chloroform root extracts of Viburnum Linn. Species were tested for their bacterial strainbased cytotoxicity employing Agar diffusion method suing E. coli AB 1157 strain. Also, the MTT assay was carried outemploying MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and HeLa cervical cell lines. It was started with IC50 value determination of theselected test extracts from the results of bacterial strain based cytotoxicity. Upon increase in concentration up to 1000μg/mL in agar diffusion cytotoxicity studies VCMLE, VEMLE and VCCRE had shown diameter of inhibition zone 10 mm,9 mm and 10 mm respectively. Among other extracts, the VEMLE and VCCRE were selected to go ahead with anticanceractivity by MTT assay. The potentials of extracts through cytotoxicity mechanism had produced 30-40% protection againstcancer cell lines. It was concluded that VEMLE and VCCRE had produced the cytotoxic effect on E. coli AB 1157 strain.and were selected for the cytotoxic studies. The effects exhibited by the selected extracts may be due to the presenceof diverse number of active constituents present in Viburnum Linn species also may be to the presence ofunreported constituents

E. coli AB 1157 susceptibility test, MTT assay on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines of root and leaf fractions of Viburnum Linn. species

525-530The aim of this study was to evaluate mutagenic bacterial susceptibility and cytotoxic potency of Viburnum coriaceum Blume and Viburnum erubescens Wall.ex DC in order to report the actual chemotherapeutic potentials of these two species. The methanolic (80%) leaf and chloroform root extracts of Viburnum Linn. Species were tested for their bacterial strain based cytotoxicity employing Agar diffusion method suing E. coli AB 1157 strain. Also, the MTT assay was carried out employing MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and HeLa cervical cell lines. It was started with IC50 value determination of the selected test extracts from the results of bacterial strain based cytotoxicity. Upon increase in concentration up to 1000 µg/mL in agar diffusion cytotoxicity studies VCMLE, VEMLE and VCCRE had shown diameter of inhibition zone 10 mm, 9 mm and 10 mm respectively. Among other extracts, the VEMLE and VCCRE were selected to go ahead with anticancer activity by MTT assay. The potentials of extracts through cytotoxicity mechanism had produced 30-40% protection against cancer cell lines. It was concluded that VEMLE and VCCRE had produced the cytotoxic effect on E. coli AB 1157 strain. and were selected for the cytotoxic studies. The effects exhibited by the selected extracts may be due to the presence of diverse number of active constituents present in Viburnum Linn species also may be to the presence of unreported constituents

Research for practice in small human service organisations: doing and disseminating smallscale research

A series of novel alkynyl substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DHPM) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro as potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM). All these compounds were prepared via a multi-component reaction (MCR) involving sequential I2-mediated Biginelli reaction followed by Cu-free Sonogashira coupling. Some of them showed promising inhibitory activities when tested at 30 μM. One compound showed dose dependent inhibition of CM with IC50 value of 14.76 ± 0.54 μM indicating o-alkynylphenyl substituted DHPM as a new scaffold for the discovery of promising inhibitors of CM

In vitro haemolytic, antioxidant and antibacterial (ESBLs and MRSA) activity of Datura metel L. flower and leaf extracts

Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an issue of concern as it affects the efficiency of antibiotics significantly. It makes the drug manufacturers continuously search for newer molecules that are safe and effective. To meet this challenge, researchers look towards natural resources, particularly plants, for possible new molecules that can be potentially tapped for medicinal purposes. In this context, here, we investigated Datura metel, commonly called the Angel’s trumphet as it is known for medicinal properties. We studied the hot water and methanol extracts of its flowers and leaves for antibacterial, antioxidant and antihemolytic activities. We used disc diffusion, phospho-molybdate and spectrophotometric methods. The bacteria tested were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and β lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli. The zone of inhibition (ZoI), as a measure of bacterial growth inhibition, was checked and found to range from 1.2-17.5 mm at the tested concentrations; ESBL producing E. coli was more subtle than MRSA. Total antioxidant capacity measured at 695 nm showed an average score of 17.4 μg/mL, displaying better activity of methanol extract. Antihemolytic property was tested on 0.5% RBC and percentage hemolysis was measured at optical density of 540 nm. Both the extracts showed considerably similar activity, though hot water lowered the hemolytic activity. Over all, the results suggest that D. metel could be exploited for its potential to inhibit drug resistant bacteria; free radical scavenging activity; and anti-hemolytic properties

A NARRATIVE DATA ON - DEMAND SERVICE FOR COMMON INTERESTS OF NEIGHBORS

Clustering peers by their physical closeness will usually increase file query performance. However, couple of current works can cluster peers according to both peer interest and physical closeness. Furthermore, PAIS improves the intra-sub-cluster file looking through several approaches. First, it further classifies the eye of the sub-cluster to numerous sub-interests, and groups’ common-sub-interest nodes right into a group for file discussing. Although structured P2Ps provide greater file query efficiency than unstructured P2Ps, it is not easy to understand it because of their strictly defined topologies. Efficient file totally vital that you the general performance of peer-to-peer (P2P) file discussing systems. Clustering peers by their common interests can considerably boost the efficiency of file query. Within this work, we introduce a Closeness-Aware and Interest-clustered P2P file discussing System (PAIS) with different structured P2P, which forms physically-close nodes right into a cluster and additional groups physically-close and customary-interest nodes right into a sub-cluster with different hierarchical topology. PAIS uses a smart file replication formula to help enhance file query efficiency. It produces replicas of files which are frequently asked for by several physically close nodes within their location. Second, PAIS develops an overlay for every group that connects lower capacity nodes to greater capacity nodes for distributed file querying while staying away from node overload. Third, to lessen file searching delay, PAIS uses positive file information collection to ensure that personal files requester can determine if it’s asked for file is within its nearby nodes. 4th, to lessen the overhead from the file information collection, PAIS uses blossom filter based file information collection and corresponding distributed file searching. Fifth, to enhance the file discussing efficiency, PAIS ranks the blossom filter leads to order. Sixth, thinking about that the lately visited file is commonly visited again, the blossom filter based approach is enhanced by only examining the recently added blossom filter information to lessen file searching delay. Trace-driven experimental is a result of the actual-world Planet Lab test bed show PAIS significantly reduces overhead and improves the efficiency of file discussing with and without churn. Further, the experimental results show our prime effectiveness from the intra-sub-cluster file searching approaches in enhancing file searching efficiency

Improvement of two traditional Basmati rice varieties for bacterial blight resistance and plant stature through morphological and marker-assisted selection

Bacterial blight (BB) is a major production threat to Basmati, the aromatic rice prized for its unique quality. In order to improve the BB resistance of two elite, traditional BB-susceptible Basmati varieties (Taraori Basmati and Basmati 386), we utilized the strategy of limited marker-assisted backcrossing for introgression of two major BB resistance genes, Xa21 and xa13, coupled with phenotype-based selection for improvement of their plant type and yield. Improved Samba Mahsuri, an elite high-yielding, fine-grain-type BB-resistant rice variety served as donor for BB resistance. Backcross-derived improved Basmati lines at BC1F5 possessing a single resistance gene (i.e. either Xa21 or xa13) displayed moderate resistance to BB, while lines possessing both Xa21 and xa13 showed significantly higher levels of resistance. Two-gene pyramid lines (Xa21 + xa13) possessing good grain and cooking quality similar to their respective traditional Basmati parents, short plant stature (<110 cm plant height) and higher grain yield than the recurrent parent(s) were identified and advanced. This work demonstrates the successful application of marker-assisted selection in conjunction with phenotype-based selection for targeted introgression of multiple resistance genes into traditional Basmati varieties along with improvement of their plant stature and yield