The impact of early protein intake and nutritional status in critically ill patients

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Populational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different appellations of origin and grape varieties by microsatellite analysis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate populational relationships among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from some of the Portuguese most important grapevine varieties in different appellations of origin, using polymorphic microsatellites. 
One hundred ninety two grape samples were collected during the 2006 and 2007 harvest season in the Vinho Verde (grape varieties: Arinto, Alvarinho, Avesso, Loureiro, Touriga Nacional) Bairrada (grape varieties: Arinto, Baga, Castelão Francês, Maria Gomes, Touriga Nacional) Alentejo (grape varieties, Aragonês, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional), Terras do Sado (grape variety Castelão) Bucelas (grape variety Arinto) and Estremadura (grape varieties: Arinto, Aragonês, Castelão, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional) appellations of origin. From the final stage of spontaneous fermentations, 2820 yeast isolates were obtained, mainly belonging to the species S. cerevisiae. An initial genetic screen, based on mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA RFLP) and/or interdelta sequence analysis was followed by microsatellite analysis of strains with unique genetic profiles, using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellites. Our results showed that microsatellite analysis revealed a high resolution populational screen, showing that genetic differences and populational structures among S. cerevisiae populations derived from both “diagnostic” vineyard-, specific alleles and the accumulation of small allele-frequency differences across ten microsatellite loci. Heterozygosity was three to four times lower than the expected value, confirming the strong populational substructuring. The presented large-scale approach shows that each vineyard contains differentiated S. cerevisiae populations, showing the occurrence of specific native strains that can be associated with a terroir. 

Financially supported by the programs POCI 2010 (FEDER/FCT, POCTI/AGR/56102/2004) and AGRO (ENOSAFE, Nº 762).
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Classroom teachers’ perception about physical education and physical activity: A typology

Introduction: According to the socioecological model teachers may act as facilitators or barriers in a school physical activity (PA) program. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize classroom teachers’ perceptions about Physical Education (PE). Methods: 297 teachers answered a questionnaire about PE past experience, status, aims, and academic benefits of PA. The Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used aiming to identify teachers’ profiles. Results: Dimension 1 combines the view that the PA affects academic achievement (AA) with the idea that PE must be optional or compulsory, but non-examinable. In dimension 2 the biggest difference is between a standard that refers to a relatively neutral position in relation to PA (PE as important for promotion of healthy lifestyles associated with the idea that PA does not affect AA, and PE should be compulsory but non-examinable), as opposed to positions, either in favour (PA benefits AA and PE should be compulsory and examinable) or against PA (PE should be optional). The joint analysis of the two dimensions allowed to identify three distinct patterns of teacher’s perceptions which made possible to build a typology, regardless the cluster they belong to. Considering their personal experience teachers make a misjudgment of PE in schools they attended specially in cluster 3. As for the relation between PA and AA, most teachers say that the PA benefits AA (65% in cluster 1; 96% in cluster 2). In cluster 3, 70% of the teachers say that PA impairs AA. Conclusions: These results support the importance of the earliest good experiences in PE, in generating positive attitudes towards PE. PE teachers should explain to other teachers that PA does not affect academic performance, and that PA prevents deviant behaviours.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Níveis de atividade física de adolescentes portugueses no primeiro período de confinamento devido à pandemia de COVID-19 e as primeiras atividades de professores e treinadores: Um estudo transversal

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social confinement was declared in Portugal on 19th March 2020. Schools and sports clubs were closed, access to all sports and leisure facilities was limited, and young people have experienced restrictions regarding the practice of physical activities and sports. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical activity (PA) levels and sports participation of adolescents before and during confinement, with whom they practice during restrictions and to identify the activities adopted by their physical education (PE) teachers and sports coaches to keep them physically active. An online survey was conducted between March 27th and April 14th 2020. A total of 3,012 Portuguese adolescents (57% females) aged between 10 and 19 years old (14.3±2.4 years old) took part in this study. Wilcoxon test and paired-sample t-test and chi-square test of independence were used in the data analysis. The results show that the number of students engaged in PA increased during the lockdown (72.7% to 88.2%). For those who practiced PA before lockdown, the frequency of PA decreased from 4.7 sessions/week to 4.4 sessions/week (during confinement). For those who did not practice PA before confinement, they started by doing 4.1 sessions/week. The vast majority of PE teachers (77.3%) proposed some pedagogical activities such as video conference classes (53.6%). Regarding the coaches, 53.4% proposed some activity, mainly time circuit training, walking and cycling (around 18% each), or specific training exercises and video conference classes (about 12% each). The number of students who increased their regular PA practice can be justified by the immediate intervention of PE teachers, who implemented several online activities, or because students were able to choose different options to stay active.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The impact of non-physical education teachers’ perceptions on the promotion of active and healthy lifestyles: A cross-sectional qualitative study

(1) Background: In accordance with the socio-ecological model of physical education (PE), school-based interventions to promote physical activity (PA) will only be successful if a change occurs in the perceptions and attitudes of all. This study sought to analyze non-PE teachers experiences in PE and how these experiences relate to the value they attribute to PE, sports and PA, and the impact of teachers’ perceptions on promoting active lifestyles in the school’s context. A mixed-method study was adopted. (2) Methods: A survey about the perceptions in PE was applied to 297 teachers (58 male). From this sample, 24 teachers were selected for three focus groups considering their experiences in PE (e.g., good experiences, bad experiences). MaxQda was used for the inductive qualitative data analysis. (3) Results: Teachers who have had good experiences in PE value the role of PE and sports. Teachers who have had bad experiences do not value the importance of PE or sports. (4) Conclusions: The results support the importance of having good experiences in PE to generate positive attitudes. Thus, teachers who have had bad experiences in PE may constitute barriers that will hinder the promotion of an educational climate that promotes PA and active lifestyles in schools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of a tangential frictional force on rotating disks: an experimental approach

This paper describes an experiment with two touching rotating disks, whose movement is followed by video analysis. Within the disks’ movements, there are intervals with sliding and intervals without sliding, that is, intervals with frictional forces between the touching surfaces and intervals without it. This system configuration allows for measurement of the changeable magnitudes and directions of frictional forces (much more difficult to set up with translational motion). This activity may be used to combat students misconceptions of “frictional force always opposes the motion” and “between the same two bodies, one gets the same frictional force,” commonly found in the classroom, or just to reinforce the rotational dynamics relationships

A new gravitational N-body simulation algorithm for investigation of cosmological chaotic advection

Recently alternative approaches in cosmology seeks to explain the nature of dark matter as a direct result of the non-linear spacetime curvature due to different types of deformation potentials. In this context, a key test for this hypothesis is to examine the effects of deformation on the evolution of large scales structures. An important requirement for the fine analysis of this pure gravitational signature (without dark matter elements) is to characterize the position of a galaxy during its trajectory to the gravitational collapse of super clusters at low redshifts. In this context, each element in an gravitational N-body simulation behaves as a tracer of collapse governed by the process known as chaotic advection (or lagrangian turbulence). In order to develop a detailed study of this new approach we develop the COsmic LAgrangian TUrbulence Simulator (COLATUS) to perform gravitational N-body simulations based on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) for graphics processing units (GPUs). In this paper we report the first robust results obtained from COLATUS.Comment: Proceedings of Sixth International School on Field Theory and Gravitation-2012 - by American Institute of Physic