Restoring the Balance of Power: Impeachment and the Twenty-Second Amendment

The recent proceedings against President William Jefferson Clinton brought Congress\u27 impeachment power into the national spotlight. In the public debate on when it is appropriate for Congress to exercise this power, it is important to consider that the Framers gave this power to the legislature principally as a tool to maintain a balance of power between the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. Examining the debates at the Constitutional Convention, this Note details how the Framers deliberately sought to balance the President\u27s term in office and eligibility for re-election with the Congress\u27 impeachment power in order to prevent one branch from attaining superiority over the other. This Note argues that the Twenty-Second Amendment, which limits the President to two terms in office, has shifted the delicate balance of power established by the Framers in favor of the legislative branch. The Note also suggests that the Framers\u27 desired balance of power between the two branches could be re-established more closely if the phrase high crimes and misdemeanors in Article II of the Constitution were to be construed narrowly

Augustine's theology of preaching

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University.The purpose of this dissertation is to set forth systematically and to analyze critically the theology of preaching of Aurelius Augustine, 345-430 A.D. Available source material was studied resulting in a subject index which disclosed the most promising lines of investigation. The dissertation deals with Augustine's theological orientation as it bears on his theology of preaching, the nature and purpose of preaching, the content of preaching, the method of preaching, and the actual preaching of Augustine. The guiding principle of Augustine's theology of preaching in his understanding of God as personal being. The God of the Christian revelation both is and cares for man. As the ultimate, God commands ment to preach through authorities He ordains in history: Scripture, church, and reason. As personal being in His ultimate reality, He compels men to preach. Men are moved to witness to His gracious love supremely demonstrated in Jesus Christ. The purpose of preaching is rooted in the nature of God. Theology of preaching proceeds from this revealed truth. It begins in metaphysics and issued in history. Theology of preaching is concerned throughout with God and man as personal beings, existing in an inviolable Creator/creature relationship in which God interacts with man without absorbing him. Preaching in instruction in the Christian faith. Christians preach because the God revealed in Jesus Christ commands and compels them to preach. The content of Christian preaching is the faith of the church, proceeding from belief in the Trinity, which faith is at once ultimate and existential truth. The method of preaching consists fundamentally in the personal preparation of the preacher as a Christian, the determination of the subject from Scripture, interpretation of Scripture according to sound principles, and communication to the hearers. Communication is from person to persons in the presence of God. Theology of preaching effects itself in the act of preaching for which it provides the origin and structure. Major issues of Augustine's theology of preaching are viewed in the perspective of some aspects of subsequent theological thought and homiletical method. Much later thought and practice is found to be illuminating, but revision is necessitated only in the area of Augustine's biblical exegesis. Augustine's theology of preaching is found to be biblically sound, classically Christian, and rationally coherent. [TRUNCATED

Choice Availability And Stress Response

A series of studies was carried out in order to determine the effects of choice availability on the magnitude of the stress response. Study One required subjects to rate the stressfulness of a number of imaginally-presented scenarios. The availability of roughly equivalent options did not affect perceived stressfulness relative to single-option conditions, whereas the availability of contrasting options was associated with reductions in rated stressfulness that could not be accounted for by instrumental effects. Study Two used similar conditions, and required subjects to select from an array of one or two volumes of white noise. Both psychophysiological and self-reported evidence of stress indicated greater arousal in anticipation of loud volumes than quiet volumes. The provision of two similar options had much the same effect as providing a single option, but the effect of contrasting options seen in Study One was not observed in this study.;Study Three used a questionnaire format similar to Study One, and compared conditions in which information regarding option effectiveness was either provided or withheld. When only one option was available, the provision of outcome information did not affect rated stressfulness. The availability of a choice between options had no effect when information was unavailable and resulted in lower stress ratings when it was available. Provision of greater than two options produced no further decrements in rated stressfulness. Study Four used the laboratory format of Study Two, and manipulated the number of options (two versus eight) and information availability. There was no effect of the number of options on physiological or self-report measures when information was unavailable or readily available, but when accessing the information entailed a small information processing load per option, greater choice was associated with greater arousal.;It is concluded that choice availability reduces stress levels primarily by enabling the selection of a less threatening outcome. Choice appears to have ameliorative effects only when the information upon which to base a selection is provided. Further, there is some evidence that increasing the number of options may actually increase arousal levels, particularly when each option imposes an information processing load

Determination for the modal age level for grades seven and nine of the principle: gases, liquids, and solids expand when heated and contract when cooled.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

The Spanish Assistant

The Spanish Assistant is an electronic resource created with Macromedia Flash, Dreamweaver and Hot Potatoes 6, to help students in their quest to learn Spanish faster and easier. This project includes a discussion of the processes used to analyze, develop, design, implement and evaluate the electronic resource

Computer simulation of radiation damage in gallium arsenide

A version of the binary-collision simulation code MARLOWE was used to study the spatial characteristics of radiation damage in proton and electron irradiated gallium arsenide. Comparisons made with the experimental results proved to be encouraging

Gas properties computational procedure suitable for electronic calculators

A calculating procedure is presented, based on a least squares polynomial approximation, for duplicating existing tabular values of selected thermodynamic and transport properties of various important gases. Most of the data refer to ideal gases; however, for functions of both temperature and pressure , the pressure has been specified such that the polynomial approximations have only temperature as the independent variable. Suggested algorithms for polynomial evaluations up to the sixth degree are presented and optimized for hand-held or desk top calculators. Using the suggested polynomial fits and a suitable calculator, it is possible to duplicate existing table values for the various functions of the selected gases without interpolation of reference to the tables per se. The error of the included fits is generally less than 0.5%. With the lowest order approximation the error can be as high as 1%. (Author)The work reported herein is the outcome of a directed study course (AE 4900) in the Department of Aeronautics.http://archive.org/details/gaspropertiescom00andrNAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease

Background Acute interstitial nephritis secondary to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) frequently goes undiagnosed due to its subacute clinical presentation, which may later present as chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association of PPI use with the development of CKD and death. Methods Two separate retrospective case–control study designs were employed with a prospective logistic regression analysis of data to evaluate the association of development of CKD and death with PPI use. The population included 99,269 patients who were seen in primary care VISN2 clinics from 4/2001 until 4/2008. For evaluation of the CKD outcome, 22,807 with preexisting CKD at the first observation in Veterans Affairs Health Care Upstate New York (VISN2) network data system were excluded. Data obtained included use of PPI (Yes/No), demographics, laboratory data, pre-PPI comorbidity variables. Results A total of 19,311/76,462 patients developed CKD. Of those who developed CKD 24.4 % were on PPI. Patients receiving PPI were less likely to have vascular disease, COPD, cancer and diabetes. Of the total of 99,269 patients analyzed for mortality outcome, 11,758 died. A prospective logistic analysis of case–control data showed higher odds for development of CKD (OR 1.10 95 % CI 1.05–1.16) and mortality (OR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.67–1.84) among patients taking PPIs versus those not on PPIs. Conclusions Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with increased risk of development of CKD and death. With the large number of patients being treated with proton pump inhibitors, healthcare providers need to be better educated about the potential side effects of these medications