Consumer Preference and Willingness To Pay For Local Orange of Rimau Gerga Lebong

The increasing demand and consumption of oranges have led many local governments to participate in developing superior local orange varieties that are acceptable to consumers, such as the local orange variety called "rimau gerga lebong" from Bengkulu Province. This study aims to analyze consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for rimau gerga lebong oranges. Primary data for the study were collected through an online survey of 200 respondents who have purchased and consumed oranges in Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, and Jambi regions. The survey was conducted from April to May 2022. The data were analyzed using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and willingness to pay (WTP) analysis. Four attributes were considered in the DCE and WTP analyses: taste, water content, freshness, and price. The results indicate that consumers prefer gerga oranges due to their fresh, high water content, and sweet taste attributes. Furthermore, consumers are willing to pay a higher price, with a maximum additional price of Rp. 936.08/kg for fresh oranges, Rp. 497.59/kg for juicy oranges, and Rp. 307.89/kg for sweet oranges. Improving the quality of orange attributes according to consumer needs can lead to increased profits. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for breeders and marketers to ensure that orange quality aligns with the needs and desires of consumers. Based on these findings, several managerial implications can be formulated to enhance and maintain orange attributes. Keywords: discrete choice experiment, orange attributes, preference, utilty product, willingness to pa

An f(R,T) Gravity Based FLRW Model and Observational Constraints

We attempt to model a present time accelerating universe, in the framework of FLRW space-time using field equations of f(R,T) gravity and taking $f(R,T) = R + 2 \lambda T$, $\lambda$ being an arbitrary constant. For this, terms containing $\lambda$ in the field equation are assumed as a source of energy producing negative pressure. Our model is a novel one in the sense that the $\lambda$ parameter develops a fluid whose equation of state is parameterized. The model parameters, present values of density, Hubble and deceleration parameters are estimated statistically to arrive at physically viable cosmology. We consider three types of observational data set: $46$ Hubble parameter data set, SNe Ia $715$ data sets of distance modulus and apparent magnitude and 66 Pantheon data set (the latest compilation of SN Ia 40 bined plus 26 high redshift apparent magnitude $m_b$ data set in the redshift range $0.014 \leq z \leq 2.26$. These data are compared with theoretical results through the $\chi^2$ statistical test. The universe model exhibits phase transition from decelerating to accelerating one. We have calculated transional red shifts and time for the data sets. Our estimated results for the present values of various model parameters such Hubble , deceleration etc. are found as per expectations and surveys. We get a very interesting result from estimations that at present, the value of density $\rho_0$ is $\simeq 1.5 \rho_c$. The critical density is estimated as $\rho_c\simeq 1.88~ h_0^2~10^{-29}~gm/cm^3$ in the literature. The higher value of present density is attributed to the presence of dark matter and dark energy in the universe. We have also examined the behaviour of pressure in our model. It is negative and is dominant over density $\simeq - 0.7 \rho_0$.Comment: 19 pages, 30 figure

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Melukis Dengan Teknik Tarikan Benang

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan melukis dengan teknik tarikan benang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus anak di RA Uswatun Hasanah Panca Mukti. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau yang disebut juga Classroom action research dengan prosedur yang digunakan berbentuk siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok A di RA Uswatun Hasanah Panca Mukti yang berjumlah 13 orang anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan dua siklus, dengan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif, analisis data dengan menggunakan persentase. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil peningkatan bahasa anak pada siklus I pertemuan I sebesar 44,23%, dan pertemuan II sebesar 55,77%. Pada siklus II pertemuan I peningkatan sebesar 69,73% dan pertemuan II sebesar 92,95%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan melukis dengan teknik tarikan benang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus anak kelompok A di RA Uswatun Hasanah Panca Mukti, terbukti pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan, hasil persentase pencapaian sebesar 92,95% dengan kriteria berkembang sangat baik (BSB)

A study on etiology of papilloedema in South Tamilnadu

INTRODUCTION: The etiological diagnosis and management of papilloedema is one of the most fascinating and perplexing problems of Neuro ophthalmology. Papilloedema is one of the most common conditions an ophthalmologist comes across in routine clinical practice. The ophthalmologist has a vital role in differentiating papilloedema from pseudo papilloedema, in confirming the diagnosis and in advising the time of surgery and in giving the prognosis as far as vision is concerned. In this study an attempt has been made to study papilloedema in all its aspects. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the different etiologies of papilloedema in a tertiary level hospital. 2. To study the progression of papilloedema during the course of disease. 3. To find out the associated systemic causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of etiologies and ophthalmoscopic findings, CT findings of papilloedema in South Tamil Nadu was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli. Settings: Ophthalmology ward, Neuro Medicine ward, Neuro surgical ward, Medical ward, Pediatric ward. Study design: Single centre observational prospective hospital based study. Period of study: June 2007 to June 2009. Ethical approval: Obtained Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital is a tertiary care centre in South Tamil Nadu. The patient population is fairly representative sample of the disease pattern in this region. 75 patients with papilloedema in the above period who satisfied the set criteria were included. 1). Papilloedema is defined as bilateral passive noninflammatory edema of the optic disc due to raised intra cranial pressure which is almost always bilateral and without any visual deficit. 2). The patients presented with headache, nausea, vomiting, defective vision with ophthalmoscopic findings of fundus with papilloedema. 3). 75 patients, with visual acuity recording, field charting, colour vision, neurological examination, CT brain were included. Exclusion criteria: 1). Inflammatory optic disc edema. 2). Unilateral papilloedema were excluded. 3). Pseudo papilloedema were excluded. After obtaining consent from either patient or relatives, all patient in the study group were evaluated by complete medical history, full ophthalmoscopic examination, fundus examination and CT scan and MR imaging of brain in indicated cases. Clinical history: Clinical history was recorded from either the patient or his/her relatives. Special emphasis was given to the presenting complaint, mode of onset, duration, associated features, activity of the patient at the time of onset and the pattern of presentation. Presence or absence of risk factors for papilloedema were also noted. Past H/o HT, steroid intake, oral contraceptive pills, trauma, tumor, treatment were carefully sought. Ophthalmic evaluation: Visual acuity, tension, colour vision, field, fundus examination with direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope and +90 D lens were noted. A detailed neurological examination was done in each patient which included examination of higher functions, cranial nerves, sensory system, motor reflex and cerebellum. Investigations like blood Hb%, TC, DC, blood sugar, CT brain, MRI brain were done in all patients. CONCLUSION: 1. Papilloedema is most common in the 3rd decade of life and rare after 50 years of age. There is a female preponderance. 2. Headache is the commonest symptom and vomiting is rare according to my study. 3. Poor vision at presentation and late detection of papilloedema are factors responsible for poor visual outcome. 4. Symptoms of vomiting and diplopia are infrequent but important indicators of papilloedema. 5. Enlarged blind spot is the commonest field defect. 6. Idiopathic intra cranial hypertension was the commonest etiology for papilloedema in my study. 7. Infra tentorial tumours are the commonest intra cranial space occupying lesions causing papilloedema. 8. All patients visiting the ophthalmology department must have a fundus examination to detect papilloedema especially those presenting with headache. 9. Behcet syndrome and iron deficiency anaemia have to be born in mind as rare but proven causes of papilloedema. RECOMMENDATION & PREVENTIVE PROSPECTS: 1. All the patients with headache should be evaluated ophthalmoscopically to look for papilloedema. 2. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment may relieve symptoms. 3. In chronic cases papilloedema resolves into optic atrophy and visual loss is the outcome. So early treatment is necessary to retain vision

Damage potential of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on cocoa beans: effect of initial adult population density and post infestation storage time

The effect of different initial adult population densities of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at several post infestation storage times on the final adult population density, the percentage of damaged beans, the percentage of weight loss, and the weight of insect feeding residues on cocoa beans was investigated in laboratory experiments. Both factors interactively had highly significant (P < 0.01) effects on variables assessed. The highest mean final adult population density of 129.7 ± 4.6 was recorded in samples infested with the highest initial adult population density and stored for 150 d, while the least mean adult population density of 10.8 ± 0.54 was recorded on samples infested with the lowest initial adult population density in samples stored for 30 d. The highest percentage damaged cocoa beans 51.0 ± 1.21% was recorded in samples infested with the highest initial adult population density, while the least mean percentage damaged beans of 16.9 ± 1.26% was also recorded on samples infested with the lowest initial adult population density. Similar trends of means were recorded for all the remaining variables. Correlation between factors was significant and positive. Multiple and simple linear regressions analyses were also significant (P < 0.01) and all equations fitted the regression models and perfectly described the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. Our results show that T. castaneum can impact negatively on both the quantity and quality of stored cocoa within just 30 days of infestation, with the impact increasing with increasing population density and post infestation storage time

Curvature dominance DE-model in f(R)f(R)-gravity

We have probed a cosmological model in $f(R)$-gravity, which is a cubic equation in scalar curvature $R$. The terms arise due to nonlinear $f(R)$ function are treated as energy due to curvature inspired geometry. As a result, we find accelerating expansion in the universe, which creates an anti-gravitating negative pressure in it. Some of the physical parameters are solved using numerical methods. The evolution of the model are examined by the latest observational Hubble data (46-data points) and Pantheon data (the latest compilation of SNIa with 40 binned in the redshift range $0.014 \leqslant z \leqslant1.62$). Some important features of the model have been discussed by analyzing the plots of various dynamical parameters. The plots of deceleration parameter $q$ and the Hubble parameter $H$ describe the accelerating expansion in the evolution of the Universe at the present epoch. The transition from deceleration to acceleration for our model is obtained at redshift $z_{tr} \simeq 0.694069$, which is in good agreement with $\Lambda$CDM. We have also carried out state finder analysis for our model. The analysis of specific features of the model confirms that our model is consistent with $\Lambda$CDM in late times.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

An FLRW accelerating universe model in Weyl type f(Q)f(Q) gravity and Observational Constraints

We propose to develop a cosmological model of the universe based on Weyl type $f(Q)$ gravity which shows the transition from decelerating in the past to acceleration at present by considering a particular functional form of $f(Q)$ gravity as $f(Q) = ({H_0}^2) (\alpha_1 + \alpha_2 \hskip0.05in log ({H_0^{-2}} Q))$. We have solved Weyl type $f(Q)$ gravity field equations numerically and have obtained numerical solutions to the Hubble and deceleration parameters, distance modulus, and apparent magnitudes of stellar objects like SNIa Supernovae. We have also obtained numerical solutions for the Weyl vector $w$, non-metricity scalar $Q$, and the Lagrangian multiplier $\lambda$ appearing in the action of $f(Q)$ gravity. We have compared our theoretical solutions with the error bar plots of the Observed Hubble data set of $77$ points, $580$ distance modulus SNIa data set, and $1048$ supernova Pantheon data sets of apparent magnitudes. It is found that our results fit well with the observed data set points. \bf{The model envisages a unique feature that although the universe is filled with perfect fluid as dust whose pressure is zero, still the weyl vector dominance f(Q) creates acceleration in it. }Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Keterampilan Khithabah untuk Meningkatkan Maharah Kalam di Pondok Pesantren Darul Amin Bustanul Arifin

Islamic Boarding School of Darul Amin Bustanul Arifin is one of the Islamic boarding schools located in the Mandailing Natal regency. Based on preliminary research in the field by interviewing the students, the Arabic speaking skill of the students at the Islamic Boarding School of Darul Amin Bustanul Arifin was considered as low. In consequence, the team of community service consisting of Arabic language and literature lecturers was motivated to organize a relevant program on Arabic language enhancement through training in speech or khithabah. This training was hoped to give an improvement on students’ Arabic speaking skills. In addition, this program was expected to trigger the students to be self-confident to deliver a speech in front of the audience, particularly when expressing ideas, sharing new knowledge, and preaching religious messages to society. This program applied two methods namely the speech method delivered by the team of community service consisting of Arabic language and literature lecturers and the communicative method through question-answer sessions related to the program’s materials which were strengthened by displaying the speech text and allowing students to practice the speech by turns. The program of community service conducted by the team of Arabic Language and literature lecturers at the Islamic boarding school of Darul Amin Bustanul Arifin run very well. The result of the program is expected to give benefit students’ Arabic speaking skills pertinently improving their self-confidence for speech delivery in front of the audience.Keywords: training of speech, Speaking Skills, Islamic boarding school, Darul Amin Bustanul Arifin

An Axially Symmetric Transitioning models with Observational Constraints

In this study, we have demonstrated the expansion history of an axially symmetric Bianchi type-I model of the universe. Our model as of now presents an accelerating universe, which had been in the decelerating phase in the past. Roles of the two crucial Hubble~$H(z)$ and deceleration~$q(z)$ parameters are examined. The energy parameters of the universe are estimated with the help of the latest observational Hubble data (46-data points) and Pantheon data (the latest compilation of SNIa with 40 binned in the redshift range $0.014 \leq z \leq 1.62)$. We also discuss the stability analysis of the model by state finder diagnosis. The analysis reveals that in late time, the model is a quintessence type and points towards the $\Lambda$CDM model. Our developed model agrees with observational findings in a proper way. We have discussed some of the physical aspects of the model.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Contribution of transglutaminases and their substrate proteins to the formation of cornified cell envelope in oral mucosal epithelium

松本歯科大学大学院歯学独立研究科博士（歯学）学位申請論