Manual do extensionista.

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Variabilidade genética em cervídeos do gênero Mazama baseada no polimorfismo da transferrina, albumina sérica e hemoglobina

The genus Mazama is currently represented in Brazil by five species: M. nana, M. americana, M. gouazoubira, M. bororo, and M. nemorivaga. The objective of the present study was to determine the electrophoretic characteristics of transferrin, serum albumin, and hemoglobin in the genus Mazama in order to evaluate the polymorphism among different species in Brazil. Blood samples from 138 animals, kept in captivity and with a known origin in nature and coming from all regions of the country, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Variability for the transferrin locus ranged from monomorphism in M. nana and M. bororo to six different electromorphs in M. gouazoubira. Monomorphism was found at the serum albumin locus but two alleles were observed in M. gouazoubira. Hemoglobin presented three phenotypes but no significant differences in gene frequencies were observed.O gênero Mazama é atualmente representado no Brasil por cinco espécies: M. nana, M. americana, M. gouazoubira, M. bororo e M. nemorivaga. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as características eletroforéticas das transferrinas, albuminas séricas e hemoglobinas em cervídeos do gênero Mazama no que diz respeito ao polimorfismo entre as diferentes espécies brasileiras. Foram analisadas em eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida amostras de plasma sangüíneo e hemoglobina de 138 animais, mantidos em cativeiro, com origem conhecida na natureza e provenientes de todas as regiões do país. O sistema das transferrinas apresentou variabilidade crescente nas espécies M. nana, M. americana e M. gouazoubira, variando do monomorfismo na primeira espécie à ocorrência de seis diferentes fenótipos na última. As albuminas séricas apresentaram-se monomórficas, porém o perfil eletroforético observado em M. gouazoubira foi diferente das outras espécies. As hemoglobinas apresentaram três fenótipos, aparentemente compostos por dois alelos A e B, não sendo observadas diferenças significativas em relação às freqüências fenotípicas

MarinEye - A tool for marine monitoring

This work presents an autonomous system for marine integrated physical-chemical and biological monitoring – the MarinEye system. It comprises a set of sensors providing diverse and relevant information for oceanic environment characterization and marine biology studies. It is constituted by a physicalchemical water properties sensor suite, a water filtration and sampling system for DNA collection, a plankton imaging system and biomass assessment acoustic system. The MarinEye system has onboard computational and logging capabilities allowing it either for autonomous operation or for integration in other marine observing systems (such as Observatories or robotic vehicles. It was designed in order to collect integrated multi-trophic monitoring data. The validation in operational environment on 3 marine observatories: RAIA, BerlengasWatch and Cascais on the coast of Portugal is also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dispersão de Biomphalaria straminea, hospedeira intermediária do Schistosoma mansoni, através da distribuição de peixes

Up the present, the works of collecting planorbids done in 226 municipalities for the elaboration of the geographical distribution chart in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), showed the presence of two intermediate host species of Schistosoma mansoni: Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biompralaria glabrata. Although the technicians from the Psiculture Stations, have not found snails in the water inside the containers used for the transportation of fishes, the ecological conditions of B. straminea in the latest researches are such as to indicate that they have been introduced, in our State through fish transportation imported from areas where it occurs, such as the State of Amazonas and Ceará (Brazil). The aim of the importation of these fishes is its adaptation to local waters. The occurrence was noticed in the Psiculture Stations of the towns of Barra Bonita and Americana, and in an aquarium of a private house in the city of São Paulo. This shows the danger that the distribution of fishes represents and the way it is being done. The seriousness of the problem originates not only from the importation of the said species but also from its dissemination in the State, through the redistribution to the private Psiculture Stations. It should be remembered that this dissemination can be also done through rivers in which banks are located tanks for the breeding of fishes as mentioned before. This facts was communicated to the National Department of Rural Endemies for the necessary measures. One of the steps to be taken should be the quarentine for fishes from zones infested with species of planorbids hosts of S. mansoni. The passive scattering of B. straminea by the transportation of fishes, will enlarge the geographical distribution of these planorbids,which have already been found in Venezuela, Guianas and Brazil. In this last country it is found in all its States with the exception of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro and Federal Territories. Two hundred and seventeen specimens of B. straminea were examined and all of them were negative to cercaries of Shistosoma mansoni.Foi focalizado, pela primeira vez o encontro de B. straminea no Estado de São Paulo. Esta espécie vem juntar-se aos planorbídeos já assinalados em nosso Estado. Foram descritos os criadouros, onde a B. straminea foi coletada, localizados em tanques de criação de peixes nas Estações de Piscicultura de Barra Bonita e Americana, Estado de São Paulo, e em um aquário particular na capital dêsse Estado. Fêz-se referência ao transporte de peixes oriundos de zonas do país onde ocorre aquela espécie, Amazonas e Ceará, como responsável pela introdução daquele molusco no Estado. Destacou-se êsse achado pelo perigo que representa a distribuição de peixes da maneira como vem sendo feita atualmente em nosso país, tendo sido julgado necessário o estabelecimento de quarentena para aquêles vindos de zonas infestadas por espécies hospedeiras intermediárias do S. mansoni. Foram relatadas as medidas de combate aos caramujos efetuadas imediatamente após aquela descoberta e os resultados obtidos. Conclui-se que a dispersão passiva da B. straminea pelo transporte de peixes, deve ampliar a distribuição geográfica dêsse planorbídeo, já assinalado na Venezuela, Guianas e no Brasil, sendo que neste último ocorre em tôdas as Unidades Federativas, exceto, no Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro e Territórios

The Portuguese Society of Rheumatology position paper on the use of biosimilars

Biotechnological drugs have become a fundamental resource for the treatment of rheumatic patients. Patent expiry of some of these drugs created the opportunity for biopharmaceutical manufacturers to develop biosimilar drugs intended to be as efficacious as the originator product but with a lower cost to healthcare systems. Due to the complex manufacturing process and highly intricate structure of biologicals, a biosimilar can never be an exact copy of its reference product. Consequently, regulatory authorities issued strict preclinical and clinical guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy equivalence and, in September 2013, the biosimilar of infliximab was the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to be authorized for use in the European Union. The current document is a position statement of the "Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia" (Portuguese Society of Rheumatology) on the use of biosimilar drugs in rheumatic diseases. Two systematic literature reviews were performed, one concerning clinical trials and the other one concerning international position papers on biosimilars. The results were presented and discussed in a national meeting and a final position document was discussed, written and approved by Portuguese rheumatologists. Briefly, this position statement is contrary to automatic substitution of the originator by the biosimilar, defends either a different INN or the prescription by brand name, supports that switching between biosimilars and the originator molecule should be done after at least 6 months of treatment and based on the attending physician decision and after adequate patient information, recommends the registration of all biosimilar treated patients in Reuma.pt for efficacy, safety and immunogenicity surveillance, following the strategy already ongoing for originators, and opposes to extrapolation of indications approved to the originator to completely different diseases and/or age groups without adequate pre-clinical, safety or efficacy data.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio