CAPTURA ACIDENTAL DA GAROUPA GOLIAS Epinephelus itajara (LICHTENSTEIN, 1822) E Epinephelus sp (BLOCH, 1793) NA PESCA INDUSTRIAL DA COSTA NORTE DO BRASIL: UMA ESPÉCIE CRITICAMENTE AMEAÇADA

Industrial trawling fisheries bycatch are diverse and abundant, catching a significant species richness. Inside captured endangered species like goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara. Five specimens were captured with bottom twin trawls, by shrimps industrial vessels, in Amazon continental shelf. Considering the novelty of the registry, the data reinforce the need for actions that minimize the catches of goliath grouper judges for their bioecological characteristics that classify it as critically endangered.Keywords: Goliath grouper; industrial fishery; by catch; conservation status.A fauna acompanhante das pescarias de arrasto industriais é diversa e abundante, capturando uma significativa riqueza. Dentre estas algumas são ameaçadas de extinção, como o mero Epinephelus itajara. Foram capturados cinco espécimes com redes de arrasto de fundo individuais, através das embarcações de camarões industriais na plataforma continental amazônica. Considerando o ineditismo do registro, os dados reforçam a necessidade de ações que minimizem as capturas de meros a julgar por suas características bioecológicas que o classificam como criticamente ameaçada.Palavras chave: mero, pesca industrial, pesca acessória, status de conservação

Greenhouse gas emission associated with sugar production in southern Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since sugarcane areas have increased rapidly in Brazil, the contribution of the sugarcane production, and, especially, of the sugarcane harvest system to the greenhouse gas emissions of the country is an issue of national concern. Here we analyze some data characterizing various activities of two sugarcane mills during the harvest period of 2006-2007 and quantify the carbon footprint of sugar production.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>According to our calculations, 241 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent were released to the atmosphere per a ton of sugar produced (2406 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per a hectare of the cropped area, and 26.5 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per a ton of sugarcane processed). The major part of the total emission (44%) resulted from residues burning; about 20% resulted from the use of synthetic fertilizers, and about 18% from fossil fuel combustion.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that the most important reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from sugarcane areas could be achieved by switching to a green harvest system, that is, to harvesting without burning.</p

Geographical distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and its phlebotomine vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a re-emerging disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is important to understand both the vector and disease distribution to help design control strategies. As an initial step in applying geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) tools to map disease-risk, the objectives of the present work were to: (i) produce a single database of species distributions of the sand fly vectors in the state of São Paulo, (ii) create combined distributional maps of both the incidence of ACL and its sand fly vectors, and (iii) thereby provide individual municipalities with a source of reference material for work carried out in their area.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A database containing 910 individual records of sand fly occurrence in the state of São Paulo, from 37 different sources, was compiled. These records date from between 1943 to 2009, and describe the presence of at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species in 183/645 (28.4%) municipalities. For the remaining 462 (71.6%) municipalities, we were unable to locate records of any of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species (<it>Nyssomyia intermedia</it>, <it>N. neivai</it>, <it>N. whitmani</it>, <it>Pintomyia fischeri</it>, <it>P. pessoai </it>and <it>Migonemyia migonei</it>). The distribution of each of the six incriminated or suspected vector species of ACL in the state of São Paulo were individually mapped and overlaid on the incidence of ACL for the period 1993 to 1995 and 1998 to 2007. Overall, the maps reveal that the six sand fly vector species analyzed have unique and heterogeneous, although often overlapping, distributions. Several sand fly species - <it>Nyssomyia intermedia </it>and <it>N. neivai </it>- are highly localized, while the other sand fly species - <it>N. whitmani, M. migonei, P. fischeri </it>and <it>P. pessoai </it>- are much more broadly distributed. ACL has been reported in 160/183 (87.4%) of the municipalities with records for at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species, while there are no records of any of these sand fly species in 318/478 (66.5%) municipalities with ACL.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The maps produced in this work provide basic data on the distribution of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vectors of ACL in the state of São Paulo, and highlight the complex and geographically heterogeneous pattern of ACL transmission in the region. Further studies are required to clarify the role of each of the six suspected sand fly vector species in different regions of the state of São Paulo, especially in the majority of municipalities where ACL is present but sand fly vectors have not yet been identified.</p

Carbono orgânico em função do uso do solo

A matéria orgânica é um dos atributos do solo mais sensível às transformações desencadeadas pelos sistemas de manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição e os estoques de carbono em função do uso e da profundidade do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo de florestas nativas, pastagens e culturas em 10 locais, onde os três usos do solo encontravam-se em áreas adjacentes, em quatro profundidades (0-10 cm, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm). O delineamento experimental foi o de parcelas subdivididas (Split-Plot) tendo como tratamentos principais os usos do solo e como tratamentos secundários as profundidades. A maior concentração do carbono orgânico total (COT) foi obtida na camada de 0 a 10 cm. A variação entre as médias dos teores de COT apresentaram a seguinte ordem: floresta (18,02 g dm-3) > pastagem (15,80 g dm-3) > agricultura (12,45 g dm-3). Entre floresta e pastagem não houve diferença entre os valores médios de COT. Houve diferença entre solos sob floresta e sob agricultura, com diminuição de 30,91%. Os teores médios de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) apresentaram a seguinte ordem, entre tipos de uso do solo: floresta (236,42 mg dm-3) > pastagem (151,41 mg dm-3) > agricultura (86,76 mg dm-3). Houve diferença nos teores de COD de 35,95% entre floresta e pastagem e 42,70% entre pastagem e agricultura. Os maiores teores de COD foram obtidos na camada de 0 a 10 cm e a ordem entre os tipos de uso do solo, nesta camada, foi loresta>pastagem>agricultura. O mesmo efeito foi observado na camada de 10 a 20 cm e, na camada de 20 a 40 cm, a diferença ocorreu entre floresta e agricultura, maior na primeira. Não houve diferença nos teores de COD entre os tipos de uso do solo na camada 40 a 60 cm. O estoque de COT médio não apresentou diferença entre os usos do solo quando...Organic matter is one of the most sensitive attributes of the soil triggered by changes in management systems. This study aimed to assess the distribution and carbon stocks depending on the land use and soil depth. There were collected soil samples from native forests, pastures and crops in ten locations, where the three land uses are found in adjacent areas in four depths (0-10 cm, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm ). The experimental design was a Split-Plot having land uses as main treatments and depths as secondary treatments. The highest concentration of total soil organic carbon (SOC) was obtained in the 0 to 10 cm layer. The variation between the mean SOC had the following order: forest (18.02 g dm-3)> grassland (15.80 g dm-3)> agriculture (12.45 g dm-3). Between forest and pasture there was no difference between the mean values of SOC. There was difference between soils under forest and agriculture with a decrease of 30.91%. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) presented the following order between types of land use: forest (236.42 mg dm-3)> grassland (151.41 mg dm-3)> agriculture (86.76 mg dm-3), and showed a difference of 35.95% between forest and grassland, and 42.70% between grassland and agriculture. The highest levels of DOC were found in the 0 to 10 cm layer and the order between types of land use was: forest> pasture> agriculture. Same effect was obtained in the layer 10 to 20 cm and, in the layer 20 to 40 cm, difference was observed between soils under forest and soils under agriculture, higher in the first one. There was no difference in the levels of DOC between types of land use in the layer 40 to 60 cm. The average stock of SOC did not differ between land uses when it was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Synthesis, antitumor activity and docking of 2,3-(substituted)-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur

Eleven 2,3-(substituted)-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized in yields ranging from 52-89%. These derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on human lungs (H460), triple-negative breast (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines. Compounds 5f and 8 showed IC50 values of 3.048 × 10-5 mol L-1 and 4.24 × 10-6 mol L-1 for H460; 5c and 8 showed IC50 values of 2.16 × 10-5 mol L-1 and 1.60 × 10-5 mol L-1 for MDA-MB-231, and 5g and 8 showed IC50 values of 2.68 × 10-6 mol L-1 and 3.89 × 10-6 mol L-1 for A2780. Additionally, we conducted a docking study with the four most active compounds and the therapeutic targets PI3K and topoisomerase II showing the pharmacophoric conformation of these compounds

A Comparative Analysis of the Preference for Dark Environments in Five Teleosts

The present article tried to establish dark/light preference in five different species of teleosts. We proposed, using the data obtained with this method in zebrafishes ( Danio rerio ), Cardinal-tetras ( Paracheirodon axelrodi ), lambaris ( Astyanax altiparanae ), Nile tilapias ( Oreochromis niloticus ), guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) and banded-knife fishes ( Gymnotus carapo ), that preference for dark environments is a reliable and low-cost index of anxiety/fear in those species. A scototactic pattern of exploration was found in all species, and the pattern of locomotion in the white environment suggests its aversiveness for those species, with the exception of G. carapo and O. niloticu s. A comparative analysis uncovered species differences in approach-avoidance dimensions of the task. The data are discussed in terms of the behavioral ecology of the animals and prey-predator relationships, suggesting a link with predator defense strategies in teleost

A Comparative Analysis of the Preference for Dark Environments in Five Teleosts

The present article tried to establish dark/light preference in five different species of teleosts. We proposed, using the data obtained with this method in zebrafishes (Danio rerio), Cardinal-tetras (Paracheirodon axelrodi), lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus), guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and banded-knife fishes (Gymnotus carapo), that preference for dark environments is a reliable and low-cost index of anxiety/fear in those species. A scototactic pattern of exploration was found in all species, and the pattern of locomotion in the white environment suggests its aversiveness for those species, with the exception of G. carapo and O. niloticus. A comparative analysis uncovered species differences in approach-avoidance dimensions of the task. The data are discussed in terms of the behavioral ecology of the animals and prey-predator relationships, suggesting a link with predator defense strategies in teleost

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática.&nbsp;Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor&nbsp;a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação