Outage Probability of Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) Systems with Delayed Feedback

We investigate the effect of feedback delay on the outage probability of multiple-input single-output (MISO) fading channels. Channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is a delayed version of the channel state information available at the receiver (CSIR). We consider two cases of CSIR: (a) perfect CSIR and (b) CSI estimated at the receiver using training symbols. With perfect CSIR, under a short-term power constraint, we determine: (a) the outage probability for beamforming with imperfect CSIT (BF-IC) analytically, and (b) the optimal spatial power allocation (OSPA) scheme that minimizes outage numerically. Results show that, for delayed CSIT, BF-IC is close to optimal for low SNR and uniform spatial power allocation (USPA) is close to optimal at high SNR. Similarly, under a long-term power constraint, we show that BF-IC is close to optimal for low SNR and USPA is close to optimal at high SNR. With imperfect CSIR, we obtain an upper bound on the outage probability with USPA and BF-IC. Results show that the loss in performance due to imperfection in CSIR is not significant, if the training power is chosen appropriately.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communications Jan 2007, Revised Jun 2007, Revised Nov 200

A CLINICAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF SNEHANA NASYA IN VISHWACHI W.S.R TO CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

Vishwachi is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. It affects the neck and upper extremities with signs and symptoms like Ruk, Stambha, Toda, Karmakshaya and Chestapaharana of Bahu as explained by different Acharyas. Dalhana opines that the condition resembles Gridhrasi which affects the lower limb, and is of two types, Vataja and Vatakaphaja. The clinical presentation of Vishwachi is similar to that of Cervical Spondylosis which is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine. Being an Urdhwajatrugatavikara, Nasya karma has been mentioned as the prime line of treatment. Dhatukshaya can be considered as main factor leading to a condition like Vishwachi. Hence in order to find an effective solution in this condition, Snehana Nasya with Shuddhabala Taila has been taken for the study. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Snehana Nasya in Vishwachi. Methods: It is an open label single arm clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design. A special proforma was prepared considering history taking, physical examination and assessment needed for the condition. The study was carried out in 30 patients of Vishwachi. Nasya karma was done by instilling 16 Bindu of Shuddhabala Taila for 7 days. Data was collected on the 1st day before treatment and 7th day after treatment. Results: The reduction in severity of symptoms was statistically analysed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. Significant improvement was found in all the patients. Conclusion: Analysis of overall effect of the treatment showed significant results. Hence Nasya karma with Shuddhabala Taila was found to be effective in Vishwachi

Patchouli in fragrances-incense stick production from patchouli spent charge powder

 Incense sticks are popularly known as the fragrance ambassador of India.  The burning of incense in religious and social activities has been practiced in India since early times.  Patchouli is an aromatic and medicinal plant and is grown for its essential oil.  Patchouli essential oil has greater demand and finds extensive application in flavour, perfumery, cosmetic, food and beverage industry and pharmaceutical industries.  In our present study the residual essential oil content of patchouli spent charge was studied under various methods, i.e. shade, tray and sun drying, after steam distillation extraction of patchouli essential oil.  The residual essential oil content of shade dried spent charge was 0.5% - 0.7%.  So, the ground shade dried patchouli spent charge was used in incense sticks manufacture.  Ten different types of incense sticks were produced by blending the patchouli spent charge powder at various levels along with other traditional ingredients; and it made us clear that patchouli spent charge powder can replace wood powder up to 5% - 10% level which is currently used at 15% level.  Various physical quality parameters of different patchouli spent charge based incense sticks were studied which eventually indicated that incense sticks from spent charge powder were much acceptable at present scenario.  Keywords: patchouli, spent charge powder, wood powder, incense sticks 

A STUDY ON WEALTH MANAGEMENT AND CLIENT INVESTMENT SERVICE, BANGALORE

Wealth management and client investment services are essential components of the financial industry, catering to the complex and diverse needs of clients seeking to grow, preserve, and manage their wealth. Whether through personalized advisory services or technology-driven solutions, the overarching goal is to provide clients with a path toward financial security and prosperity. the evolving landscape of wealth management, with a particular emphasis on the fusion of traditional and digital service models. This dynamic environment offers clients a range of options to suit their preferences and adapt to changing market conditions. The fundamental concepts and principles that under pin the wealth management and client investment services landscape, shedding light on the paramount importance of aligning financial strategies with clients' unique goals, risk tolerances, and investment time horizons. Furthermore, this abstract highlights the ongoing transformation within wealth management, especially the convergence of traditional and digital service models, catering to clients' diverse preferences and adapting to a rapidly changing economic and regulatory environment. Wealth management's changing environment, with a focus on the blending of traditional and digital service approaches. Customers have a variety of options in this dynamic environment to fit their interests and adjust to shifting market conditions. The core ideas and principles that guide wealth management and client investment services, emphasizing the critical role that matching financial strategies to customers' individual objectives, risk tolerances, and time horizons plays in their success. In order to meet the complicated and varied demands of clients looking to increase, maintain, and manage their wealth, client investment services and wealth management are crucial elements of the financial sector. The main objective is to offer clients a route toward financial security and prosperity, whether through individualized consulting services or technology-driven solutions. In addition, this emphasizes the ongoing transition in wealth management, particularly the fusion of traditional and digital service models, addressing the varied preferences of customers, and adjusting to a quickly altering regulatory and economic environment

ONE STEP QUANTIFICATION ANALYTICAL METHOD AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VALSARTAN BY LC-MS

Objective: To develop precise LC-MS method for the estimation of valsartan impurities and perform validation as per ICH guidelines.Methods: Valsartan (VLN) and its degradation products were analyzed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using mobile phase water: acetonitrile: glacial acetic acid: phosphate buffer in the ratio of 500:500:1:0.5 v/v/v/v at 225 nm using column nucleosil C18, 125 ×4.0 mm, 5 µm. VLN sample (VLN SPL) thus obtained an unknown major impurity (UIMP) of 0.5 % at 0.38 retention time ratio (RRt) and purity of VLN was found to be 98.70 % respectively.Results: Estimation of VLN SPL total unknown impurities was found to be 1.3% by RP-HPLC. In similarly by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) a typical chromatogram of valsartan (VLN) at Rt 9.03 min and UIMP at Rt 3.3 min were recorded at a total run time of 23 min. Assay of VLN SPL was validated as per international council for harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Average % recovery was found to be 100.04 % for VLN SPL.Conclusion: The proposed work clearly indicates that the method can be easily adapted for the routine one step estimation of VLN active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)

High Performance and Low Power VLSI Synchronous Systems Using an Explicit Pulsed Dual Edge Triggered Flip Flops

ABSTRACT: An explicit pulsed dual edge triggered sense amplifier flip flops (DET-FF).In this dual edge triggered sense amplifier flip flop is used for low-power consumption and high performance application. By incorporating the dual edge triggering mechanism, the dual edge triggered flip flop is able to achieve low power consumption that has minimum delay. Clock gating is a popular technique used in many synchronous circuits; hence, the power dissipation is very much reduced. Reducing dynamic power reduction. Clock gating saves power by adding more logic gates in the circuit. It can be used in various applications like digital VLSI clocking system, buffers, registers, microprocessors etc. KEYWORDS: Clock pulse gating,high performance,low power,delay,pulse dual edge triggered, sense amplifier flip flop. I. INTRODUCTION In many digital very large scale integration (VLSI) design, which consists of the clock distribution network and timing elements, is one of the most power consumption. Flip-flops are critical timing elements in digital circuits which have a large impact on circuit speed and power consumption. The performance of the Flip-Flop is an important element to determine the performance of the whole synchronous circuit. In this dual edge triggered sense amplifier as developed from single edge triggered sense amplifier flip flops. At each rising or falling edge of a clock signal, the data stored in a set of flip-flops is readily available so that it can be applied as inputs to other combinational or sequential circuitry. Such flip-flops that store data on both the leading edge and the trailing edge of a clock pulse are referred to as double-edge triggered flip-flops otherwise it is called as single edge triggered flip-flops. The dual edge triggering is a very important technique is to reduce the power consumption in the clock distribution network. In this dual edge triggering is to introduce the clock gating. In this clock gating with clock storage element is to reduce the dynamic power. Two types of clock gating are used in the dual edge triggering mechanism. These are latch free clock gating and latch based clock gating. When technology scales down, total power dissipation will decrease and at the same time delay varies depends upon supply voltage, threshold voltage, oxide thickness. II.DUAL EDGE TRIGGERED FLIP FLOP The dual edge triggered flip flops have two stages. These are pulse generator stage and latching stage. If the clock pulse as the input of the pulse generator. It produces the triggering pulse signal. Latching stage as generate the output pulse signal. In this dual edge triggering flip flop used two types of clock gating. These are latch based clock gating and latch free clock gating. The general block is shown i

Investigations on Hepatoprotective Activity of Leaf Extracts of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae)

The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. marmelos were examined against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice using silymarin as control. Enzyme activities of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. Results indicate that ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of A. marmelos had moderate activity over carbon tetrachloride treatment as compared to control. Results of the present investigation confirm the traditional uses of this plant as a potential hepatoprotective agent

Wound Healing Ethnomedicinal Plants Popular among the Malayali Tribes in Vattal Hills, Dharmapuri, TN, India

Healing of chronic lower extremity wounds is a global problem, especially in developing countries where traditional medicine is often used by the people in remote places. India has a rich tradition of plant based knowledge pertinent to healthcare. A survey of ethnomedicinal plant species used by Malayali’s to heal cut/ wounds in Vattal Hills of Dharmapuri was made. A large number of plants/ extracts/ decoctions/ pastes are used by tribals to heal wounds, cuts and burns. In the present study, an attempt has been made to document ethnobotanical knowledge base and methods employed by Malayali’s for treatment of cut/ wounds. A large number of ethnomedicinal plants used by the Malayali’s have not been validated for wound healing potential. The present investigation resulted in the identification of 82 medicinal plant species distributed across 39 families that are used by Malayali’s to heal cut/ wounds. This study is an attempt to gather the information on the existing ethnobotanical knowledge base and document the traditional claims toward the development of safe of effective herbal drugs for cut/ wounds. Results of the study is organized in table form depicting the botanical name, family, vernacular name and habit with a brief note on plant parts used and method of administration

Studies on Hepatoprotective Properties of Leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. indica were examined against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice using silymarin as control. Enzyme activities of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. Phytochemical leaf extracts of A. indica exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity. Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of A. indica exhibited moderate activity over carbon tetrachloride treated animals. Results confirm the traditional - ethnomedicinal use of A. indica as a potential source of hepatoprotective agent

Investigations on Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plants Used by Tribal Inhabitants of Nalamankadai, Chitteri Reserve Forest, Dharmapuri, India

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information about medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetics and associated complications by tribals in Nalamankadai village of Chitteri Hills, Dharmapuri District. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and native plants used for the treatment of diabetics related health disorders were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews. A total of 10 informants with in the age group of 50 to 68 were interviewed, among them two were tribal practitioners. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers and the inhabitants use 29 species of plants distributed in 28 genera belonging to 22 families to treat diabetics and related complications. Results depict that fresh plant materials were invariably preferred for the treatment of long term complications associated with diabetics. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants used by Malayali’s in Chitteri have been listed along with plant parts used