180 research outputs found
Studies on Preparation of Quarg Type Cheese From Cow Milk and Goat Milk
The current upward trend in nutritional and health awareness is the consumer’s demands for high nutritive valuable product in the market with acceptable sensory characteristics. The present study was carried out to explore the possibilities of using goat milk alone and in combination with cow milk for preparation of quarg type cheese. The levels of cow milk and goat milk treatments were T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 as 100:00, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 00:100 per cent respectively. The product was served to the semi-trained panel of judges to know its acceptability. The treatment T3 having 50% cow milk and 50% goat milk was rated superior amongst experimental treatments. In respect of chemical composition protein, moisture and acidity were increased with increased in level of goat milk while fat, carbohydrate, total solid ash and pH were decreased with increased in level of goat milk
STUDY OF NIRUDDHA PRAKASH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHIMOSIS: A REVIEW
In Ayurvedic Samhita Niruddha Prakash (phimosis) vyadhi (disease) is described to be formed because of vitiated Vata Dosha where constricted Shishnacharma (prepuce) covers Mani (glans penis). This creates obstructed, slow urine flow and the prepuce could not be retracted. Treatment described in Ayurvedic epics is dilatation of preputial meatus by Niruddhaprakash Nadiyantra and Vatadosh Shamak medicated tail (oil) Parishek (fomentation). Surgery is advised if this measure fails. Niruddha prakash has similar features to that of phimosis described in modern medical science. Recent researches shows that glans penis and prepuce has common epithelium and its complete separation essential for complete prepitual retraction exposing whole of glans may normally occur up to the age of 17 years. This may lead to wrong diagnosis of phimosis. Circumcision is considered as treatment of choice for phimosis. In this review article efforts have made to analyze description of Niruddha prakash in Ayurved Epics, and recent researches regarding development and separation of prepuce, non surgical treatment of phimosis for bypass of surgical and anaesthetic complications, and surgical procedure with less complications compared to circumcision that will preserve prepuce as it is important structure protecting glans and urethral meatus and also for coital pleasure.
Impact of heavy metal contamination in different soil towards microbial characteristics and nutrient availability
An intensive investigation for detecting source of the heavy metals
contamination in different areas (within industry, at roadside, adjacent
agriculture lands) of various industries located at two sites A & B were
made. Co-relationshipswere determined for specificmetal contamination in
leacheates at sites with total contents of heavy metal at source.At siteA, it
was observed that the leached fractions were highly correlated with the
total contents of all tested heavy metals showing same source of
contamination, whereas at site B relation was obtained only in case of Mn
i.e 0.99, Zn i.e 0.82 and 0.70 for Cu, while, rest had sparse relationship,
showing that the variability in heavy metal contents was caused by the
different sources of contamination. The soil samples showed different
microbial groups (cfu), in the order Bacteria > Fungi > Actinomycetes >
RhizobiumandAzotobacters. The results indicated that the lowavailability
of nutrients (NPK) in soil could be due to the heavy metal contamination
which reduced the beneficial microbes such as Rhizobia and Azotobacters
in contaminated soil
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Central India
Abstract The groundwater is widely used for irrigation of rice crops. The overuse of groundwater causes depletion of the water quality (i.e. enormous increase in conductivity, hardness and ion and metal contents, etc.) in several regions of the country and world. In this work, the quality of the groundwater in the densestrice cropping area, Saraipali, Chhattisgarh, Central India is discussed. The water is sodic in nature with extremely high electrical conductivity. The mean concentration (n = 15, 56 ± 9, 19 ± 4, 206 ± 25, 9.2 ± 2.3, 39 ± 6, 114 ± 19 and 1.7 ± 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The sources of the contaminants are apportioned by using the factor analysis model. The suitability of the groundwater for the drinking and irrigation purposes is assessed
Fish Community Structure and Trophic Status - A Measure of Ecological Degradation: A Case Study From Powai Lake Mumbai
Powai lake, a monomictic shallow lake, presenting some characteristics typical of a progressive trophic state specifically the
permanent turbid water, the recurrent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms which occasionally leads to large fish kills and the
reduction in biodiversity. The study was carried out to understand the ecological degradation of Powai lake by using the abiotic
and biotic factors. Twenty-four fish species were recorded and the fish yield was found to be 98 kg ha yr where -1 -1 here the actual
potential lies about 363 kg ha-1 yr-1. The diet composition of 10 of the most abundant fishes in the lake revealed that, there were
about 13 major food items from the gut contents, includes phytoplankton green algae, phytoplankton blue-green algae, diatoms,
cladocerans, copepods, benthic algae, benthic weeds, macrophytes, detritus, fish eggs and larvae, shrimps, fish scales and insects
parts. The Food Richness index (N) varied from 12 (Heteropneustes fossilis) to 29 (Oreochromis mossambicus), Diet Breadth (D)
from 0.12 (Heteropneustes fossilis) to 0.77 (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the Gut repletion index (GRI) as 100% for all the
species. Most of the fish species in the lake were either planktivores or detritivores with high feeding avidity and trophic
adaptability, hence are capable of altering diet according to availability. The estimated trophic level indicates that almost all the
fishes in the lake depend on primary producers or consumers as their diet. The dominance of omnivores and planktivores and the
submissive occurrence of carnivores in the lake indicates the rampant ecological degradation of the lake
Polymorphisms of TNF-enhancer and gene for FcγRIIa correlate with the severity of falciparum malaria in the ethnically diverse Indian population
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Susceptibility/resistance to <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>malaria has been correlated with polymorphisms in more than 30 human genes with most association analyses having been carried out on patients from Africa and south-east Asia. The aim of this study was to examine the possible contribution of genetic variants in the <it>TNF </it>and <it>FCGR2A </it>genes in determining severity/resistance to <it>P. falciparum </it>malaria in Indian subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Allelic frequency distribution in populations across India was first determined by typing genetic variants of the <it>TNF </it>enhancer and the <it>FCGR2A </it>G/A SNP in 1871 individuals from 55 populations. Genotyping was carried out by DNA sequencing, single base extension (SNaPshot), and DNA mass array (Sequenom). Plasma TNF was determined by ELISA. Comparison of datasets was carried out by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Haplotypes and LD plots were generated by PHASE and Haploview, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) for risk assessment was calculated using EpiInfo™ version 3.4.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -76 was identified in the <it>TNF </it>enhancer along with other reported variants. Five <it>TNF </it>enhancer SNPs and the <it>FCGR2A </it>R131H (G/A) SNP were analyzed for association with severity of <it>P. falciparum </it>malaria in a malaria-endemic and a non-endemic region of India in a case-control study with ethnically-matched controls enrolled from both regions. <it>TNF </it>-1031C and -863A alleles as well as homozygotes for the TNF enhancer haplotype CACGG (-1031T>C, -863C>A, -857C>T, -308G>A, -238G>A) correlated with enhanced plasma TNF levels in both patients and controls. Significantly higher TNF levels were observed in patients with severe malaria. Minor alleles of -1031 and -863 SNPs were associated with increased susceptibility to severe malaria. The high-affinity IgG2 binding FcγRIIa AA (131H) genotype was significantly associated with protection from disease manifestation, with stronger association observed in the malaria non-endemic region. These results represent the first genetic analysis of the two immune regulatory molecules in the context of <it>P. falciparum </it>severity/resistance in the Indian population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Association of specific <it>TNF </it>and <it>FCGR2A </it>SNPs with cytokine levels and disease severity/resistance was indicated in patients from areas with differential disease endemicity. The data emphasizes the need for addressing the contribution of human genetic factors in malaria in the context of disease epidemiology and population genetic substructure within India.</p
Recent Innovations & Daily Problems. A new prosthesis in inguinal hernia repair:preliminary results of a pilot study.
Introduction: Elective surgery for inguinal hernia is affected by very
low mortality « 1 per 10000 operation); in contrast, when surgery
is carried out for complicated inguinal hernia, risks of postoperative
complication are higher. TAPP is a world-wide accepted surgical practice
in the treatment of elective bilateral or recurrent inguinal hernia,
above all in young patients. Few exploratory studies were published on
laparoscopic approach in the treatment of urgent complicated inguinal
hernia. Aim of this study was to analyze feasibility (operative time,
conversion rate), safety (postoperative morbidity, length of hospital
stay) and quality of life (acute and chronic pain, return to work) of
trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal laparoscopic hernia repair in acute
incarcerated inguinal hernia. Rationale of laparoscopic trans-abdominal
approach is the easier hernia reduction under vision and a better
exploration of the abdominal cavity.
Methods: from September 2012 to September 2013, 15 consecutive
patients admitted in emergency at the Division of General Surgery of
University "Sapienza", Polo Pontino, for acute incarcerated inguinal
hernia were submitted to TAPP using 3 trocars (1 of 10 mm and 2 of
5mm) and polyester prosthesis fixed by fibrin glue. Exclusion criteria
for laparoscopic approach were age III, previous
abdominal surgery, signs of strangulated hernia. All of them were
evaluated for operative time, conversion rate, postoperative morbidity,
organ resection or other surgery required. All patients were scored for
pain by Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) during postoperative in hospital
stay at 7 days, 1,6 and 12 months after surgery.
Results: median follow-up was 16 months and 12 as minimum. In all
cases reduction of hernia was always possible and none conversion
to open surgery was recorded, median operative time was 89 minutes
(55-137 as range), omental resection was carried out in one patient
(6,6%), no other organ resections needed, whereas contralateral hernia
was diagnosed and repaired at the same time in 4 patients (26,6%). No
major complications were observed, median blood loss was 100 ml,
minor morbidity was contained to 18% represented by fever and
wound infection of surgical umbilical scar. Median in hospital stay
was 1,5 days with 1-5 days as range. Postoperative median acute pain,
measured by visual analogic scale (VAS), was 2 (range:0-4), none
patient referred any pain during follow-up. Median time of return to
work was 6,5 days, ranged between 3 to 15 days. Patients' compliance
to treatment and to follow-up was complete as well their satisfaction. Conclusions: In centres skilled for laparoscopy in emergency, TAPP
could be considered a feasible and safe technique. In well-selected
patients (especially if emolled in controlled clinical trial) TAPP could
represent an alternative surgical approach for complicated incarcerated inguinal hernia to conventional open surgery even in urgency. The
main advantages of laparoscopic approach are the ability to perform
surgical hernia reduction under vision, a better exploration and evaluation
of abdominal cavity and diagnosis and treatment of eventual
contralateral defect of wall, otherwise often missed. Finally, the good
control of acute and chronic pain, faster return to normal activity and
work, better aesthetic results contributed to total satisfaction and compliance
of the patients
Nanotechnology intervention of the microbiome for cancer therapy
The microbiome is emerging as a key player and driver of cancer. Traditional modalities to manipulate the microbiome (for example, antibiotics, probiotics and microbiota transplants) have been shown to improve efficacy of cancer therapies in some cases, but issues such as collateral damage to the commensal microbiota and consistency of these approaches motivates efforts towards developing new technologies specifically designed for the microbiome–cancer interface. Considering the success of nanotechnology in transforming cancer diagnostics and treatment, nanotechnologies capable of manipulating interactions that occur across microscopic and molecular length scales in the microbiome and the tumour microenvironment have the potential to provide innovative strategies for cancer treatment. As such, opportunities at the intersection of nanotechnology, the microbiome and cancer are massive. In this Review, we highlight key opportunistic areas for applying nanotechnologies towards manipulating the microbiome for the treatment of cancer, give an overview of seminal work and discuss future challenges and our perspective on this emerging area
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