Wireless Power Transfer

The purpose of this project is to innovate or research a contactless power transfer. This project also helps to understand the capability of students that he/she can use the tools and make somethings useful. This technology is also found to be suitable in the every electronics charging sector or teachers can use it for teaching purposes also. WPT is nowadays key of interest. Its seems like an era has been shifted from wired to wireless The main goal of this project is use to study the physics behind wireless electricity transfer technology. Here the Alternating current (AC) is Transfered wirelessly through the contactless power transfer and hence converted into Direct current (DC) where we stabilized the voltage using a voltage regulator. The same project is done on the software using multi-physics simulation software. As a result, the constant 5 volts from the simulator was obtained

Programmable Self-Assembly of Biomolecules Triggered by the Active Nematic Disclinations Network

Studying molecular self-assembly will not only help us to gain better understanding about assembled biological systems, but also shed light to current nanotechnology about how to control the spontaneous interactions and stepwise assemblies. However, developing robust approaches to assemble molecules in predesigned manner despite thermal fluctuations remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that by photopatterning nematic liquid crystal (LC), predesigned artificial defect line network is created, triggering molecular self-assembly in those nanoscopic environments. This template assisted molecular self-assembly is simple and can be realized at arbitrary configurations, geometry and shapes. The programmable molecular assembly structures can also be reconfigured by using external stimuli such as light illumination and mechanical shear. The technique to control and program the molecular self-assembly in predesigned locations and superstructures can be of importance for the development of dynamic functional nanobiomaterials, soft active materials, microfluidic, and sensing devices

Effekte der Statine auf die kanonischen und nicht-kanonischen Hedgehog Signalwege und auf die zirrhotische und die nicht- zirrhotische portale Hypertonie

Statins activate the canonical hedgehog-signaling and aggravate non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, but inhibit the non-canonical hedgehog signaling and cirrhotic portal hypertension Liver cirrhosis but also portal vein obstruction cause portal hypertension (PHT) and angiogenesis. This study investigated the differences of angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic PHT with special emphasis on the canonical (Shh/Gli) and non-canonical (Shh/RhoA) hedgehog pathway. Cirrhotic (bile duct ligation/BDL; CCl4 intoxication) and non-cirrhotic (partial portal vein ligation/ PPVL) rats received either atorvastatin (15 mg/kg; 7d) or control chow before sacrifice. Invasive hemodynamic measurement and Matrigel implantation assessed angiogenesis in vivo. Angiogenesis in vitro was analysed using migration and tube formation assay. In liver and vessel samples from animals and humans, transcript expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and protein expression using Western blot. Atorvastatin decreased portal pressure, shunt flow and angiogenesis in cirrhosis, whereas atorvastatin increased these parameters in PPVL rats. Non-canonical Hh was upregulated in experimental and human liver cirrhosis and was blunted by atorvastatin. Moreover, atorvastatin blocked the non-canonical Hh-pathway RhoA dependently in activated HSCs. Interestingly, hepatic and extrahepatic Hh-pathway was enhanced in PPVL rats, which resulted in increased angiogenesis. In summary, statins caused contrary effects in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Atorvastatin inhibited the non-canonical Hh-pathway and angiogenesis in cirrhosis. In portal vein obstruction, statins enhanced the canonical Hh-pathway and aggravated PHT and angiogenesis

Smartphone-based volunteered geographic information (VGI) for slum mapping in Pokhara City of Nepal

Informal settlements in urban areas are increasing rapidly throughout the world and regularisation of these settlements is being one of the challenging issues. Various study results have shown that conventional cadastral based information system approach and government managed institutional arrangements do not appropriately address land management issues of slum settlements. The aim of this study is to explore application of smartphone based Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and open spatial tools for slum mapping in developing countries such as in Nepal. A case of Pokhara Metropolitan city has been considered to explore the potential of utilization of smartphone based VGI and open spatial tools for slum mapping. Attribute and spatial data were collected using Smartphones and community-driven approach. Spatial and attribute data collected from 229 respondents of household’s surveys are integrated, analysed and interpreted and presented in this paper. Open Street Map (OSM) platforms and QGIS open source software have been used for slum mapping. These maps could play an important role in providing spatial information to the local government and planning authority in Nepal. This research paper concludes that smartphone based VGI and open portals such OSM have great potential to contribute to develop slum database and in providing information to plan various strategies, which aims at understanding, regularisation and upgrading slums

Exploring root rot pathogens in wheat-pea rotations in Kansas

In 2018, over 277,000 bushels of wheat were produced on 7.7 million acres of land in Kansas alone. Based on the price of wheat by the end of 2018, this accounted for $1.44 million. This wheat is normally rotated with soybeans or fallow, but recent interest has arisen regarding the growth of peas in northern Kansas. As of 2019, there are both research and commercial growing operations underway. Many plant diseases have been especially prevalent during the summer because of the high rainfall and heat. In order to assess the severity of pea disease in Kansas, as well as explore potential interconnectivity between wheat and pea pathogens, a survey was conducted, and efforts were made to isolate and culture fungal pathogens of both wheat and pea

Thermalization of long range Ising model in different dynamical regimes: a full counting statistics approach

We study thermalization of transverse field Ising chain with power law decaying interaction $\sim 1/r^{\alpha}$ following a global quantum quench of the transverse field to two different dynamical regimes. We quantify the thermalization behavior by comparing the full probability distribution function (PDF) of the evolving states with the corresponding thermal state given by the Gibbs canonical ensemble (GCE). To this end, we use matrix product state (MPS) based time dependent variational principle (TDVP) algorithm to simulate both real time evolution following a global quantum quench and the finite temperature density operator. We observe that thermalization is strongly suppressed in the region with strong confinement for all the interaction strength $\alpha$ considered whereas thermalization occurs in the region with weak confinement.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures update1: changed some wording

Determinants of access, participation and learning outcomes at primary level in Nepal

Nepal’s national education strategies have sought equitable access and high\ud quality education for all primary children.\ud Progress towards Education For All (EFA) was examined through secondary\ud data using trend analysis with regard to access, participation, equity and\ud exclusion at primary level. Original research investigated learning outcomes in\ud basic reading and arithmetic using an Annual Status Education Report\ud (ASER) type survey. Quantitative methods were used to isolate factors\ud showing high association with access and quality of education.\ud A first analysis employed the Ordinary Least Square method with univariate\ud and multivariate levels of estimation of student performance at school level. A\ud second analysis applied Logistic Regression (univariate and multivariate level)\ud to estimate the key predictor variables at an individual student level. In both\ud analyses the models were employed at three levels of significance.\ud Findings showed inequitable or non-inclusive enrolments and substantial\ud disparities in access and participation particularly in ethnic minorities.\ud There are major quality concerns: from the ASER type testing the majority of\ud rural primary school children were unable to carry out basic number\ud recognition and computation or simple reading in the Nepali language. This\ud was particularly the case for girls and those from the lowest economic quintile.\ud At school level, factors of student attendance, student teacher ratio,\ud textbooks, and school location were statistically significant in relation to\ud learning outcomes, however teacher training and qualifications were negative\ud beta coefficients. At individual level, student characteristics and family factors\ud such as gender, parental education, annual income and parental support\ud were the most important in relation to student performance.\ud Large disparities persist between geographic regions and underserved social\ud groups with a disproportionate impact on girls, the poor and the most\ud vulnerable ethnic minorities. Major hurdles remain to secure satisfactory\ud outcomes for all in primary education in Nepal and achieve the EFA goals of\ud universal quality primary education by 2015

Exploring the wheat virome using high-throughput Nanopore sequencing: A metagenomic and phylogenetic analysis

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Plant PathologyJessica RuppKansas is one of the top wheat-producing states in the United States. Many wheat viruses have been recognized as common yield-reducing factors. The synergistic impact of several concurrent infecting wheat viruses is responsible for millions of dollars lost in wheat production. Genetic resistance, using virus-resistant cultivars, is one of the key management practices of wheat viruses. The primary threat to durable genetic resistance is the presence of potential new virus variants in the field. The main objective of this study was to explore the field wheat virus population. We used the high-throughput Oxford Nanopore sequencing technique (ONT) to study the wheat virome. A survey was conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in major wheat-growing counties of Kansas, and wheat leaves showing virus-like symptoms were collected. Total RNA was extracted, and cDNA sequencing libraries were made using the PCR-cDNA barcoding kit and loaded into ONT MinION flow cells. Sequencing reads were aligned to cereal virus references. We identified eight wheat viruses belonging to the genera: Tritimovirus, Poacevirus, Emaravirus, Bromovirus, Luteovirus, Polerovirus, Bymovirus, and Furovirus. We recorded mixed infections of two to five viruses in a single sample. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) + triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) mixed infection was the most predominant infection (16.7%), followed by WSMV + TriMV + brome mosaic virus (BMV) (11.9%) and WSMV single infection (11.9%). Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genomes of WSMV revealed the wide distribution of isolates into clades and subclades including European isolate. Potential WSMV recombinant isolates were found. BMV was identified for the first time in Kansas wheat. We used genetic and evolutionary approaches to characterize BMV isolates. On average, US BMV isolates showed low divergence. Coding regions of all BMV RNAs were under purifying or negative selection pressure. The whole-genome sequences of multiple isolates of High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus and soilborne wheat mosaic virus were characterized. Additionally, virus viability in the inoculum over time was determined, and the relation of viral load and phenotypic symptoms were established, which assists in unbiased disease assessment in wheat virus varietal screening nurseries. Overall, the knowledge of the complexity of host-virus interactions, information of genetic variability, the phylogenetic relationship among isolates, and reports of new isolates of viruses and their co-infections will help in recommendation for sustainable management practices for wheat viruses