Syn- and post- glacial processes at the eastern slope of the Lanín volcano, Neuquén Province

La evolución del volcán Lanín ha sido propuesta sobre la base del análisis de las secciones expuestas en la ladera chilena. La descripción de los depósitos de la ladera oriental, en territorio argentino, permite ampliar el conocimiento de la dinámica del volcán y así reconstruir la historia volcánica de la zona en tiempos recientes. Estas secciones aquí descriptas muestran depósitos sin- y post-glaciarios que no habían sido previamente identificados, desde grandes avalanchas de origen volcánico, lahares y flujos de lava hasta flujos piroclásticos. La interacción entre estos productos y las masas de hielo que cubrieron parcialmente al Lanín permite identificar dos eventos lávicos singlaciarios, uno interglaciario y dos postglaciarios. En estos últimos, avalanchas relacionadas al colapso gravitacional de la sección superior del cono y depósitos de surge piroclásticos no encauzados han sido identificados. Los representantes de la actividad volcánica más moderna registrada en la vertiente oriental del Lanín son flujos piroclásticos, lahares y conos adventicios. De esta manera se revela una actividad que describe un pasado reciente más convulsionado que lo pensado previamente.The evolution of the Lanín volcano has been initially proposed from the basis of the study of its western slope. Field description of the deposits hosted in the eastern Argentinian slope has allowed improving the knowledge of this evolution. A reconstruction of the glacial and volcanic history of the area in recent times is carried out in this work which reveals the existence of large avalanches, lahars, lava flows and pyroclastic materials of syn- and post-glacial times. In particular, the interaction between these deposits and those deposited by the ice masses that covered the Lanín volcano allowed identifying two synglacial, one interglacial and two postglacial lava events. The postglacial history of this volcano involves voluminous avalanches related to a partial collapse of the cone summit part, and extensive surge-pyroclastic plains covering the surface of the volcanic edifice. Pyroclastic flows, lahars and pyroclastic monogenetic cones represent the most modern activity registered in the eastern slope of the Lanín volcano. Thus, since the study of the distribution of these sections, a more convulsed recent past than previously thought is revealed.Fil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Miguel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; ArgentinaFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; Argentin

Significance of the Overexpression of Substance P and Its Receptor NK-1R in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the Supplementary material of this article.The authors would like to thank the research group CTS-392 (Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Junta de Andalucía, Spain).Simple Summary Head and neck cancer is the sixth most frequent type of cancer, with more than 600,000 new cases/year, and it is responsible for around 300,000 deaths/year. Substance P (SP) is a peptide of the tachykinin family whose functions are related to a large number of physiological mechanisms in humans. The implications of SP in human carcinogenesis have recently been reported through the stimulation of its receptor NK-1R, or directly through the effects derived from the constitutive activation of NK-1R. With this background, we have shown, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, evidence that the upregulation of SP and NK-1R are oncogenic events involved in head and neck carcinogenesis, probably acting in the early stages of malignization. Our findings also highlight translational opportunities for SP/NK-1R as potential therapeutic targets in head and neck cancer. The objective of our study has been, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, to increase the scientific evidence on the implications of SP and its receptor NK-1R in head and neck carcinogenesis. We searched studies published before May-2020 without date and publication language restrictions (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (QUIPS tool). We performed heterogeneity, sensitivity, small-study effects, and subgroup analyses. A total 16 studies and 1308 cases met inclusion criteria. Qualitative evaluation demonstrated that not all studies were performed with the same scientific rigor, finding the greatest risk of bias in the study confounding and prognostic factors measurement domains. Quantitative evaluation showed a greater SP/NK-1R overexpression in malignant head and neck lesions compared to benign lesions (p = 0.02), and that expression was observed in malignant salivary gland pathology. Likewise, we found a higher overexpression of NK-1R compared to SP (p = 0.02). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show evidence that the upregulation of SP and NK-1R are oncogenic events involved in head and neck carcinogenesis, probably acting in the early stages of malignization. In addition, there is evidence of a greater relevance of the upregulation of the NK-1R receptor compared to SP, which highlights the interest in deepening the development of targeted therapies on the receptor. Future studies assessing the relationships between SP/NK-1R among subjects with head and neck tumors could consider the recommendations given in this systematic review and meta-analysis to improve and standardize future research

Substance P and Neurokinin 1 Receptor in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer of the Head and Neck: A Review of the Literature

Head and neck cancer is a growing worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 1,500,000 new cases and 500,000 deaths annually. Substance P (SP) is a peptide of the tachykinin family, which has roles related to a large number of physiological mechanisms in humans. The implications of SP in carcinogenesis have recently been reported through the stimulation of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), or directly, through the effects derived from the constitutive activation of NK1R. Consequently, SP/NK1R seems to play relevant roles in cancer, upregulating cell proliferation, cell migration and chronic inflammation, among other oncogenic actions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence pointing to a central role for SP in tumour progression, singularly so in laryngeal and oral squamous cell carcinomas. The current narrative review of the literature focuses on the relationship between the SP/NK1R system and chronic inflammation and cancer in the headand- neck region. We described a role for SP/NK1R in the transition from chronic inflammation of the head and neck mucosa, to preneoplastic and neoplastic transformation and progression

Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Patagonian Andes (40°S)

This chapter is focused on the tectonic evolution of the North PatagonianAndes comprised between 38° and 40°S. Field recognition of main structuresallowed establishing a structural control for the main sedimentary packages thatcoexisted with Andean development. These structures affect Miocene strata at theeastern deformational front, indicating a last stage of development, althoughcooling ages suggest a Mid to Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Paleozoicbasement exposed at the westernmost sector. Synextensional deposits of lateOligocene age imply an interruption of Andean constructional mechanisms at theselatitudes. Finally, seismic tomographies at these latitudes show an area of relativelylow seismic velocities in the orogenic front area, separated from the arc front zone.Computed elastic thicknesses from gravity data show a good correlation with theseareas with abnormal heat flow associated with retroarc stretching and magmaticemplacement in the last 5-2 Ma.Fil: Ramos, Miguel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Giménez, Mario Jorge. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Morphological disparity and integration in the vertebral column of pinnipeds (Mammalia, Carnivora).

The vertebral column has a very important role in locomotion in aquatic mammals, such as pinnipeds. However, the mode of aquatic locomotion differs between pinniped groups. Otariids generate thrust with their forelimbs (pectoral rowing) while phocids move laterally the pelvic region (pelvic oscillation). Therefore, to explore differences between these groups can provide new clues about the evolution of the land-to-sea transition in pinnipeds. In this study, we explore the disparity and morphological integration of the presacral vertebrae of a set of living and extinct pinnipeds. The results obtained show that vertebral morphological disparity is higher in phocids than in otariids. In addition, disparity through time analyses indicate that, for most vertebrae, otariids subclades tend to explore different regions of the morphospace, whereas phocid lineages overlap within similar regions. Finally, the study of integration between vertebrae in otariids reveals an absence of a modular pattern along the spine, in contrast to the modular pattern found in phocids. These results suggest that adaptation to the aquatic environment in both groups follows two completely different pathways, probably associated with their mode of aquatic locomotion. Future studies on the biomechanics of the pinniped vertebral column may confirm the association of morphology and evolutionary patterns with locomotor performance.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Tectonic evolution of the northern Austral-Magallanes basin in the Southern Patagonian Andes from provenance analysis

We studied the northern tip of the Austral-Magallanes basin in the Southern Patagonian Andes, between the Buenos Aires Lake and the Mayer River at 46°35′ SL and 48°35′ SL, respectively. Proposed objectives were: i) to differentiate Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonostratigraphic units and, ii) to characterize the different deformational events that took place in the area linked to a variable regional geodynamic context. Sandstones provenance analysis was performed on the Aptian - Albian compressive retroarc deposits and Cenozoic foreland deposits. Studied samples were classified using tectonic discrimination diagrams which show: i) for Cretaceous rocks a dominant sediment source from a recycled orogen and, to a lesser extent, a dissected to transitional arc whereas ii) the Cenozoic rocks show a magmatic arc provenance. According to the performed analyses, the evolution of the northern sector of the Austral-Magallanes basin is proposed to include four tectonostratigraphic units related to: i) a Late Jurassic rift stage; ii) a Berriasian – Barremian thermal subsidence stage; iii) an Aptian – Albian compressive retroarc stage; and iv) a Miocene foreland stage s.s. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene was a time for compression and uplift, represented in the study zone by a paraconcordance/angular unconformity with an extended hiatus between Albian/Cenomanian rocks and the Eocene.Fil: Barberon, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Ronda, Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Aramendía, Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Suárez, Rodrigo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Miguel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Naipauer, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Sue, Christian. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Ghiglione, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Investigating the land‑to‑sea transition in carnivorans from the evolution of sacrum morphology in pinnipeds

The form and function of the sacrum are of great relevance to understand the evolution of locomotion in tetrapods because it is a key piece of the vertebrate skeleton. The sacrum connects the caudal and presacral regions of the vertebral column and the hindlimbs through the pelvis. Here, we investigate sacrum shape evolution in pinnipeds (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) in relation to terrestrial mammalian carnivorans (fissipeds), and we include crown and stem taxa to quantify the morphological changes they experience in relation to the aquatic environment they inhabit. We use 3D geometric morphometric methods to explore the morphological variability and disparity of the sacrum in a set of terrestrial and aquatic carnivoran species. Our results show that the morphology of the sacrum of each pinniped family is remarkably different and that these differences may be related to the aquatic mode of locomotion (pectoral or pelvic oscillation), the use of hindlimbs to support body weight on land (otariids in contrast with phocids), and the presence or absence of a functional tail. In addition, disparity-through-time analyses indicate that the sacrum of pinnipeds is less constrained than that of fissipeds, which suggests a gravitational origin of such constraints in fissipeds. In conclusion, our results give further support to the important role played by this skeletal structure in the locomotory adaptations of mammals.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Universities (Grant # PID2019-111185GB-I00) and Junta de Andalucía (Grant # P18-FR-3193). Support for laser scanning the specimen of Puijila darwini was provided by the Canadian Museum of Nature. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Herramienta metodológica para el aprendizaje de la distribución en planta. (Methodological tool for learning the facility lay-out).

La distribución en planta implica el ordenamiento de espacios necesarios para el movimiento de material, almacenamiento y líneas de producción, administración y servicios para el personal. Es una actividad de la ingeniería en la que convergen varias disciplinas, una ciencia donde se establecen metodologías y se construye el conocimiento sistemático para optimizar el diseño apropiado en cada situación. El diseño del juego para distribución en planta es una herramienta que complementa el conocimiento, buscando que las personas adquieran las competencias para integrar conceptos de la metodología sistemática de distribución en planta. Los resultados del juego permiten establecer, inicialmente, el aprendizaje de la temática establecida, y a futuro una posibilidad de mejorarla

Dynamic learning rates for continual unsupervised learning.

The dilemma between stability and plasticity is crucial in machine learning, especially when non-stationary input distributions are considered. This issue can be addressed by continual learning in order to alleviate catastrophic forgetting. This strategy has been previously proposed for supervised and reinforcement learning models. However, little attention has been devoted to unsupervised learning. This work presents a dynamic learning rate framework for unsupervised neural networks that can handle non-stationary distributions. In order for the model to adapt to the input as it changes its characteristics, a varying learning rate that does not merely depend on the training step but on the reconstruction error has been proposed. In the experiments, different configurations for classical competitive neural networks, self-organizing maps and growing neural gas with either per-neuron or per-network dynamic learning rate have been tested. Experimental results on document clustering tasks demonstrate the suitability of the proposal for real-world problems

CADICA: a new dataset for coronary artery disease detection by using invasive coronary angiography

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death globally and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is considered the gold standard of anatomical imaging evaluation when CAD is suspected. However, risk evaluation based on ICA has several limitations, such as visual assessment of stenosis severity, which has significant interobserver variability. This motivates to development of a lesion classification system that can support specialists in their clinical procedures. Although deep learning classification methods are well-developed in other areas of medical imaging, ICA image classification is still at an early stage. One of the most important reasons is the lack of available and high-quality open-access datasets. In this paper, we reported a new annotated ICA images dataset, CADICA, to provide the research community with a comprehensive and rigorous dataset of coronary angiography consisting of a set of acquired patient videos and associated disease-related metadata. This dataset can be used by clinicians to train their skills in angiographic assessment of CAD severity and by computer scientists to create computer-aided diagnostic systems to help in such assessment. In addition, baseline classification methods are proposed and analyzed, validating the functionality of CADICA and giving the scientific community a starting point to improve CAD detection