Internet Ussage and Agricultural Information Utilization by Agricultural Extension Staff in Bogor District

The vast development of communication technology produces so many communication media that can be used to disseminate information. One of the communication media that can be used is cyberspace communication or internet media. Agricultural extension workers as those who act as diseminator supposedly able to utilize agricultural information communication technology development in carrying out their duties and functions. This study aims to description of internet USAge by agricultural extension, analyze the factors affecting the level of internet USAge, as well as analysis of the utilization of information and its relevance to the level of use by agricultural extension. The level of internet USAge by respondents measured the frequency and duration of use is still low. Respondents use the internet less than three times a week and duration of less than three hours a day. Factors significantly correlated with the use of the Internet by agricultural extension is extension characteristics (age and availability of technology) and information needs of extension (information processing technology, marketing and climate). Utilization by agricultural extension information is stored for consumption in the form of private, shared with a fellow instructor for discussion, and distributed to farmers as extension material. More than half of the respondents utilize the information to be discussed to fellow instructor, the next disseminated to farmers and stored for personal

Faktor Lingkungan Dan Perilaku Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Malaria Di Kecamatan Panyabungan Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

Panyabungan is one of the districts in Mandailing Natal regency which is an endemic area of malaria. The number of Malaria cases until 2013 reached 36.6 ‰ in 2879 positive cases. This study aimed to determine factors related to the malaria's occurrence. This research was observational analytic study with case control design, analyzed by logistic regression.. The result of study indicated that the area of study was in the plateu, the average of temperature and humidity is 30.8 ° C and 66.7% during the day but the everage at night is on 27.2 ° C and 71.7. Factors which significantly associated with the occurence of malaria were the use of mosquito nets (p value: 0.000; OR: 3.573 ; 95% CI: 1.732 to 7.373), the use of anti-mosquito substance (p value: 0.029; OR: 2.719; 95% CI: 1.087 to 6.798), had activity outside of the house at night (p value: 0.01; OR: 3.254; 95% CI: 1.563 to 6.777), the use of long clothes (p value: 0.013; OR: 2.474; 95% CI: 1.205 to 5.076) and the presence of stagnant water (p value: 0.033; OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.118). The dominant risk factors was not using mosquito nets at night.Panyabungan merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal dan termasuk daerah endemis malaria. Angka kesakitan malaria hingga tahun 2013 mencapai 36,6‰ dengan 2879 kasus positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria.Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain case control, dan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daerah penelitian berada di daerah dataran, rata-rata suhu dan kelembaban pada siang hari 30,8 oC dan 66,7% sedangkan pada malam hari 27,2 oC dan 71,7 %. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian malaria yaitu penggunaan kelambu (p value: 0,000; OR: 3,573; 95% CI: 1,732-7,373), pemakaian obat anti nyamuk (p value: 0,029; OR: 2,719; 95% CI: 1,087-6,798), keluar rumah pada malam hari (p value: 0,01; OR: 3,254; 95% CI: 1,563-6,777), kerapatan pakaian (p value: 0,013; OR: 2,474; 95% CI: 1,205-5,076) dan genangan air (p value: 0,033; OR: 2,33; 95% CI: 1,06-5,118). Faktor risiko yang dominan terhadap kejadian malaria di Kecamatan Panyabungan adalah tidak menggunakan kelambu pada malam hari

Faktor Lingkungan Dan Perilaku Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Malaria Di Kecamatan Panyabungan Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

Panyabungan is one of the districts in Mandailing Natal regency which is an endemic area of malaria. The number of Malaria cases until 2013 reached 36.6 ‰ in 2879 positive cases. This study aimed to determine factors related to the malaria's occurrence. This research was observational analytic study with case control design, analyzed by logistic regression.. The result of study indicated that the area of study was in the plateu, the average of temperature and humidity is 30.8 ° C and 66.7% during the day but the everage at night is on 27.2 ° C and 71.7. Factors which significantly associated with the occurence of malaria were the use of mosquito nets (p value: 0.000; OR: 3.573 ; 95% CI: 1.732 to 7.373), the use of anti-mosquito substance (p value: 0.029; OR: 2.719; 95% CI: 1.087 to 6.798), had activity outside of the house at night (p value: 0.01; OR: 3.254; 95% CI: 1.563 to 6.777), the use of long clothes (p value: 0.013; OR: 2.474; 95% CI: 1.205 to 5.076) and the presence of stagnant water (p value: 0.033; OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.118). The dominant risk factors was not using mosquito nets at night.Panyabungan merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal dan termasuk daerah endemis malaria. Angka kesakitan malaria hingga tahun 2013 mencapai 36,6‰ dengan 2879 kasus positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria.Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain case control, dan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daerah penelitian berada di daerah dataran, rata-rata suhu dan kelembaban pada siang hari 30,8 oC dan 66,7% sedangkan pada malam hari 27,2 oC dan 71,7 %. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian malaria yaitu penggunaan kelambu (p value: 0,000; OR: 3,573; 95% CI: 1,732-7,373), pemakaian obat anti nyamuk (p value: 0,029; OR: 2,719; 95% CI: 1,087-6,798), keluar rumah pada malam hari (p value: 0,01; OR: 3,254; 95% CI: 1,563-6,777), kerapatan pakaian (p value: 0,013; OR: 2,474; 95% CI: 1,205-5,076) dan genangan air (p value: 0,033; OR: 2,33; 95% CI: 1,06-5,118). Faktor risiko yang dominan terhadap kejadian malaria di Kecamatan Panyabungan adalah tidak menggunakan kelambu pada malam hari

Analisis Tataniaga Kelinci (Orictolagus, Spp.) Di Kabupaten Karo

Tataniaga merupakan suatu proses penciptaan nilai tambah dari suatu produk yang mengalir dari produsen hingga ke konsumen akhir. Tujuan akhir yang ingin dicapai adalah mengalokasikan sumber daya secara efisien untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui saluran, lembaga, fungsi dan struktur tataniaga; menganalisis share margin setiap lembaga; dan mengetahui tingkat efisiensi tataniaga kelinci di Kabupaten Karo. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive dengan pertimbangan Kabupaten Karo merupakan sentra peternakan kelinci di Sumatera Utara. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran (tracer study) dan wawancara langsung kepada responden (peternak, pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang pengecer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 (empat) saluran pemasaran kelinci di daerah penelitian. Hasil analisis pada masing-masing kelembagaan pemasaran ternak kelinci menunjukkan bahwa share harga peternak terbesar terdapat pada saluran II (peternak → pedagang pengumpul daerah → pedagang pengecer luar daerah → konsumen luar daerah) dengan nilai 33,33% (Rp25.000,00/ekor). Pedagang pengumpul daerah memperoleh keuntungan terbesar pada saluran I (Rp51.570,00), pedagang pengumpul luar daerah pada saluran III (Rp47.650,00), pedagang pengecer luar daerah pada saluran II (Rp23.150,00). Semua saluran tataniaga kelinci di daerah penelitian sudah efisien yang dicirikan dengan nilai efisiensi yang lebih dari 1

Managing Inventory on Blood Supply Chain

There is unbalance the amount of blood demand and the availability of blood for each component at Blood Transfusion Unit in Indonesia. As the result, this component run into inventory shortage so management need to maintain the strategy of blood supply chain for the patients. Purpose of this is to manage inventory on the blood component of Packed Red Cells which it to be the highest blood component requirement for patient in this case study. Managing inventory is done through several stages including forecasting method, safety stock, and re-order point. Finding of this study was obtained that exponential smoothing (α = 0.95) to be the best forecasting method. Then, to manage inventory, this agency need to prepared 34 blood bags for safety stock and 76 blood bags for re-order point. This results able to give recommendation to the Blood Transfusion Unit at Indonesia regarding with the number of blood component provided and how much re-order to be made at the time of reaching the lead time. Further study is suggested to conduct simulation method in order to evaluate policy in managing blood inventory and prepare scenario for optimizing inventory level. Keywords Blood ·Blood transfusion unit, Production Re-order point, Inventory · Safety stock, Supply cha

The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Analysing trends and levels of the burden of disease at the national level can mask inequalities in health-related progress in lower administrative units such as provinces and districts. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse health patterns in Indonesia at the provincial level between 1990 and 2019. Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia's advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Methods We analysed GBD 2019 estimated cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 286 causes of death, 369 causes of non-fatal health loss, and 87 risk factors by year, age, and sex for Indonesia and its 34 provinces from 1990 to 2019. To generate estimates for Indonesia at the national level, we used 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators, 317 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death, 689 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes, 250 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors, and 1641 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. For subnational estimates, we used the following source counts: 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators; 5848 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death; 1534 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes; 650 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors; and 16 016 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. We generated our GBD 2019 estimates for Indonesia by including 1 915 207 total source metadata rows, and we used 821 total citations. Findings Life expectancy for males across Indonesia increased from 62·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·3–63·7) to 69·4 years (67·2–71·6) between 1990 and 2019, a positive change of 6·9 years. For females during the same period, life expectancy increased from 65·7 years (64·5–66·8) to 73·5 years (71·6–75·6), an increase of 7·8 years. There were large disparities in health outcomes among provinces. In 2019, Bali had the highest life expectancy at birth for males (74·4 years, 70·90–77·9) and North Kalimantan had the highest life expectancy at birth for females (77·7 years, 74·7–81·2), whereas Papua had the lowest life expectancy at birth for males (64·5 years, 60·9–68·2) and North Maluku had the lowest life expectancy at birth for females (64·0 years, 60·7–67·3). The difference in life expectancy for males between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 9·9 years and the difference in life expectacy for females between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 13·7 years. Age-standardised death, YLL, and YLD rates also varied widely among the provinces in 2019. High systolic blood pressure, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high BMI were the five leading risks contributing to health loss measured as DALYs in 2019. Interpretation Our findings highlight that Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases that varies across provinces. From 1990 to 2019, Indonesia witnessed a decline in the infectious disease burden, although communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections have remained a main source of DALYs in Indonesia. During that same period, however, all-ages death and disability rates from non-communicable diseases and exposure to their risk factors accounted for larger shares of health loss. The differences in health outcomes between the highest-performing and lowest-performing provinces have also widened since 1990. Our findings support a comprehensive process to revisit current health policies, examine the root causes of variation in the burden of disease among provinces, and strengthen programmes and policies aimed at reducing disparities across the country. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Indonesia. Translation For the Bahasa Indonesia translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Pengembangan Pendekatan Saintifik K-13 Berbasis Media Autograph untuk Meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skill (Hots)

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan menurut Thiagarajan, yaitu model 4D dengan dimodifikasi. Sasaran uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MTs Negeri 2 Labuhanbatu kelas IX-B tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Peningkatan kemampuan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) matematika siswa diperoleh dari peningkatan rata-rata indikator kemampuan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) matematika, hasil pencapaian peningkatan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) matematika siswa pada Pre Test uji coba 1 adalah sebanyak 21 siswa atau 65,62% dan pada Post Test sebanyak 24 siswa atau 75%. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah siswa yaitu sebanyak 3 siswa atau sebesar 9,37%. Sementara untuk uji coba 2 hasil pencapaian peningkatan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) matematika sisiwa pada Pre Test siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 26 siswa atau 81,25% dan pada Post Test siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 29 siswa atau 90,62%. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 3 siswa atau 9,37%. Kata